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2. A complete computer system consists of four parts:
● Hardware: Hardware represents the physical
and tangible components of the computer.
● Software: Software is a set of electronic
instructions consisting of complex codes
(Programs) that make the computer perform
tasks.
● User: The computer operators are known as
users.
● Data: Consists of raw facts, which the
computer stores and reads in the form of
numbers.
3. The following features characterize this electronic
machine:
● Speed
● Accuracy
● Storage and Retrieval
● Repeated Processing Capabilities
● Reliability
● Flexibility
● Low cost
4. Digital Computers
● These computers take the input in the form of digits & alphabets & converted it into binary format.
● Digital computers are high speed, programmable electronic devices.
● Signals are two level of (0 for low/off 1 for high/on).
● Accuracy unlimited.
● Examples: Computer used for the purpose of business and education is also an example of digital
computers.
5. Hybrid Computer
● The combination of
features of an
analog and digital
computer is called
a Hybrid computer.
● The main examples
are central national
defence and
passenger flight
radar system.
● They are also used
to control robots.
6. Supercomputer
The biggest in size.
Most Expensive
It can process trillions of instructions
in seconds.
This computer is not used as a PC
in a home neither by a student in
a college.
Used by Govt. for different
calculations and heavy jobs.
Supercomputers are used for the
heavy stuff like weather maps,
construction of atom bombs,
earthquake prediction etc.
7. These three steps constitute the data processing cycle.
● Input -Input data is prepared in some convenient form for processing. The form will depend on
the processing machine. For example, when electronic computers are used, the input data could
be recorded on any one of several types of input medium, such as magnetic disks, tapes and so
on.
● Processing - In this step input data is changed to produce data in a more useful form. For
example, paychecks may be calculated from the time cards, or a summary of sales for the month
may be calculated from the sales orders.
● Output - The result of the proceeding processing step are collected. The particular form of the
output data depends on the use of the data. For example, output data may be pay-checks for
employees.