2. Contents
Introductory Expression
Introducing the first set of data
Introducing the second set of data
Introducing the first major trend
Introducing lesser trends
Exceptions to the main trend
Comparing and contrasting
Concluding and summarizing
4. What + Where + When
The line graph illustrates the annual
eating habit of junk food by Australian
young people between 1975 and 2000.
5. It is clear from the graph/table...
It can be seen from the graph/table...
As the graph/table shows,...
As can be seen from the graph/table,...
As is shown by the graph/table,...
As is illustrated by the graph/table,...
From the graph/table it is clear....
Phrases for Main body
6. Beginning with the…
To begin with the…
It can be begun by describing the…
Introducing the first set of data
7. Introducing the second set of data
Meanwhile, the… shows that…
As for the… , it shows that…
Turning to the… , it can be seen that…
8. Introducing the first major trend
First of all, it is clear that…
Most noticeably of all, it can be seen
that..
The first result worth pointing out is
that…
10. Exceptions to the main trend
However, this was not always the case.
However, it should be pointed out that…
There was one noticeable exception,
however.
11. Comparing and contrasting
Similarly, … / By contrast…
A similar trend can be observed in…
The results for… , however, reveal a
markedly different trend.
12. Concluding and summarizing
To conclude,
In summary,
In short,
Overall,
On the whole,
The main thing that can be
observed here is that…
16. It concerns, it is in
regards to
Obtain
Omit
Oppose
Permit
Postpone
Release
Represent
Require
Retain
Substitute
Undermine
It’s about
Get
Leave out
Go against
Let
Put off
Free
Stand for
Need to
keep
Fill in
Block
Formal and Informal Words
19. 1. As soon as possible
2. Finally
3. Furthermore/moreover
4. However
5. In addition, additionally
6. In conclusion
7. Nevertheless,
nonetheless
8. Therefore/ thus
9. To summarize
1. ASAP
2. In the end
3. Also/plus
4. But
5. Also
6. To sum up
7. Anyway
8. So
9. well
Formal and Informal Words
20. The line graph below shows changes in the
amount and type of fast food consumed by
Australian teenagers from 1975 to 2000.
MIND MAPPING
29. Answer
The given line graph illustrates the junk
food eating habit by the Australian young
people between 1971 and 2000. Overall, as
is seen; over the period the fish and chips
popularity decreased considerably whereas
hamburgers and pizza became more
acceptable to them.
30. Continue….
With respect to the graph, in the year of
1975 the fish and chips were liked most
by the teenagers and it was eaten 100
times in a year. After that, it showed a
downward trend that continued till 1980.
Additionally, again it bounced back
steadily and in the year of 1985 it was
consumed just a little above 90 times.
However, since then it dipped constantly
until 2000.
31. Continue…..
By contrast, as is appeared; in 1975
pizza and hamburgers were little popular
among the young Australian people and
were eaten nearly about 5 and10 times
respectively. Nevertheless, from 1975
hamburgers’ acceptability boomed
significantly while pizza also
demonstrated a sharp upward trend. In
addition, it can be noticed that right
after the 1985; hamburgers exceeded
32. Continue….
Most importantly, from the graph it is
clear that in 1995 hamburgers hit the
highest position and was consumed
100 times whilst pizza was entertained
by the Australian teenagers
approximately 85 times. Moreover,
Pizza and hamburgers remained stable
for the next 5 years.