This document provides an overview of renewable energy sources. It begins with definitions of renewable energy and discusses the main types including hydropower, solar, geothermal, wind, and bioenergy. The advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy are then outlined. The document focuses on renewable energy in Egypt, describing Egypt's potential from solar, wind, biomass, and hydro sources. Specific Egyptian renewable energy projects and targets are mentioned. The document concludes with a references section listing sources consulted.

1. Prepared by ------- Eng / Ahmed Elsayed Samir
Submitted to ------- Dr/ Rowida Elmelegy
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2. 2

3. 1. The introduction.
2. What is the renewable energy ?
3. Different types of renewable energy.
4. Advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy.
5. Renewable energy in Egypt.
6. References .
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4. 4

5. THE INTRODUCTION
5
There are two numbers you need to know about
climate change. The first is 51 billion.
The other is zero.
Fifty-one billion is how many tons of greenhouse
gases the world typically adds to the atmosphere
every year. Although the figure may go up
or down a bit from year to year, it’s generally
increasing. This is where we are today.
Zero is what we need to aim for To stop the
warming and avoid the worst effects of climate change.

6. THE INTRODUCTION
6
Science the universe could not tolerate any
more Global Warming and climate change
this force us to choose between two ways
either go back to the old centuries and use
candles to lighting houses and animals on
transportation or find a new source of
energy that do no harm to the earth and
stop the climate change such like the
renewable energy which are more clean and
safe to use.

7. 7
So together we will walk on this presentation
through
• the definition of renewable energy.
• Different types of RESs.
• Advantages and disadvantages of
renewable energy.
• Renewable energy in Egypt.

8. 2-WHAT IS THE
RENEWABLE ENERGY
8

9. WHAT IS THE
RENEWABLE ENERGY
9
RESs can be defined as clean
sources of energy that minimizes
environmental impacts, produces
minimum or zero secondary wastes,
and is sustainable based on the
energetic, economic, and social
needs.

10. WHAT IS THE
RENEWABLE ENERGY
10
Renewable energy comes from
sources that can be replenished on a
human timescale, like
biomass, hydropower, geothermal,
wind, and solar power.
Like all energy sources, each
renewable energy technology has its
own advantages and disadvantages.

11. 3-DIFFERENT TYPES OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY.
11

12. A-HYDROPOWER
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Hydropower uses the energy from
moving water to power machines
or generate electricity. Used for
over two thousand years in water
mills, today hydropower is more
commonly associated with
electricity generation.
It is classified to many different
types like tidal energy ,waves and
water transition from high to low
levels.

13. A-HYDROPOWER
13
Hydroelectric power plants are
usually built inside dams. The
reservoir of water that collects
behind the dam provides a steady
supply of water, which passes
through giant turbines to generate
electricity.

14. B-SOLAR ENERGY
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The main energy source in our earth
is the sun radiation [1]. The solar
radiation amounts to
1.7 * 10E17 W; 34% will be reflected
back, 42% will be converted to
heat directly, 23% is stored in water
vapor, wind water waves consumes
about 1%, and plants consume
0.023%.
The photovoltaic (PV) system
converts the solar radiation into
electricity directly.

15. B-SOLAR ENERGY
15
Solar panels use the photovoltaic
effect to generate electricity
directly from sunlight.
The Sun’s heat can be used
directly to heat water or air,
or it can be concentrated to
boil water, driving steam
turbines that generate
electricity.

16. C-GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
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Geothermal energy is
harvested by drilling into
underground reservoirs of
steam or water heated by the
Earth like the western states
in USA.

17. C-GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
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 Geothermal energy comes
from the heat of the
Earth’s interior. Reservoirs
of steam or hot water with
temperatures higher than
about 225°F can generate
electricity.
 lower-temperature
geothermal fluids are often
used directly for heating
and other applications.

18. BIOENE
RGY
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Biomass is defined as all organic matter
that comes from trees, plants, crops and animals.
Thus, based on its origin, biomass can be
classified in 4 main groups:
1. Forest origin: includes wood, fuelwood, charcoal
and forest industry residues, i.e. residues from
logging operations (e.g., branches and leaves) and
residues
from processing operations (e.g., bark and
sawdust).
2. Agricultural origin: includes straw, husks and
other harvesting and processing residues (e.g.,
peels and shells) as well as agro-industrial residues
(e.g., sugar cane bagasse).

19. BIOENERGY
19
3. Animal origin: includes
livestock residues such as manure.
4. Energy crops: includes fast
growing tree species (e.g.,
eucalyptus) and short
rotation crops (e.g., miscanthus
and willow).Data reported by IEA
(2015) indicates that in 2013,
biomass provided roughly 10%
(about 50 EJ) of global primary
energy supply, where a significant
percentage (67%) of the biomass
contribution came from solid fuels
such as fuelwood and charcoal.

20. E-WIND
ENERGY
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Wind energy is harnessed by wind
turbines, which convert the energy
of the wind into electricity. Wind
energy is one of the largest sources
of renewable energy.

21. E-WIND
ENERGY
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The world’s first wind power
plant is he historic Brush wind
turbine generator, which
operated from 1888 to 1908 in
Cleveland, Ohio. It powered the
residence and laboratory of
Charles F. Brush, an inventor
and manufacturer of electrical
equipment
The historic Brush wind turbine generator,
which operated from 1888 to 1908 in Cleveland,
Ohio

22. ADVANTAGES
AND
DISADVANTAGE
S OF
RENEWABLE
ENERGY.
22

23. ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY.
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1-they are sustainable
(nondepletable)
2-ubiquitous (found
everywhere across the
world, in contrast to fossil
fuels and minerals).
3-Essentially
nonpolluting.

24. DISADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY.
24
1-Variability and low density
which in general results in
higher initial cost.
2-Perceived problems are
visual pollution.
3-Avian and bat mortality
with wind turbines.
4-Brine from geothermal
energy.

25. RENEWABLE
ENERGY IN EGYPT.
25

26. RENEWABLE ENERGY IN
EGYPT.
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Egypt possesses and
abundance of land, sunny
weather and high wind speeds,
making it a prime location for
renewable energy sources. The
renewable energy equipment
market is potentially worth
billions of dollars.

27. RENEWABLE ENERGY IN
EGYPT.
27
Egypt intends to increase the
supply of electricity generated
from renewable sources to 20%
by 2022 and 42% by 2035, with
wind providing 14 percent,
hydro power 2 percent, and solar
25 percent by 2035.

28. RENEWABLE ENERGY IN
EGYPT.
28
Solar energy
Egypt’s Solar Atlas states
that Egypt is considered a
“sun belt” country with
2,000 to 3,000kWh/m2/year
of direct solar radiation.
The sun shines 9-11 hours a
day from North to South in
Egypt, with few cloudy
days.

29. RENEWABLE ENERGY IN
EGYPT.
29
Solar energy
Solar RESs Like a 6 MWp
solar photovoltaic power
plant located at Dina Farms
in the Behera governorate,
80 km from the Egyptian
capital Cairo and Solar
Thermal Power Plant at
Kuraymat was built in
2011. It has a total installed
capacity of 140 MW.

30. RENEWABLE ENERGY IN
EGYPT.
30
Wind energy
Egypt enjoys excellent wind along
the Gulf of Suez with an average
wind speed of 10.5 m/sec, and Egypt
is just one of 38 countries in the
world with a published National
Wind Atlas.
Since 2001, a series of large-scale wind
farms have been established, with total
capacity of 1.2 GW, in cooperation with
Germany (KFW), Denmark (DANIDA),
Spain (Siemens Gamesa), and Japan
(JICA). Implementation of the Spanish
project in Jebel El Ziet took place in
2013.

31. RENEWABLE ENERGY IN
EGYPT.
31
Wind energy

32. RENEWABLE ENERGY IN
EGYPT.
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Biomass
Egypt produces millions of tons of
biomass waste every year, which
could contribute more than 151 PJ
(petajoules) of primary energy , but
nowadays these wastes are causing
pollution and health problems,in
consequence, the incorporation of
biomass with other renewable
energy sources will increase the
potential for solving energy and
environmental
problems.

33. RENEWABLE ENERGY IN
EGYPT.
33
Biomass
Biomass production in Egypt,
based on agricultural residues,
animal waste, sewage waste, and
solid waste. These could be used to
produce bioenergy, reducing fossil
fuel consumption and also
improving the environment as a
safe method of waste disposal.

34. RENEWABLE ENERGY IN
EGYPT.
34
Hydro energy
The main hydro resource in
Egypt is the River Nile, with the
highest potential in Aswan where
a series of power stations are
located totaling 2 800 MW, with
corresponding electric generation
of 13 545 GWh annually.
Hydroelectricity represented
almost 50% of the Egypt’s total
generated electricity in the 1960s
and 1970s.

35. RENEWABLE ENERGY IN
EGYPT.
35
Hydro energy
However, due to the increase in the
share of thermal power stations,
electricity from hydro resources
represented only 7.2% of the total
electricity generated in 2015/16.
An additional four hydroelectric
plants are being developed at Assiut
in Upper Egypt with a capacity of
32 MW, and are due to become
operational by late 2018.

36. REFEREN
CES
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37. REFERENCES
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1 – How to avoid A climate disaster, Bill Gates.
2 -Advances in Renewable Energies and Power Technologies, Imene
Yahyaoui.
3-www.americangeosciences.org/critical-issues/renewable-energy-
basics.
4-almalnews.com/1600%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9
%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A5%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%
D9%89%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8
4%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9
%89-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7/

38. REFERENCES
38
5-ENERGY FROM BIOMASS: TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENTS OF
SMALL-MEDIUM SCALE BIOMASS CONVERSION SYSTEM BY
Luis Leonardo Cutz ljchajchal.
6-WIND ENERGY HANDBOOK. JOHN WILEY & SONS, LTD.
7-ufmsecretariat.org/first-egyptian-renewable-project-spref.
8-www.privacyshield.gov/article?id=Egypt-Renewable-Energy.
9-Quantitative appraisal of biomass resources and their energy
potential in Egypt, Elsevier.

39. REFERENCES
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10-Renewable Energy Outlook: Egypt
11- Introduction to renewable energy by Vaughn Nelson .
12-Wind Turbine Technology- Fundamental Concepts in Wind Turbine
Engineering, Second Edition by DAVID A SPERA