Cooling tower

A
Presentation
On
COOLING TOWERS
Submitted To:
Mr.Rajesh kumar
(Assistant Pro. Mechanical Engineering
Department)
Submitted By:
Ajeet kumar saini
ME 4TH Year
1Copyright Ajeet kumar saini10/2/2018

Contents
 Need of Cooling
 Principal of cooling
 Introduction
 Part of cooling tower
 Working of cooling tower
 Type of cooling tower
 Assessment of cooling Towers
 Losses in cooling tower
 Method to improve efficiency of cooling tower

Cooling Tower
10/2/2018 Copyright Ajeet kumar saini 4

Components of cooling tower
 Frame and casing: support exterior enclosures
 Fill: facilitates heat transfer by maximizing water/ air
contact
 Splash fill
 Film fill
 Cold water basin: receives water at bottom of tower.

 Drift eliminators: capture droplets in air stream
 Air inlet: entry point of air
 Louvers: equalize air flow into the fill and retain water
within tower
 Nozzles: spray water to wet the fill
 Fans: deliver air flow in the tower

Types of Cooling Tower
Copyright Ajeet kumar saini 710/2/2018

Natural Draft Cooling Towers
 Hot air moves through tower
 Fresh cool air is drawn into the tower from bottom
 No fan required
 Concrete tower<200m
 Used for large heat duties

Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers
Large fan to force air through circulated water
Water falls over fill surfaces: maximum heat transfer
Cooling rate depends on many parameters
Large range of capacities
Can be grouped, e.g. 8-cell tower

Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers
 Three types:
 Forced draft
 Induced draft cross flow
 Induced draft counter flow

Forced Draft Cooling Tower
 Air blown through tower
by centrifugal fan at air
inlet
 Advantages: suited for
high air resistance & fans
are relatively quiet
 Disadvantages:
 Recirculation due to
high air-entry and low
air-exit velocities

Induced Draft Cooling Towers
 Two types:
 Cross flow
 Counter flow
 Advantages: less circulation than forced draft towers
 Disadvantage: fans and motor drive mechanism require
weather- proofinh

Induced Drat Counter Flow CT
 Hot water enters at the top
 Air enters at bottom and exits at top
 Uses force and induced draft fans

Induced Drat Cross Flow CT
 Water enters top and passes over fill
 Air enters on one side or opposite sides
 Induced draft fan draw air across fill

Assessment of cooling Towers
 Range:
 Difference between
cooling water inlet and
outlet temperature:
 Range(0c) = CW inlet
temp – CW outlet temp
 High range = good
performance
(in) to the tower
(out) from the tower
Cold water temperature (out)
Wet bulb temperature
(Ambient)
ApproachRange

 Approach:
 Difference between
cooling tower outlet cold
water temperature and
ambient wet bulb
temperature:
 Approach(0C) = CW
outlet temp – wet bulb
temp
 Low approach = good
performance
(in) to the tower
(Ambient)
ApproachRange

 Effectiveness
 Effectiveness in %
 Range /(Range+
Approach)*100
 High effectiveness = good
performance
(in) to the tower
(Ambient)
ApproachRange

Calculation Of Efficiency of Cooling
Tower
 Data uses here was taken from AIS Glass
Company at Roorkee
 Let Hot water temperature is denoted as Ti
 Let Cold water temperature is denoted as To
& wet bulb temperature is denoted as Tw

Efficiency of Cooling Tower
Ti=380c
To=320c
Tw= 270c
Therefore efficiency = (38-32)/(38-27)*100
=54.545454 or 55%

Factors that affect the performance of
cooling tower
 Blowdown Losses:
 Evaporation Loss.
 Drift loss:

Cooling tower

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