This ppt describes plastic, its types, how it's hazardous in all kind of living beings, and 13 tips to overcome plastic pollution.

1. PLASTIC POLLUTION IN PAKISTAN
AND ITS SOLUTION
Presented to:
Dr. Javed Iqbal
Presented by:
Aiman Nisar
L1S16BSMR0013

2. A brief history of plastics
• Parkesine (1862) The first man-made plastic as alternative of rubber created
from part of the cell wall of plants (cellulose) it was transparent, moldable and less
expensive.
• Celluloid (1865) billiard balls and celluloid products such as bowls and combs
that imitated ivory and tortoiseshell and other more expensive materials, were
created.

3. A brief history of plastics
• Bakelite (1907) A totally synthetic plastic, Bakelite retained its shape and form
even under stress and heat. Bakelite jewelry, clocks and telephones became
popular.
• Vinyl (1920s) was developed to replace natural rubber. Vinyl is commonly used
for blood bags and in building and construction products including piping, roofing,
flooring and electrical cable insulation.
• “Plastic” (1930s) word started using.

4. A brief history of plastics
• Polyethylene (1930s) has become the most widely used plastic and is a mainstay of
modern packaging: beverage bottles, milk jugs, bags, food storage containers and more.
• Polyvinylidene Chloride (1933) was initially used to protect military equipment
against saltwater. Since it clings to nearly anything and forms an oxygen barrier, it was
introduced as a film for food packaging.
• Nylon (1939) rapidly replaced silk in clothing and military applications during World War
II.

5. A brief history of plastics
• Polystyrene (1954) Polystyrene foam went on to be used in lightweight
protective packaging, buoys/docks, movie sets, takeout containers and more.

7. Why were plastic created?
• Since its inception, plastic enabled countless advances in our industry and way of
the life.
• Created to be light, durable, chemically resistant, non-reactive to outside
influences, and easy to manufacture, plastic was a perfect building material for
countless articles to be used in daily affairs and in industries plus labs.

8. Rate Of Decomposition

9. Negative Impact Of Plastic On Environment
• Durability (400 to 1000 years)
Plastic is artificially created polymer compound which can survive many centuries
before nature is able to degrade it.
This troublesome ability of plastic and its continuous dumping into seas and land
will eventually create problems for future generations.
Even with all this durability, plastic products cannot be used as a basic building
block for everything we need.
• Environmental harm
Waste plastic will continue to clog our waterways, oceans, forests, and other
natural habitats. 88% of plastic pollution is present in oceans. Seven billion tons is
stuck on Earth as garbage in landfills.

10. Negative Impact Of Plastic On Environment
• Chemical Risk
Some of the additives that are infused in plastic can cause permanent harm to our
metabolism.
Chemicals such as phthalates and BPA (are widely used as an additive that
prevents degrading of plastic structure) are
1. Toxic for reproduction interfere with our natural hormone levels which can
cause serious problems to both males and females (lower testosterone levels in
men, and premature girl puberty).

11. Negative Impact Of Plastic On Environment
1. Carcinogenic and mutagenic in large doses and can increase your risk of breast
and prostate cancer and heart disease, among other diseases.
• Choking Hazards in case of babies and toddlers that unknowingly put toys in
their mouth. Plastic bags mistakenly eaten by turtles (as jellyfish) block their gut,
hence leading to death.

12. Negative Impact Of Plastic On Environment
• Release of harmful gases when plastic items can’t tolerate high temperatures
and releases harmful gases (at high temp.) which cause pollution. These include
nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), and polycyclic
organic matter (POMs - a solid residue leftover).

13. Plastic in Pakistan
• Plastic industry is growing at the rate of 15% a year in Pakistan.
• Today plastics material constitutes as the fourth largest item of
imports. In the year 2017, plastic scraps imports jumped over a
staggering 200% to 46,992 mt compared to 13,682 mt in 2016.
• Imported plastic scrap contains higher amounts of contamination
residuals, pest dumps, germs and infections, pesticides and food
particles among many other harmful chemicals and additives.
• In Pakistan, almost every imported material goes unchecked.

14. Plastic in Pakistan
• Today, 250 million tones of garbage in Pakistan primarily consists of
plastics.
• In landfills, leachate is released from time to time, polluting water.
• WWF-Pakistan studies revealed that 65% percent of garbage that
littered beaches along Pakistan’s coast consists of plastics.
• When eight million tones of plastic ends up in the world’s oceans
every year, 10 world rivers carry 90% of that plastic in which Pakistan’s
Indus river is on 2nd position.

15. Spot-tail shark entangled in a polythene bag
Olive ridley turtle fully entangled in this
Polypropylene bag

20. 10. Recycle
• 36 companies are currently recycling plastic in Pakistan but still only
14% of total plastic is recycled.
• Remaining 86% ends up in landfills and rivers.
• Recycling helps in reusing older products but harmful gases like Carbon
dioxide and methane are released.

21. 11. Support ban on Plastic by government
• In Balochistan, which supposedly already announced such a ban, but
implementation seems non-existent.
• The Sindh government, which had also announced such a ban but has
since forgotten about it.

22. 12. Avoid Plastic Poisoning: Check Bottled
Water For BPA

24. 13. Use of biodegradable bags
• Biodegradable means “capable of being decomposed by bacteria or
other living organisms and thereby avoiding pollution”.
• Biodegradable plastics made from traditional petrochemicals, which
are engineered to break down more quickly.
• Bioplastics made from natural materials such as corn starch.

25. 13. Use of biodegradable bags
• Under the country's Prohibition of Non-degradable Plastic Products
Regulations 2013, degradable plastics were to replace all plastic items
• The fact that no study has been conducted in Pakistan to know
precisely how the gases and residues released from a decomposing
bio-degradable plastic impacts on the environment, food items and
human health, helps the companies to show reluctance.
• “We do not know how the ingredients of the degradable plastics react
with packaged food. The ingredients could reduce shelf-life of food
items,” said a representative of Nestlé explaining why degradable
plastics are not gaining favor in the food industry.

26. 14. Edible cutlery as an alternative to plastic
cutlery
• Narayana Peesapati has been developing Bakey’s Edible Cutlery since
2010 in Hyderabad, India.
• It is made from a mix of jowar
(sorghum), rice and wheat flour.
• Eat With It And Then Eat It.

27. Do it yourself, spread the word and make
Pakistan PLASTIC FREE. 