Classical Conditioning

1. Ivan Pavlov
CLASSICALCLASSICAL
CONDITIONINGCONDITIONING

2.  In classical conditioning, an organism learns to associate
one stimulus with another.
 The organism learns that the first stimulus is a signal for
the second stimulus.
 In Pavlov’s experiment, the tuning fork signaled the
dogs that food might be coming.

3. KEY CONCEPTS OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONINGKEY CONCEPTS OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
A stimulus that elicits a response without conditioning
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Automatic response elicited by the unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
A neutral stimulus that when paired with an unconditioned
stimulus (UCS) elicits a similar response
Conditioned Response (CR)
A response that is learned by pairing the originally neutral
conditioned stimulus (CS) with the unconditioned stimulus
(UCS)

4. Classroom example
 What is the Conditioned StimulusConditioned Stimulus?
When the word test was called out
• What is the Unconditioned StimulusUnconditioned Stimulus?
when the test was handed out
• What is the Unconditioned ResponseUnconditioned Response?
when the student perspired

5. Operant ConditioningOperant Conditioning
The use of pleasant orThe use of pleasant or
unpleasant consequencesunpleasant consequences
to control the occurrence ofto control the occurrence of
behaviourbehaviour

6. Reinforcement orReinforcement or
punishment?punishment?
Strengthen
behaviour
weaken
behaviour
Positive
reinforcement
Type 1
punishment
Negative
reinforcement
Type 2
punishment
Added to
the situation
Removed from
the situation

7. Reinforcement orReinforcement or
punishment?punishment?
Strengthen
behaviour
weaken
behaviour
Positive
reinforcement
Type 1
punishment
Negative
reinforcement
Type 2
punishment
Added to
the situation
Removed from
the situation