The document describes various laboratory equipment used for microbiology experiments, including their uses and sterilization methods. Some key equipment are autoclaves for sterilizing media at 121°C, BOD incubators for microbial growth at 26-28°C, laminar airflow hoods for aseptic techniques, hot air ovens for sterilizing glassware at 160-180°C, and refrigerators for long-term microbial storage below 4°C. Common labware like beakers, flasks, petri dishes and test tubes are sterilized indirectly in hot air ovens, while tools like inoculating needles are sterilized directly at 200°C.

1. Autoclave
• Use- for the sterilization of culture media like Potato Dextrose Agar
media and Nutrient agar media
• Temp required-121 degree celcius.
• Pressure-15 LBS.
• Time-15 min.
• Principle involved-Temperature is directley proportional to
Pressure

2. B.O.D. Incubator
• Use-It provides aseptic or fevorable condtion for the
growth of Microorganism
• Temp-26 -28 degree celcius

3. Laminar air
flow
• Use- 1)it provides aseptic or microorganism free environmnt
condition.2) Pouring or transfer of media from conical flask to
petrish.3)Isolation of fungi and bacteria.
• Light used- U.V.LIGHT
• Filtre used-HEPA filtre.
• Efficiency of filtre-99.99%

4. HOT AIR OVEN
• Use-for sterilization of glasswares like
petridish,conical flask,beaker etc.
• Temp-160 degree celcius for 2 hrs.and 180 degree
celcius for 1 hrs.

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• Use-for the long term preservation of fungal and
bacterial culture.
• Temp-below 4 degree cel.
• Gas involved- Chlorofluro carbon (CFC) or Freon.
Refrigerator

6. BEAKER
• Use-used for holding and measuring liquid and
chemicals.
• Temp. required for sterilization-160-180 degree cel.
• Temp. required for sterilization- 1 to 2 hrs
• Method of sterilization- Indirect heat method

7. CONICAL FLASK
• Use-used for holding and measuring liquid and
media.
• Temp. required for sterilization-160-180 degree cel.
• Time. required for sterilization- 1 to 2 hrs
• Method of sterilization- Indirect heat method

8. PETRIDISH
• Use-used for Pour and hold growth medium.
• Temp. required for sterilization-160-180 degree
cel.
• Temp. required for sterilization- 1 to 2 hrs
• Method of sterilization- Indirect heat method

9. Measuring cylinder
• Use-used for holding and measuring liquid (water).
• Temp. required for sterilization-160-180 degree cel.
• Time. required for sterilization- 1 to 2 hrs
• Method of sterilization- Indirect heat method

10. TEST TUBE
• Use-used for preparation slant and stab of
microorganism
• Temp. required for sterilization-160-180 degree cel.
• Temp. required for sterilization- 1 to 2 hrs
• Method of sterilization- Indirect heat method

11. CORK BORER
• Use-for transfer of fungal or bacterial disc from
one petridish to another petridish
• Temp. required for sterilization- 200 degree cel.
• Temp. required for sterilization- 10 to 20 seconds
• Method of sterilization- Direct heat method

12. FORECEP
• Use-for transfer of fungal or bacterial sample from one
petridish to other petridish
• Temp. required for sterilization- 200 degree cel.
• Temp. required for sterilization- 10 to 20 seconds
• Method of sterilization- Direct heat method

13. STERILE BLADE
• Use-for to cut the infected portion of plant and to
detach the root nodule of leguminous plant.
• Temp. required for sterilization- 200 degree cel.
• Temp. required for sterilization- 10 to 20 seconds
• Method of sterilization- Direct heat method

14. INNOCULATING NEEDLE
• Use-for transfer of fungal or bacterial sampleor
disc from one petridish to another petridish
• Temp. required for sterilization- 200 degree cel.
• Temp. required for sterilization- 10 to 20 seconds
• Method of sterilization- Direct heat method

15. BACTERIAL NEEDLE
• Use-for transfer of fungal or bacterial disc from one
petridish to another petridish
• Temp. required for sterilization- 200 degree cel.
• Temp. required for sterilization- 10 to 20 seconds
• Method of sterilization- Direct heat method

16. SPATULLA
• Use-To take the chemical substances like agar-
agar,dextrose,peptone etc.
• Temp. required for sterilization- 200 degree cel.
• Temp. required for sterilization- 10 to 20
seconds
• Method of sterilization- Indirect heat method

17. TEST TUBE STAND
• Use-To hold the test tube in vertical
position

18. FORMALDEHYDE
• Use- 1) Preservation of disease speciman (fungal
and bacterial speciman).
2) For sterilization of soil and other surfaces.
• Concentration used-4%

19. SPIRIT LAMP
• Use-
• For the sterilization of different metals like inoculating
and bacterial needle,forceps,cork borer etc.
• Temp. required for sterilization-200 degree celcius.

20. COMPUND MICROSCOPE
• Use-To magnify the original image of
object.
• Scientist who discoverd- Robert Hook

21. HAND LENSE
(SIMPLE MICROSCOPE)
• Use-To magnify the original image of object.
• Scientist who discoverd- Anton Van Leeuvenhook

22. AGAR-AGAR POWDER
• Use- as solidifying agent in media
prepration.
• quantity required - 20gm/lit of water.
• Prepared from-Geladium species (Red
algae,sea weed)

23. DEXTROSE POWDER
• Use- as source of Carbohydrates and
carbon for fungi.
• quantity required - 20gm/lit of water.

24. PEPTONE POWDER
• Use- as source of Nitrogen for bacteria
• quantity required - 20gm/lit of water.

25. COTTON PLUG
Use-To plug the conical flak,slant and stab
to avoid contamination

26. SLANT
Use- It provides more or maximum surface area
for the growth of microorganism like fungi and
bacteria.
Angle to ground level-45 degree cel.

27. STAB
• Use- It provides less or minimum surface area for
the growth of microorganism like fungi and
bacteria.
• Angle to ground level-90 degree cel.

28. N.A.MEDIA N.A.BROTH

30. 1.PDA Media 2. PDA broth