All about civil eng.

1. Activities used in road Construction
For the constructionof road differentstepsare take place
1) Preparationof sub-grade
2) Preparationof sub-base
3) Preparationof base
4) Preparationof wearingcourse
Preparationof Sub Grade
Equipments usedin Sub grade Preparation
1. Tractor
2. Bulldozer
3. Grader
4. Shovel
5. Roller
6. Dumper
7. Dragline
Preparationof sub-base
Equipments usedinbase & sub base course construction
1. Crusher
2. Tractor
3. Dumper
4. Aggregate distributor
5. Grader
6. Roller

2. Preparationof wearing course
Equipments usedinwearing coarse
1. Hot mix plant
2. Asphaltmixer
3. Bitumenboiler
4. Bitumensprayer
5. Aggregate spreader
6. Roller
Equipments usedfor rigidpavement-
1 Concrete mixer
2 Vibrator
3 Concrete Pavers
4 Batching& MixingPlant
5 Concrete Spreader
6 Finisher

3. Preparationof Sub Grade
Name of
Equipment
Activity Snap
Tractor Tractor is
the primarily
an earth
moving
machinery
intendedto
exerta
powerful
tractive
force for
towingother
heavy
machinesor
equipments.
Bulldozer Bulldozer
are usedfor
site
clearance
,excavation
,pushingthe
material in
forward
direction
and leveling
earthfills
Grader A graderis
an
earthmoving
machine
eitherself
propelledor
towedbya
tractor used
for lightand
medium
excavation
work.

4. Shovel Shovel isthe
most
powerful
and giant
excavating
machinery
includes
power
shovels.Itis
one of the
most
versatile
equipment
usedinthe
construction
of highways
especiallyfor
earthwork.
Roller Its
commonly
usedin
preparation
of subgrade
for
compaction
and for
stabilization
of soil
Dumper Dumperisa
lorrywhich
can be
emptiedby
raisingthe
frontof the
carrier to
allowthe
contentsto
slide out
fromthe
back

5. Dragline A machine
havinga
longlight
crane boom
and a
digging
bucketfor
excavation
of earthand
loadingit
intohauling
unitsis
termedas
dragline
Preparationof sub-base & base
Name of
Equipment
Activity Snap
Crusher The type of
machine used
for crushing the
stones or ballast
is known as
crusher.
Aggregate
Distributors
The machine
which is used for
distributing the
aggregates
according to
their sizes is
known as
aggregate
distributor.

6. Preparation of wearing coarse
Name of Equipment Activity Snap
Bitumensprayer The machine whichisused
to spray or sprinkle
bitumenonthe surface in
desiredquantityisknown
as bitumensprayer.
Hot Mix Plant A plantwhichisusedfor
prepare a premix
bituminousconcrete
mixture tobe laidover
bituminouscarpetedroads
ina desiredratioistermed
as hot mix plant.
AsphaltMixers Asphaltmixerisamachine
or plantusedfor preparing
pre-mix bituminous
material consistingof
asphaltand road
aggregatestobe usedin
bituminouscarpetedroad
isknownas asphaltmixer
Bitumenboiler The machine usedfor
supplyhotbitumenatthe
requiredtemprature ina
continuoussystemis
knownas bitumenboiler
For RigidPavement
Name of
Equipment
Activity Snap

7. Concrete mixer The machine which
isusedfor mixingof
materialslike
aggregate,cement,
waterproperlyto
prepare concrete
mixture isknownas
concrete mixer.
Concrete paver The machine which
isusedto lay the
concrete on the
road or to making
the road’s wearing
surface withproper
compaction&
finishingisknownas
concrete paver.
Vibrators Concrete vibrators
consolidate freshly
pouredconcrete so
that trappedair and
excesswaterare
releasedandthe
concrete settles
firmlyinplace inthe
formwork.
Concrete Plant A concrete plant,
alsoknownas a
batch plant,isa
device that
combines various
ingredientstoform
concrete
Concrete spreader It isa type of
instrumentwhichis
usedto spreadthe
concrete byhand on
the surface when
freshlylaidonthe
road.

8. Concrete finisher It isthe equipment
whichisusedto
finishthe surface of
concrete to improve
itsstructural lookto
the pleasantis
knownas concrete
finisher.
Reference:
Site visit in Metro Multan
Reference Book
Book highway Engg. By Jagroop Singh
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