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Introduction to STIs
- 1. Module 1: STI Awareness and Prevention Unit 1: Introduction to STIs and RTIs
- 2. Learning Outcomes Explain what STIs/RTIs are and why they are important By the end of this unit, you will be able to: Describe how STIs/RTIs present and outline the clinical impact of STIs Summarize why good clinical practice is needed
- 4. Curable STIs Reproductive tract infections Transmitted through sexual contact What are STIs? Gonorrhoea Chlamydia Syphilis Trichomoniasis
- 5. STIs and Global Ill-Health 82 million cases of gonorrhoea 129 million cases of chlamydia 7 million cases of syphilis 417 million cases of HSV-2 291 million cases of HPV 156 million cases of trichomonas
- 6. What are RTIs? Common RTIs are not spread by sexual contact. bacterial vaginosis Overgrowth of microorganisms yeast infections Poor infection prevention management of pregnancy complications
- 7. Challenges for Reproductive Health Symptoms Symptoms
- 8. Comparing STIs and RTIs Sexually transmitted Affect men and women Not spread by sexual contact Affect women RTIs STIs
- 9. Endogenous Infection yeast infection Overgrowth of endogenous microorganisms bacterial vaginosis
- 10. STIs can also be transmitted through unscreened blood products and from mother to child. Organisms from outside the body can also be introduced into the upper genital tract during medical procedures if infection control is poor. Endogenous organisms from the vagina may be pushed into the upper genital tract during transcervical procedures. Iatrogenic Infection
- 11. Comparing STIs and RTIs RTIs STIs
- 12. Clinical Consequences of STIs More common More severe
- 13. Maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality Congenital and neonatal infection Impact on Women STIs are among the most important causes of illness for women in poor regions of the world. Most of this is concentrated in low-income populations.
- 14. preterm birth pre-labour rupture of membranes stillbirth miscarriage ectopic pregnancy pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Adverse Outcomes Adverse clinical outcomes Adverse pregnancy outcomes STIs also increase the risk of HIV transmission, can cause cervical cancer, and are a major cause of congenital and neonatal infection.
- 15. Impact on Pregnancy Outcomes Preterm labour Pre-labour rupture of membranes Stillbirth Late spontaneous abortion STIs and RTIs may cause poor pregnancy outcomes
- 16. Impact on Newborns Congenital infection can cause blindness, disability and death of the newborn.
- 17. STIs and Fertility e.g. epididymitis and urethal scarring e.g. untreated pelvic inflammatory infections
- 18. The Need for Good Clinical Practice Good clinical practice is key to preventing bacterial resistance to currently effective antibiotics.
- 19. Challenges to STI Services Asymptomatic or mild symptoms Fear of stigma or judgemental health services Condition not properly diagnosed and treated
- 20. Provide appropriate care Minimize stigma Challenges to STI Services STIs RTIs
- 21. Prevention of STIs and RTIs 1 Prevention of STIs/RTIs and their complications requires a common approach within SRH services. 2 The clinical appearance of STIs and RTIs overlaps. 3 In reproductive health settings, non-sexually transmitted RTIs are usually more common than STIs.
- 22. Stigma STIs RTIs Labelling a condition as sexually transmitted may be inaccurate and have serious social consequences.
- 23. Importance of Accurate Diagnosis STIs RTIs The health practitioner should pay close attention to accurate clinical management of these clinical issues, particularly in pregnant women.
- 24. Summary STIs are a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality So to conclude: But many people with an STI do not seek treatment This results in only a small proportion of people with an STI being cured, avoiding reinfection and further transmission.
- 25. Provide appropriate care Minimize stigma Approaches to STI/RTI Management STIs RTIs
- 26. Aim of Course Prevention Detection Treatment Cure
- 27. You have now completed Unit 1, Introduction to STIs and RTIs. In the next unit, we will look at how to detect and manage STIs.