This document discusses the history and key aspects of different classification systems for living organisms, including: - The original two-kingdom system proposed by Carolus Linnaeus separating organisms into Animalia and Plantae. - Ernst Haeckel's three-kingdom system adding Protista. - Robert Whittaker's five-kingdom system including Prokaryotae, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. The text provides details on the defining characteristics of each kingdom.

1. BIOLOGY
BY (SAMIA
ARIF)

2. KINDOM
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

3. HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
MANY SCIENTISTS PURPOSED DIFFERETNT VIEWS ABOUT
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM LIKE
• TWO KINDOM CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM BY CAROLUS LINNAEUS IN
1735.
• THREE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM ERNST HAECKEL IN
1806.
• FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM BY ROBERT H. WHITTAKER
IN 1969.

4. TWO KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
HE CLASSIFIED ALL LIVING ORGANISMS INTO TWO KINGDOMS –
ON THE BASIS OF NUTRITION AND LOCOMOTION (MOBILITY).
CAROLUS LINNAEUS DISTINGUISHED TWO KINGDOMS OF LIVING
THINGS
• KINGDOM ANIMALIA
• KINGDOM PLANTAE

5. KINGDOM ANIMALIA
IT IS KINGDOM FOR ANIMALS ON THE BASE OF THEIR
NUTRITION.

6. KINGDOM PLANTAE
IT IS THE KINGDOM FOR PLANTS

7. THREE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
ERNEST HAECKEL PURPOSED THREE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM
1. KINGDOM ANIMALIA (FOR ANIMALS)
2. KINGDOM PLANTAE (FOR PLANTS)
3. KINGDOM PROTISTA

8. KINGDOM PROTOCTISTA
• IT INCLUDE ALL PROTISES

9. FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
THIS KINGDOM PURPOSED BY ROBERT H. WHITTAKER IN 1969.
• KINGDOM PROKARYOTAE (MONERA)
• KINGDOM PROTOCTISTA (PROTISTA)
• KINGDOM FUNGI
• KINGDOM PLANTAE
• KINGDOM ANIMALIA

11. KINGDOM PROKARYOTAE
• UNICELLULAR AND MICROSCOPIC.
• NON-MEMBRANE BOUND (NO NUCLEAR MEMBRANE, NO ER, NO
MITOCHONDIA).
• CELL WALL MADE OF MUREIN (PEPTIDOGLYCAN)
EXAMPLE
BACTERIA OR CYANOBACTERIA (PHOTOSYNTHESISING BACTERIA).

13. KINGDOM PROTOCTISTA
• MAINLY SMALL EUKARYOTIC ORGANISMS.
• MANY LIVE IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS.
• THIS IS USUALLY THE KINGDOM WHERE ORGANISMS WHICH
AREN’T ANIMALS, PLANTS OR FUNGI GO.
EXAMPLE
ALGAE, SLIME MOULDS AND THE MALARIA CAUSING PLASMODIUM

14. SLIME MOULD

15. KINGDOM FUNGI
• EUKARYOTIC
• MULTICELLULAR
• CELL WALL MADE OF CHITIN.
• THE MEMBERS OF THIS KINGDOM DON’T POSSESS
PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS AND ARE
THEREFORE HETEROTROPHIC
EXAMPLE
MUSHROOM, MOLD, PUFFBALL

16. PUFFBALL

17. KINGDOM PLANTAE
• EUKARYOTIC
• MULTICELLULAR
• CELL WALL MADE OF CELLULOSE.
• MEMBERS OF THE PLANTAE GROUP CONTAIN PHOTOSYNTHETIC
PIGMENT AND GAIN THEIR ENERGY THROUGH IT AND ARE
THEREFORE AUTOTROPHIC

19. KINGDOM ANIMALIA
• EUKARYOTIC
• MULTICELLULAR
• HETEROTROPIC
• THE MEMBERS OF THIS KINGDOM CAN BE SPLIT INTO TWO
GROUPS, VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES. THE DIAGRAM
BELOW SHOWS THE DIFFERENT SUBSECTIONS OF THE ANIMALIA