AIDS HIV Prevention of hiv and aids

1. PREVENTION
OF HIV/AIDS
Name : Sneha Kumari
Roll: 30
Class: FYBFM
Sub: Foundation Course I
Div: A
PRN no. : 2021300647

2. 01
TABLE OF CONTENTS
03
HIVS & AIDS
06 SUMMARY
1. STRUCTURE OF HIV
02
WHAT IS HIV?
05 TREATMENT
WHAT IS AIDS? 1. TYPES OF PREVENTIONS
2. PREVENTIONS METHOD
04
PREVENTION
1. AIDS IN INDIA
2. ROUTES OF TRANSMISSION
3. CAUSES/CONTRIBUTORS OF HIV
RISK
4. SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE

3. WHAT IS AIDS ?
● Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
● Fatal illness
● Caused by a retrovirus HIV
● It breaks down the body's immune system, leaving the
patient vulnerable to a host of life threatening opportunistic
infections, neurological disorders or unusual malignancies.
01

4. WHAT IS HIV ?
● Human Immunodeficiency Virus
● H = Infects only Human beings
● I = Immunodeficiency virus weakens the immune
system and increases the risk of infection
● V = Virus that attacks the body
02

5. STRUCTURE OF HIV

6. HIV AND AIDS
● When the immune system becomes weakened by HIV, the illness
progresses to AIDS •
● Some blood tests, symptoms or certain infections indicate progression of
HIV to AIDS.
● In 1981- AIDS was recognized as separate disease.
“The greatest single public health challenge that humanity has ever faced.”
-Dr. Robert Lue, Harvard University
03

7. AIDS IN INDIA

8. Routes of Transmission of HIV
Through blood stream: 1. Open Cuts Breaks in the skin
2. Mucous membranes
3. Direct injection
Sexual Contact: 1. Male-to-male
2. Male-to-female or vice versa
3. Female-to-female
Blood Exposure: Injecting drug use/needle sharing Occupational exposure
Transfusion of blood products.
Perinatal: Transmission from mother to baby Breastfeeding.
Occupational Transmission: Health care worker/ hospital staff Laboratory
workers.
Other routes: Organ transplantation Artificial insemination Needle-prick.

9. Causes/Contributors of HIV Risk
Macro Level
Racism, Stigma, Poverty, Gender Inequality, Migration
Structural Level
Resource Availability
Physical Environment
Organizational Systems
Laws/Policies
Community Level
Community Norms
Social Networks
Social Capital/Collective
Efficacy
Relationships
Individual Level
Behavior
Attitudes
Knowledge
Perceptions
Biology
Individual Susceptibility

10. Night sweating
Loss of weight
SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE
Loss of appetite
Tiredness or fatigue with little work
Diarrhoea for more than a week
Enlarged lymph glands
Prolong dry cough
Shortness of breathing

11. PREVENTIONS
04

12. TYPES OF PREVENTIONS
Primary HIV
prevention refers to
activity focused on
preventing
uninfected people
becoming infected.
PRIMARY SECONDARY
Tertiary HIV prevention
aims to minimise the
effects of ill–health
experienced by someone
who is symptomatic with
HIV disease (e.g. the
prophylactic use of drugs
and complementary
therapies ).
TERTIARY
Secondary HIV
prevention aimed at
enabling people with
HIV to stay well (e.g.
testing to allow people
to know their status;
welfare rights advice;
lifestyle behaviour ;
anti–discriminatory
lobbying).

13. PREVENTION
1. Avoid multiple partners
One should avoid visiting
prostitutes, sex workers etc. It calls for a check or control on
infidelity of spouses. The married partners should avoid
multiple partners, otherwise they may contact AIDS.
2. Safe sex
It refers to sexual activities which do not involve
any blood or sexual fluid from one person getting into another
person’s body. It emphasizes on the use of condoms while
having sexual intercourse with an infected partner.

14. 3. Use sterile needles each time for injection
Never share injecting equipment.Clean equipment before use.
4. Avoid unnecessary blood transfusions
One should avoid unnecessary blood transfusion if possible.
5. Get tested for HIV
Talk to your partner about HIV testing and get tested before
you have sex. Use the GetTested locator from the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to find an HIV testing
location near you.
PREVENTION

15. 6. Get tested and treated for STDs
Insist that your partners get tested and treated, too. Having an STD can
increase your risk of getting HIV or spreading it to others.
7. All pregnant women should be tested for HIV
To avoid any infection or transmission of HIV to the baby mother should
always get tested. Women with HIVs should avoid unintended pregnancies.
8. School based Education Programme
Most countries are seeking to develop school-based AIDS education as a
part of their AIDS Prevention Programme. Knowledge about how HIV/AIDS is
transmitted can be given through school curriculum. Programmes based on
HIV/AIDS prevention should be organized by the schools.
7. Use standard work precautions – hand hygiene, personal protective
gear & Proper disposal of biomedical waste are some other preventions.
PREVENTION

16. Highly Active Antiretroviral
Therapy which is known as
HAART.
HAART tries to reduce the virus level from
the blood with three
important drugs they are as follows:
1. Anti-retroviral Drugs
2. Fusion Inhibitors:- T-20
3. New Treatments
TREATMENT 05

17. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is a disease
caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus and is
characterized by marked Immunosuppression.
The mode of transmission is by sexual contact, blood
transfusions, needle prick injury or from mother to
child.
About 5-10 % percent of the infected appear to escape
clinical AIDS for 15 years or more.They have been ‘long
term survivors” or “ long term non progressors”.
ELISA is the method most commonly employed for
the screening purpose and western Blotting is used
for the confirmation of the diagnosis.
Treatment is imparted simply to check the
progression of the disease, there is no cure of AIDS
and there is no vaccine available for prophylaxis of
this disease.
Summary
06

18. “HIV from being a VIRTUAL DEATH
SENTENCE has been brought down to
being a CHRONIC MANAGEABLE
DISEASE”

19. THANK YOU !