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Lithuania youth unemployment
- 1. Support for Youth Employment: situation and measures in Lithuania Lithuania Area: 65,3 km2 Population: 3,2 million Youth 15-29 years old: 630 thousand or 21 % Independence: 1918 and 1990
- 2. Employment trends • In 2015 total employment rate increased by 1.5 ppt., for youth – by 0.7 ppt. • In 2014 employment rate was 0.8 ppt. bigger comparing to EU average, for youth – 4.9 ppt. less. • In 2015 19 000 youngsters were economically inactive and not in education. 83.9 81.1 88.4 97.9 106.6 104.6 1224.2 1225.7 1244.4 1264.3 1288 1300.6 18.3 19 21.5 24.6 27.6 28.3 57.6 60.2 62 63.7 65.7 67.2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Employed (aged 15–24), thous. Employed (aged 15–64), thous. Employment rate (aged 15–24), % Employment rate (aged 15–64), % Source: Statistics Lithuania
- 3. Unemployment 8.4 13.3 29.6 35.7 32.6 26.7 21.9 19.3 16.3 4.2 5.8 13.8 17.8 15.4 13.4 11.8 10.7 9.1 1.4 1.3 3.3 7.4 8 6.6 5.1 4.8 3.9 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Unemployment rate of youth up to 25 Unemployment rate Long-term unemployment rate • In 2015 total unemployment rate decreased by 1.6 ppt., for youth – by 3 ppt. • In 2015 unemployment rate was 0.3 ppt. less comparing to EU average, for youth – 4.1 ppt. less. • Remaining challenges – decrease of youth and long-term unemployment. Source: Statistics Lithuania
- 4. Situation of NEETs up to 25 (not in education, employment or training) Source: Eurostat 10.9 10.9 12.4 12.8 12.9 13.2 13 12.5 7.1 8.8 12.1 13.2 11.8 11.2 11.1 9.9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 EU28 LT 6 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.1 5.3 6.2 5.7 5 4.7 4.7 5.3 4.6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 EU28 LT NEETs Inactive NEETs
- 5. Registered Young Unemployed 256.7 330.8 299.6 263.6 266.2 100.5 119.3 111.4 96.2 91 19.9 21 21.5 17.1 14.6 0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Unemployed, thous. Youth (aged 16-29), thous. Graduates, thous. • Since 2012 the number of registered youth is decreasing – averagely by 8.5 % every year. • In 2015 youth made up 34.2 % of total registered unemployed, a year ago – 36.5 %. • In 2015 graduates made up 16 % of young jobseekers, a year ago – 17.8 %. • In 2015 31% or 14.1 thousand young jobseekers re-registered with the PES during on year. Source: PES
- 6. Local Differences in Youth Unemployment • In the beginning of 2016, registered youth (aged 16–29) unemployment rate exceeded the threshold of 7 % in 18 municipalities, a year ago – in 22. Source: PES Up to 3 % From 3 % to 5 % From 5 % to 7 % 7 % and higher
- 7. Portrait of Young Unemployed 1st April 2016 (in brackets – 1st April 2015 Never employed 33.3 (30.4) % With higher educ. 24.1 (24.3) % With secondary educ. 48.4 (49.1) % With basic educ. 18.3 (18.3) % With primary educ. 9.1 (8.2) % Without primary educ. 0.1 (0.1) % Unskilled 40.3 (41.6) % 27.7 (29.5) thousand YOUNG UNEMPLOYED Aged 16-29 45,8 (47,8) % FEMALE 54,2 (52,2) % MALE 18.2 (13.1) % LONG-TERM FEMALE UNEMPLOYED 14.1 (9.4) % LONG-TERM MALE UNEMPLOYED 17.2 (17.8) % SHARE OF TOTAL UNEMPLOYED Source: PES
- 8. The Main Youth Unemployment Reasons
- 9. How Employers See the Conditions • Youth is not satisfied with offered wages and working conditions • It is more efficient to retain those with more experience and knowledge than the youth • The dismissal of long-time employee requires a higher severance pay • Young people need time to adapt, and the employer has neither the time nor the money • Young people are more likely to continue studies, plan a family, they are fickle and less loyal to the company • Young people are more intolerant towards the illegal activities (i.e., no offering him ‘an envelope’, they prefer legal income);
- 10. Reaction to the Economical Crisis • In 2010 youth (up to 29) became the group of persons additionally supported in the labour market in accordance with the amendments to the Law on Support for Employment. • Targeted projects of ALM’s for youth were implemented, youth had a priority to participate in the measures. • Youth who entered the labour market for the first time had a privilege for obligatory social insurance contribution (pay 7.7 % instead of 31 %) • In 2012 the Government created interinstitutional working group, that developed a plan to increase employment of young people. The unused public finances were reallocated to implement new measures and projects for youth, for example: “Promoting Entrepreneurship”, “Support for First Employment”, “Youth Voluntary Service”, “Trust Yourself”. • In 2014 LT started to implement the Youth Guarantee.
- 11. Youth Employment and Participation in ALM‛s 14.6 15.7 19.3 21 20.1 70.6 68.5 69.9 60.5 57 70.2 57.5 62.7 62.9 62.6 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Youth participation in ALM's (thous.) Youth employed (thous.) Youth employment rate (%) • In 2015 (as in 2014) 84.7 % of young jobseekers were given employment: 62.6 % of youth were employed, 22,1 % participated in ALM’s. • In 2015 Youth Guarantee offers within 4 months were given to 60.9 % young jobseekers aged 16–29 (in 2014 – 57.5 %) and 68.1 % young jobseekers aged 16– 24 (in 2014 – 60.8 %). Source: PES
- 12. ALM’s for Youth Active Labour Market Policy Measures Subsidies for Job Creation Support for Self- Employment Projects of Local Initiatives for Employment Supported Employment Vocational Training Support for Job Creation Support for Local Mobility Subsidized employment Job skills acquisition support Bilateral agreement on the acquisition of job skills Public Works Job Rotation Voluntary practice
- 13. The Structure of Youth Aged 16–29 Participation in ALM’s • Effectiveness of the ALM’s for youth in 2015: Integration into the labour market, %: Within 6 months After 6 months • Vocational training 92.1 x • Subsidized employment 87.8 53.9 • Job skills acquisition support 90.7 60.4 • Job rotation 83.3 56.6 • Direction to vocational training is increasing because of the market demand and the structure of young jobseekers. Also it is planned to apply measures in a complex way. • Since September 2014, young jobseekers can apply for support for the creation of job place for himself. In 2015 youth created 123 job places. The average cost of one job place – 11 400 Eur. 2 700 13 % 16 400 78 % 1 900; 9 % Vocational training Supported employment Support for Job Creation 2014 6 300 31 % 11 500 57 % 2 300 12 % 2015 Lietuvos darbo biržos duomenys
- 14. Youth Guarantee All young people under the age of 30 should receive a good- quality offer of employment, continued education, an apprenticeship or a traineeship within a period of four months of becoming unemployed or leaving formal education. Young people neither employed, nor in education, training or in activation measures (NEETs) Early school leavers Unskilled Acquired a profession in demand Acquired a profession which is not in demand Have no job skills Without work experience, lacking activity
- 15. • Services are provided throughout all Lithuania – in every municipality. • The provision of full services for both inactive and motivated youth aged 15–29 is ensured. • More attention is paid to a young person's individual needs and individualized services. • The link between the young person and the employer is strengthened. • Partnership-based attitude is applied: partnerships with NGOs, youth centers are developed. • The most disadvantaged NEETs are prioritized: those from marginalized communities or leaving education without any qualifications Key Points of YG Delivery in LT
- 16. The Network of Youth Job Centers • On 1 January 2016, 37 Youth Job Centers operated in LT. • Activities: • They provide information and counselling; • introduce the world of professions; • organize informative events and practical training; • assist in preparation for job interviews; • consult on how to introduce yourself to an employer, how to search a job, write a CV; • promote entrepreneurship; • In 2015 information and counselling services were provided for 118 000 youngsters; 5 800 events were organized and they were attended by 79 800 participants.
- 17. Y/ Z generation: new methods is a must
- 18. Y/ Z generation: new methods is a must
Editor's Notes
- UŽIMTUMAS 2014 Jaunimas LT 27,6 bendras 65,7 ES 32,5 64,9 2015 m. dirbo 1 mln. 335 tūkst. gyventojų, arba 15,9 tūkst. (1,2 proc.) daugiau nei 2014 m. 15–64 metų amžiaus gyventojų užimtumo lygis 2015 m. sudarė 67,2 proc. ir per metus padidėjo 1,5 procentinio punkto. 15–64 metų amžiaus vyrų užimtumo lygis sudarė 68 proc., moterų – 66,5 proc., atitinkamai 1,5 ir 1,6 procentinio punkto daugiau nei prieš metus. 2015 m. dirbo 104,6 tūkst. 15–24 metų amžiaus gyventojų, arba 2 tūkst. (1,9 proc.) mažiau nei 2014 m. Jaunimo užimtumo lygis 2015 m. sudarė 28,3 proc., per metus jis padidėjo 0,7 procentinio punkto. 2015 m. 245 tūkst., arba 66,2 proc., 15–24 metu amžiaus gyventoju buvo ekonomiškai neaktyvūs, iš jų 92,3 proc. mokėsi bendrojo lavinimo ar profesinėje mokykloje, kolegijoje, universitete.
- NEDARBAS 2015 Jaunimas LT 16,3 bendras 9,1 ES 20,4 9,4 2015 m. nedarbo lygis sudarė 9,1 proc. ir buvo 1,6 procentinio punkto mažesnis nei 2014 m., remdamasis gyventojų užimtumo statistinio tyrimo vertinimais, praneša Lietuvos statistikos departamentas. Vyrų nedarbo lygis 2015 m. buvo 10,1 proc., moterų – 8,2 proc. Per metus vyrų nedarbo lygis sumažėjo 2,1 procentinio punkto, moterų – 1 procentiniu punktu. Ilgalaikio nedarbo lygis 2015 m. sudarė 3,9 proc. ir buvo 0,9 procentinio punkto mažesnis nei 2014 m. 2015 m. buvo 134 tūkst. bedarbių, t. y. 24,1 tūkst. (15,2 proc.) mažiau nei 2014 m. Ilgalaikių bedarbių buvo 57,5 tūkst., arba 42,9 proc. visų bedarbių, – tai 13,2 tūkst. (18,7 proc.) mažiau nei 2014 m. Jaunimo (15–24 metų amžiaus) nedarbo lygis 2015 m. sudarė 16,3 proc. ir buvo 3 procentiniais punktais mažesnis nei 2014 m. 2015 m. 15–24 metų amžiaus bedarbių buvo 20,4 tūkst., palyginti su 2014 m., jų skaičius sumažėjo 5 tūkst. (19,9 proc.).
- Young people with poor educational background (without primary or with primary and basic education), who have not acquired any professional qualification, young graduates without working experience or lacking activity due to thoughtlessly-chosen profession (surplus profession, lack of a vocation) are under the major threat of unemployment in Lithuania. Employment opportunities available for young women are slightly smaller than for the opposite sex of same age group, who can find employment in construction, industrial sector more easily. Employment opportunities are scarcer in rural areas. Besides, it has been observed that unemployment duration is determined by the age group: with the age of young unemployed growing, the duration of unemployment is extending. In summary, most crucial problems hindering youth integration into the Lithuanian labour market: 1. Shortage of education, vocational training or working experience; 2. Acquired professional knowledge is inadequate to the labour market needs; 3. Employers are reluctant to pay adequate salary to young people or to employ them in general; 4. There is a shortage of measures helping to combine professional career or studies with family obligations; 5. Lack of determination or job seeking skills; 6. Insufficient assistance for transiting from education to labour market; 7. Vocational traning is not popular among youth; 8. A lack of career guidance for youngsters and their parents. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Išsilavinimo, profesinio parengimo ar darbo patirties trūkumas. Shortage of education, vocational training or working experience. Įgytų profesinių žinių neatitikimas darbo rinkos poreikiams. Acquired professional knowledge is inadequate to the labour market needs Darbdaviai nėra linkę mokėti deramo atlyginimo jauniems žmonėms arba visai nepriima jų į darbą. Employers are reluctant to pay adequate salary to young people or to employ them in general. Trūksta priemonių, padedančių derinti darbo veiklą ar studijas su įsipareigojimais šeimai. There is a shortage of measures helping to combine professional career or studies with family obligations. Atkaklumo ar darbo paieškos įgūdžių stoka. Lack of determination or job seeking skills. Nepakankama pagalba, pereinat iš švietimo sistemos į darbo rinką. Insufficient assistance for transiting from education to labour market. Lack social skills Lives in a social risk family Is not motivated to take part in Has addictive dissorders Is raising/ fostering a preteen children Has a disability
- Youth (up to 29) is among the priority groups who can get a credit by participating in the EU funded project “Promoting Entrepreneurship” and: participate in the training “Basics of Entrepreneurship” get a free training in one of 6 training models according to individual needs get free individual consultation on preparation of business plan On the website of LLE there is designed a Talent Bank database for high qualification specialists in which jobseekers can provide information about themselves. High school graduates and students of final courses who know at least one foreign language and have a computer literacy are invited to participate in the Talent Bank programme. Support for First Employment (applicable to the employers employing persons with no previous working experience, i.e. 23.3% of the gross salary of a young person (under 29) employed for the first time is compensated to his/her employer. The wage compensation is paid for the maximum period of 12 months). In 2014, 2015 the measure Support for the First Employment financed from the ESF and launched on 1 August 2012 is further implemented. Under this measure, employers who offer full-time employment for young people aged 16-29 with no previous working experience are eligible to partial salary compensation (23.3% of the gross salary for the maximum period of 12 months).
- Per 4 mėnesius nuo įsiregistravimo darbo biržoje buvo įdarbinti, pradėjo individualią veiklą arba dalyvavo profesinio mokymo, remiamojo įdarbinimo, paramos darbo vietoms steigti, teritorinio judumo priemonėse: Įdarbinta 57 tūkst. 16–29 m. amžiaus bedarbių, aktyvios darbo rinkos politikos priemonėse dalyvavo 20,1 tūkst. Iš jų pagal priemones: profesinio mokymo – 6,2 tūkst., remiamojo įdarbinimo veiklose – 11,4 tūkst., paramą darbo vietai steigti gavo 2,3 tūkst., teritorinio judumo priemonėje dalyvavo 0,19 tūkst. jaunuolių. Veiklą pagal verslo liudijimą pradėjo 10 tūkst. jaunų bedarbių, 451 jaunuolis su darbdaviais sudarė dvišales darbo įgūdžių įgijimo sutartis. 2015 m. vykdytos priemonės buvo finansuojamos iš nacionalinių lėšų (5,5 mln. Eur), taip pat Europos socialinio fondo (ESF) lėšomis pagal 2007–2013 m. Žmogiškųjų išteklių plėtros veiksmų programą (7,3 mln. Eur) (projektai „Pasitikėk savimi“, „Išlik darbo rinkoje“, „Jaunimo savanoriška tarnyba“) ir pagal 2014–2020 m. Europos Sąjungos fondų investicijų veiksmų programą (9,2 mln. Eur) (projektai „Ilgalaikių bedarbių įdarbinimo rėmimas“, „Įgyk paklausią profesiją“, „Nekvalifikuotų asmenų kompetencijų didinimas“).
- Vocational rehabilitation
- Jauni bedarbiai gali gauti paramą įsteigti darbo vietą sau. Minėta priemonė numatyta JGI įgyvendinimo plane ir jaunuoliai ja gali pasinaudoti nuo 2014 m. rugsėjo, kai buvo pakeistas Užimtumo rėmimo įstatymas. 2015 m. darbo vietas sau įsisteigė 123 jauni iki 29 metų bedarbiai. Veiklų ir profesijų spektras labai platus – nuo inžinierio, veterinarijos gydytojo, dizainerio, iki batsiuvio, valytojo. Subsidijoms šių darbo vietų steigimui skirta 1,4 mln. Eur valstybės biudžeto lėšų, vidutinė vienos darbo vietos kaina – 11,4 tūkst. Eur.
- Also, the centres provide: free of charge internet for job search profession descriptions and informative films about occupations Career tests information about conditions for studies in higher education institutions Youth Job Center‘s Services Are For: Young people who start their work career Young people who dropped out of the education and the labour market systems University students School students Employers Teachers and leaders of educational institutions Youth organizations and social partners
- Kalbant apie jaunimą ir jaunimo nedarbą svarbu atsiminti, kad jaunimas yra nevienarūšė tikslinė grupė, o nedarbas – kompleksinių priežasčių pasekmė. Nevienarūšė grupė reiškia skirtingą socialinį pagrindą, išsilavinimą, vertybes ir netgi lytį. Iš tiesų, tam tikrais atvejais galima teigti, kad visi jaunuoliai yra motyvuoti, tačiau jų motyvai nebūtinai sutampa su mūsų tikslais. Vienareikšmiškai apibrėžti tuos jaunuolių motyvus visai šiai gyventojų grupei nebūtų teisinga, nes visi yra skirtingi – aktyvūs/ pasyvūs, intravertai/ ekstravertai, lyderiai/ patogiai besijaučiantys vykdant rutinines žinomas užduotis. Čia svarbiausia, kad kiekvienas jaunuolių rastų vidinius poreikius tenkinantį darbą. Pastebima, jog teritorinėse darbo biržose daugėja jaunuolių baigusių profesinio mokymo įstaigas ir toliau siekiančių išsilavinimo, stojančių į aukštąsias mokyklas. Vadinasi, turima tikslų, norima juos įgyvendinti. Vėlgi yra jaunuolių, kurie dažnai dar nežino ko patys nori, blaškosi, neapsisprendžia. Todėl svarbu laiku suteikti jiems pagalbą (kartais užtenka ir draugiško patarimo), pastūmėti ir išjudinti. Jei kalbama apie metodus kaip didinti jaunuolių motyvaciją, jų yra tikrai daug. Metodai taikomi teritorinių darbo biržų Jaunimo darbo centruose, įgyvendinant Intensyvios ilgalaikės pagalbos programą: neformalaus ugdymo metodai, patyriminiai mokymai, mentorystė, susitikimai su sėkmingais žmonėmis, verslininkais, darbdaviais, darbo klubai, bendraamžių savitarpio pagalbos grupės, įvairūs savęs pažinimo, profesinio orientavimo testai, darbo pokalbio simuliacijos, įtraukimas į savanorystės, visuomenei naudingas veiklas, jaunimo organizacijas ir pan., individualios konsultacijos. Tokiuose mokymuose paprastai siekiama, kad jaunas žmogus būtų ne pasyvus stebėtojas, o aktyvus dalyvis – teorijos dėstoma ne daugiau 30-40 proc. Siekiant ugdyti jaunų žmonių motyvaciją svarbu, kad teikiamos paslaugos nebūtų epizodinės, o tęstųsi ilgesnį laiką. Įgūdžiams suformuoti, motyvacijai ugdyti reikalingas laikas. Svarbu tikėti jaunimu, suteikti jam šansą, ugdyti jaunimo kūrybiškumą, pasitikėjimą savimi, uždegti entuziazmu, parodyti perspektyvą, o ne diegti baimes ar išankstines nuostatas. XXI a. svarbu yra tarpusavio santykiai, aiškių tikslų nustatymas ir optimizmas, motyvacija. Jaunimui reikalingos programos, kuriose jie galėtų save realizuoti – tiesiog suteikti daugiau galimybių ieškant ir atrandant save.