Bio about max plank's

1. MAX PLANCK
Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck was born in Kiel, Germany, onApril 23,
1858, the son of JuliusWilhelm and Emma Planck. His father was
Professor of Constitutional Law in the University of Kiel, and later in
Göttingen.

2. Educational life
▪ Planck studied at the Universities of Munich and Berlin, where his
teachers included Kirchhoff and Helmholtz, and received his
doctorate of philosophy at Munich in 1879.
▪ He was Privatdozent in Munich from 1880 to 1885, then Associate
Professor ofTheoretical Physics at Kiel until 1889, in which year he
succeeded Kirchhoff as Professor at Berlin University, where he
remained until his retirement in 1926.
▪ Afterwards he became President of the KaiserWilhelm Society for
the Promotion of Science, a post he held until 1937.The Prussian
Academy of Sciences appointed him a m ember in 1894 and
Permanent Secretary in 1912.

3. Notable Contribution
▪ PLANCK’S Constant
▪ QuantumTheory
▪ Black Body Radiation(Planck Relation law)

4. PLANCK’S Constant
It is denoted by letter “h ”
Planck’s constant entered physics in 1900 as a result of Max Planck’s attempts
to provide a theoretical explanation for the empirically discovered laws of
blackbody radiation.1 He found that Wien’s heuristic approximation and
existing observations could be reproduced if one adopted the concept that
matter was a collection of discrete harmonic oscillators that obeyed an energy
frequency law of the form:
E = hν
for the emitted electromagnetic radiation.
ORIGIN

5. Significance of the value
The Planck constant is related to the quantization of light and matter. It can be seen as a
subatomic-scale constant. In a unit system adapted to subatomic scales, the electronvolt is
the appropriate unit of energy and the petahertz the appropriate unit of frequency.Atomic
unit systems are based (in part) on the Planck constant.
Value of Planck constant
The Planck constant has dimensions of physical action; i.e., energy multiplied by time, or
momentum multiplied by distance, or angular momentum. In SI units, the Planck
constant is expressed in joule-seconds (J⋅s or N⋅m⋅s or kg⋅m2⋅s−1)
The value of the Planck constant is:
h=6.626070x10-34
J-s

6. Application
Planck’s constant is used to measure the energy of photon,wavelength
and frequency.
• The Planck–Einstein relation connects the particular photon energy E
with its associated wave frequency f:
E=hf
This energy is extremely small in terms of ordinarily perceived everyday
objects.
Since the frequency f, wavelength λ, and speed of light c are related by
f=c/𝜆 the relation can also be expressed as
E=hc/𝜆

7. Planck Radiation law
▪ Planck’s radiation law, a mathematical relationship formulated to
explain the spectral-energy distribution of radiation emitted by a
blackbody (a hypothetical body that completely absorbs all radiant
energy falling upon it, reaches some equilibrium temperature, and
then reemits that energy as quickly as it absorbs it). Planck assumed
that the sources of radiation are atoms in a state of oscillation and
that the vibrational energy of each oscillator may have any of a series
of discrete values but never any value between. Planck further
assumed that when an oscillator changes from a state of energy E1 to
a state of lower energy E2, the discrete amount of energy E1 − E2, or
quantum of radiation, is equal to the product of the frequency of the
radiation, symbolized by the Greek letter ν and a constant h, now
called Planck’s constant, that he determined from blackbody
radiation data; i.e., E1 − E2 = hν.

8. Quantum theory
▪ The quantum hypothesis, first suggested by Max Planck (1858–1947) in
1900, postulates that light energy can only be emitted and absorbed in
discrete bundles called quanta. Planck came up with the idea when
attempting to explain blackbody radiation, work that provided the
foundation for his quantum theory.
▪ Planck found that the vibrational energy of atoms in a solid is not
continuous but has only discrete (distinct) values. Light energy is
determined by its frequency of vibration, f. Energy, E, is described by the
equation: E = nhf, where n is an integer and h is Planck's constant, equal to
6.626068 × 10−34 Joule-second (J-s).
▪ Planck published his theory “On the Law of Distribution of Energy in the
Normal Spectrum” in the German journal Annalen der Physikm, stating:
“Moreover, it is necessary to interpret UN ‘the total energy of a blackbody
radiator’ not as a continuous, infinitely divisible quantity, but as a discrete
quantity composed of an integral number of finite equal parts.”