Sustainability in Textiles, Eco - Fashion, Bio Mimicry, Kyoto Protocol, Green Procurement, LCA, Eco Testing of Textiles, Use of Natural Dyes, Green Composites, Sustainable Fashion Trends

1. SUSTAINABILITY IN
TEXTILES
Presented by –
Abhiniti Garg & Padmaja Miriyala

2. SUSTAINABLE
TEXTILE

3. Introduction to Sustainable
Design and Sustainability
Environmental sustainability is not just
about protecting the environment; it is
also about restoring the environment for
future generations and has found its
roots in every constituency of the
functioning of a business.

4. Eco-fashion
• Eco-fashion clothing can be made with
biodegradable or recycled materials.
Alternatively, they can be made with
organically grown cotton and corn fiber or
using eco-friendly production processes
such as natural dyes.
• These eco-fashions support the principle of
sustainable development by having
minimum impact on the environment while
making use of eco-labels and recycled
materials in their processes; and by
minimizing waste.
• A good example of eco-fashions is RESTORE
Clothing, a company that produces active
wear using recycled material.

5. Sustainable Textiles
Sustainable textiles are those produced in ethically responsible ways.
Versatile cotton
Alternatives – Hemp,
Nettles, and Lotus
Leather Alternatives –
Apples, Mushrooms,
and Pineapples
(Pinatex)
Breakfast staples –
Coffee and Bananas
Unusual Alternatives -
Kapok, Kelp and Squid
genes

7. Bio Mimicry
• Biomimicry is an approach to innovation that seeks sustainable
solutions to human challenges by emulating nature’s time-tested
patterns and strategies.
• The goal is to create products, processes, and policies—new ways of
living—that are well-adapted to life on earth over the long haul.

8. Architecture
We generally think of termites as
destroying buildings, not helping design
them.
But the Eastgate Building, an office
complex in Harare, Zimbabwe, has an
internal climate control system originally
inspired by the structure of termite
mounds.
Learning from termites how to create sustainable buildings

9. Communication
Learning from dolphins how to send signals underwater
Tsunami waves dozens of feet
high when they reach shore may
only be tens of centimeters high
as they travel through the deep
ocean.
In order to reliably detect them
and warn people before they
reach land, sensitive pressure
sensors must be located
underneath passing waves in
waters as deep as 6000 meters.

10. Transport
Learning from kingfishers how to break through boundaries
Eiji Nakatsu, the Shinkansen 500 train’s chief
engineer and an avid bird-watcher, asked
himself, “Is there something in Nature that
travels quickly and smoothly between two
very different mediums?” Modeling the
front-end of the train after the beak of
kingfishers, which dive from the air into
bodies of water with very little splash to
catch fish, resulted not only in a quieter
train, but 15% less electricity use even while
the train travels 10% faster.

11. Medicine
Learning from mosquitos to create “a nicer needle”
Have you ever noticed a mosquito
bite (or two or three) that seemingly
appeared out of nowhere? It turns
out that the tip of the mosquito’s
mouth is composed of several
moving parts that work into skin with
the minimum of fuss–and the
minimum of pain.

12. SUSTAINABILITY &
ECO-DESIGN

13. Product Life Cycle
It describes the stages a product goes through from when it was first thought of
until it finally is removed from the market. Not all products reach this final stage.
Some continue to grow and others rise and fall.
R&D
before
Sales
STAGES OF PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE

14. KYOTO PROTOCOL
• The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement, linked to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change, which commits its Parties by setting
internationally binding emission reduction targets. It aims to reduce carbon
footprint i.e. reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the presence of
greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere.
• The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and
entered into force on 16 February 2005.
• For example, when the agreement was finalized European Union (EU) members
had a target of reducing emissions by 8% by 2012; the United States had a
reduction target of 7%, and Canada's target was 6%

15. • The Protocol separated countries into two
groups: Annex I contained developed nations,
and Non-Annex I referred to developing
countries.
• The Protocol placed emission limitations on
Annex I countries only. Non-Annex I nations
participated by investing in projects designed
to lower emissions in their countries.
• For these projects, developing countries
earned carbon credits, which they could trade
or sell to developed countries, allowing the
developed nations a higher level of maximum
carbon emissions for that period.
• In effect, this function helped the developed
countries to continue emitting GHG
vigorously.

16. Ethics and Green Procurement
(Drivers of Environmental Sourcing
and Sustainability)
• Known as green or environmental purchasing, green procurement compares
price, technology, quality and the environmental impact of the product, service
or contract.
• Green products or services utilise fewer resources, are designed to last longer
and minimise their impact on the environment from cradle to grave.
• Green procurement policies and programs can reduce expenditure and waste;
increase resource efficiency; and influence production, markets, prices, available
services and organisational behaviour.

17. Example Ikea
• Ikea, a furniture and household goods retailer, has implemented a code of
conduct for its 2,000 suppliers.
• The code of conduct focuses on environmental impact and working conditions.
An external body verifies information submitted by suppliers. If suppliers do not
meet the code, they are requested to remedy the situation and if suppliers
continually breach the code, they can be removed from Ikea's suppliers list.
• The code includes a list of supplier do’s (waste and emission reductions, handling,
storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals, recycling, etc) and dont’s (use of
chemical compounds and substances banned or restricted by Ikea and source of
wood).

18. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
identifies, quantifies and evaluates
the environmental impacts (inputs
and outputs) of a product, service
or activity, from cradle to grave.
That is, the environmental impacts
of all phases of the product's life are
assessed, from the time materials
are extracted through manufacture,
transportation, storage, use,
recovery, reuse and disposal.

19. Basic steps in LCA
Goal & scope
definition
• Defines the purpose of the LCA, identifies assumptions and boundaries and defines the
scope (that is, what processes, elements and activities associated with the
product/process/activity will be assessed).
Analysis
• The impacts of energy, materials, emissions, etc are identified, classified and quantified.
An inventory table listing all environmental impacts is one outcome of this process.
Assessment
• The environmental impacts of the product/process/activity are assessed.
Interpretation
• The results are interpreted or evaluated. Opportunities for environmental improvement
identified and value judgments made. Products/services/activities are compared

20. Eco Testing of Textiles
Eco Testing of Textiles is the term for tests that
examine and assess the properties of textiles that
might pose threat to consumers or the
environment.
It is necessary because –
• Corporate Social Responsibility
• Protect consumers from harmful substances
• Protect factory workers from harmful substances
• Protect the environment and built a better world
for tomorrow
• Reduce production of harmful substances
• Encourage innovation for green materials
• Increase sales

21. Use of Natural Dye as
Sustainable Products
Natural dyes extract from a variety of the substance which occur in nature such as
plants (e.g., indigo and saffron); insects (e.g., cochineal beetles and lac scale
insects); animals (e.g., some species of mollusks or shellfish); and minerals (e.g.,
ferrous sulfate, ochre, and clay) without any chemical treatment
Classification
Substantive dyes: -The dyes,
which dye the fibre directly, are
classified as substantive dyes.
Example: Indigo, Turmeric,
Orchil.
Adjective dyes: - These dyes dye
the material only when it is
mordanted with metallic salt or
with addition of metallic salt to
the dye bath. Example:
Logwood, Madder, Cochineal,
Fustic

22. Natural indigo is obtained by fermenting the leaves of various
species of Indigofera, running off the liquor and oxidizing it to
precipitate the dye. The main ingredients of natural indigo are
Indigotin & Indirubin.
Blue
Dyes
Obtained from Barberry, Tesu flowers and Kamala. Other sources
of yellow dyes are Black oak, Turmeric, Weld and Himalayan
rhubarb.
Yellow
Dyes
The prominent among them are Madder, Manjeet,
Brazilwood/Sappan wood, Al or Morinda, Cochineal and Lac dye
Red
Dyes

23. Applications
• Natural dye obtained from plants such as Black carrot, Hibiscus, Delonix,
Plumeria, Combretum, Ixora, and Bischofia has been used for dying silk fabric.
• Celosia, Nerium, Hollyhock, Hibiscus mutabilis, Caryatia, Tegetus, Rambutan,
and Curcuma these plants are used for wool dying.
• Henna - It is a red-orange pigment that has been used for the coloration of
skin and hair as well as textile materials.
• Users of natural dyed fabrics have also found such fabrics to be mosquito
repellent and/or moth repellent.
• Textiles produced in Kerala, India by dyeing with herbs as per the traditional
Ayurvedic system of medicine and known as “Ayurvastra” have become very
popular as health and well-being textiles and Natural Dyes: Sources, Chemistry,
Application and Sustainability Issues 65 also as medicinal or curative textiles and
are being exported to various countries.

24. Development of Green Composites
Green composite combines plant fibres with natural resins to create natural
composite materials.
Common natural fibers used are: banana, Flax, Hemp, Bamboo, Aloe Vera,
Kenaf, Sisal, Coconut Coir, Rice Husk, Wheat Husk
A composite is a material made from two or more different materials
that, when combined, are stronger than those individual materials by
themselves; are typically designed with a particular use in mind, such as
added strength, efficiency or durability.
Why do we need green composites?
The resins and fibres used in the green composites are biodegradable, when they
dumped, decomposed by the action of microorganisms. They are converted into
the form of H2O and CO2. These H2O and CO2 are absorbed into the plant
systems.

25. Advantages of Green
Composites over Traditional
Composites
Less
expensive
Reduced
weight
Increased
flexibility
Renewable
resource
Sound
insulation
Friendly
processing
No skin
irritation

26. Disadvantages of Green
Composites over Traditional
Composites
Lower strength properties
(especially impact strength)
Good moisture absorption
causing swelling of fibres
Lower durability
Poor fire resistance and
irregular fibre lengths

27. Methods
of Manufacturing Composites
Filament
winding
Lay up
methods
Resin
transfer
moulding
Injection
moulding
Vacuum
bonding
Autoclave
bonding

28. Automobile Bio-medical
Construction Energy Sports &
Leisure
PackagingConsumer
Durables
Natural fibers such as flax, kenaf,
hemp, jute used in door panels,
headliners, package trays,
dashboards and trunk liners
Bamboo fibers
for floors, indoor
and outdoor
furniture, garden
furniture,
outdoor, doors
and windows
1.Mobile Phone
body made out
of kenaf fibers
2.Biofurniture
made of flax
fibers
Tissue engineering is to combine a biodegradable matrix
(scaffold), living cells, and/or biologically active molecules
to form a construct promoting the repair and
regeneration of the targeted tissue
Biodegradable
single use
packaging;
chopsticks
made of
natural fibers
From flax fiber
composites
for
Snowboard,
Ski-boards,
Toys, &
Musical
Instruments
Bamboo
wind
turbine
blades to
replace
glass fibers
in wind
blades
Applications

29. SUSTAINABLE
FASHION TRENDS

30. GRUNER KNOPF-’GREEN
BUTTON’
‘Green Button’-World’s first Government
sustainable textile standard-Germany
The label is awarded by the Federal
Ministry for Economic Cooperation and
Development (BMZ) to manufacturers
who have passed the required
examination procedure. The label
combines social and ecological standards
whose criteria and conditions are
determined by the government.

31. PINATEX
Piñatex® is a versatile natural textile, suitable for use as a leather alternative from
fashion to furnishing.
Being used for:
Footwear, accessories, home furnishing, apparel

32. ADIDAS PARLEY SHOES
This product is created with yarn made in
collaboration with Parley for the Oceans.
Some of the yarn features Parley Ocean
Plastic™ which is made from recycled
waste, intercepted from beaches and
coastal communities before it reaches
the ocean.

33. ECONYL
• ECONYL® regenerated nylon is a product that can help you close the loop.
Made from waste, it's infinitely recyclable and can unleash infinite possibilities
for makers, creators and consumers. It's all part of the ECONYL® brand vision
to make the world a better place by pioneering closed loop regeneration
processes and delivering sustainable products.
• Nylon waste from landfills and oceans around the world is transformed into
ECONYL® regenerated nylon. It's exactly the same as brand new nylon and can
be recycled, recreated and remoulded again and again.
• That means you can create new products and buy new products without having
to use new resources.

34. • Algae is a renewable and degradable aquatic organism, that can be turned into
bio-fiber and environmentally friendly dye.
• Algalife explores a holistic and sustainable development of new materials which
positively affect both the environment and the human skin.
• A bonus effect of wearing clothes made from algae apparel is that the fabric
releases anti-oxidants, vitamins and other nutrients to the skin. Clothes that both
look great and literally make you feel great.
ALGALIFE

35. THANKYOU