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1. AJITH C B.P.T.
Student-K.M.C.H. College Of Physiotherapy,
Coimbatore.

2.  Bed rest also reffered to as the REST-CURE
,it is a medical treatement in which a person
lies in bed for most of the time to try to cure
on illness

4.  IMMOBILIZATION-Physical restriction of
movement to body (or) a body segment
 DECONDITIONING-Decreased functional
capacity of multiple organ system

5.  Physical
 Psychological
 Environmental

6.  MUSCULO SKELETAL DISORDERS
Arthritis
Osteoporosis
Fractures (especially hip and femur)
Podiatric problem
Others(e.g. Paget”s diseases)
 NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
Stroke
Parkinsonism diseases
Others

7.  CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASES
Congestive heart failure(severe)
Coronary heart diseases(frequent angina)
Peripheral vascular diseases
 PULMONARY DISEASES
Chronic obstructive lung diseases(severe)
Acute and chronic pain
Malnutrition
Drug side effects
Sensory factors impairment of vision

8.  Fear(from instability and fear of falling)
 Depression

9.  Forced immobility(in hospitals and nursing
home)
 Inadequate aids for immobility
 Poor lightening

10. Decreased mobility and
increased bed rest adversely
affect almost every system of
the body
Prolonged inactivity (or) bed rest
has adverse physical and
physiological consequences

11.  Pressure ulcers-because of skin capillary
compressed between bone and hard surface

13.  Muscle: disuse atrophy “if you don’t use it
,you’ll lose it,”
loss of muscle strength ,muscle atrophy
(begins after 1 day of immobilization.1-
3%/day muscles may loss half of their bulk
after 2 months)
 Bone: increased bone resorption
(Osteoporosis) increased risk of fracture,
dorsal kyphosis, and chronic back pain 1%
loss of vertebral mineral content per week)

15.  Immobilization can induce cartilage degeneration.
The body attempts ton repair joints through
cartilage proliferation ,osteophyte formation ,and
fibrofatty infiltration of the joint cavity.
 Contractures (contributing factors include
spasticity ,improper bed positioning and
maintaining the limb in a shortened position)
Muscles ,CT that cross two joints are at increased
risk factor contractures, further impaired mobility,
resulting in more joints tightness and
contractures.
 Joints stiffness and pain: if joints are not given
adequate full range of motion. The stiffness is due
to tightness of the muscles and tissues
surrounding the joints.

17. Decreased Voiding (stasis)
 Increased post-void residual volume
,retention
 Increased risk of urinary tract infections
 Increased risk of calculus formation

18.  Venous stasis + increased blood coagulated +
decreased plasma volume

20.  heart rate (1 beat/minute every 2 days)
1) Decreased coronary blood flow and
decreased O2 available to cardiac muscle
a) CO,SV

21. Orthostatic hypotension (begins after
3 weeks of bed rest ) due to:
Excessive pooling of blood in the
lower limb
Decreased circulating blood volume
(20 days of bed rest may lead to a 25%
of decreased STROKE VOLUME and
a 20% increased in HEART RATE).

22.  Constipation
 Weakening of Abdominal wall muscles
,leading to difficulty in raising the intra-
abdominal pressure sufficiently for
defecation .
 Loss of privacy and embarrassment if toilet
assistance is needed.
 Bowel irregularity may produce Abdominal
discomfort ,as well as cause loss of
appetite.

23.  Decreased BMR
 Hypercalcemia
 Decreased parathyroid hormone
 Increased plasma renin activity
 Increased aldosterone secretion
 Altered growth hormone production
 Altered spermatogenesis and androgen
secretion
 Altered circadian rhythm

24. URINORY loss of:
Nitrogen-(begins day 5-6,peaks at 2
weeks)
Calcium –(begins day 2-3,peaks at 4-
6 weeks)
Phosphorus
o Reversible post mobilization

25. Decreased strength of respiratory
muscles- decreased tidal volume
,minute volume, respiratory capacity
Increased respiratory rate to
compensate for decreased
respiratory capacity
Decreased ability clear secretion
(cough reflex)
(Accumulation of secretion in the lower bronchial
tree ,which can block airways ,cause Atelectasis
and increased the risk of pneumonia)