Presentation of Technical & Report Writting.

1. Department of Information Technology
Ali Hamza BSIT-15-105
M.Farhan Umer BSIT-15-106
Hassan Murad BSIT-14-01
M.AbdulRehman BSIT-14-43
Course Title: Technical & Report Writting
Course Instructor: M,am Faiza

2. Dr.Abdus Salam

4. Biography: Youth & Education
 Abdus Salam was born on January29,1926 in Jhang,British India.
 To Chaudhry Muhammad Hussain and Hajira Hussain, into an
Ahmadi Punjabi family.
 Chaudhry Muhammad Hussain was Jat.
 Salam's father was an education officer in the Department of
Education of Punjab State in a poor farming district.
 Salam very early established a reputation throughout the Punjab
and later at the University of Cambridge for outstanding brilliance
and academic achievement.

5. Biography: Youth & Education
 At age 14, Salam scored the highest marks ever recorded for the
matriculation examination at the Punjab University.
 He won a full scholarship to the Government College University of
Lahore, Punjab State.
 Salam's mentor and tutors wanted him to become an English
teacher, but Salam decided to stick with Mathematics.
 As a fourth-year student there, he published his work on Srinivasa
Ramanujan's problems in mathematics, and took his B.A. in
Mathematics in 1944.
 His father wanted him to join Indian Civil Service.

6. Biography: Youth & Education
 In Lahore, Abdus Salam went on to attend the graduate school of
Government College University.
 He received his MA in Mathematics from the Government College
University in 1946.
 That same year, he was awarded a scholarship to St John's College,
Cambridge, where he completed a BA degree with Double First-Class
Honours in Mathematics and Physics in 1949.
 He obtained a PhD degree in Theoretical Physics from the Cavendish
Laboratory at Cambridge.
 His doctoral thesis titled "Developments in quantum theory of
fields".

7. Academic Carear
 After receiving his doctorate in 1951, Salam returned to Lahore at
the Government College University as a Professor of Mathematics.
 In 1952, he was appointed professor and Chair of the Department
of Mathematics at the neighbouring University of the Punjab.
 He introduced a new course in Quantum mechanics as a part of the
undergraduate curriculum.
 Salam took fellowship and became one of the earliest fellows of the
Pakistan Academy of Sciences.
 In 1957, Punjab University conferred Salam with an Honorary
doctorate for his contribution in Particle physics.

8. Academic Carear
 The same year with help from his mentor, Salam launched a
scholarship programme for his students in Pakistan.
 At Cambridge and Imperial College he formed a group of theoretical
physicists, the majority of whom were his Pakistani students.
 At age 33, Salam became one of the youngest persons to be elected
a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1959.
 Salam took a fellowship at the Princeton University in 1959.
 In 1980, Salam became a foreign fellow of the Bangladesh Academy
of Sciences.

9. Scientific career
 Early in his career, Salam made an important and significant
contribution in quantum electrodynamics and quantum field theory,
including its extension into particle and nuclear physics.
 Salam was the leading driving force in theoretical physics in
Pakistan.
 Salam introduced chiral symmetry in the theory of neutrinos.
 Salam later passed his work to Riazuddin, who made pioneering
contributions in neutrinos.
 Salam introduced the massive Higgs bosons to the theory of the
Standard Model, where he later predicted the existence of proton
decay.

10. Scientific career
 Salam provided a theory that shows the unification of two
fundamental forces of nature, weak nuclear forces and the
electromagnetic forces, one into another.
 Salam proved the electroweak unification theory mathematically,
and finally published the papers. For this achievement, Salam &
Weinberg were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979.
 In the 1970s Salam continued trying to unify forces by including the
strong interaction in a grand unified theory.

11. Government work
 Abdus Salam returned to Pakistan in 1960 to take charge of a
government post that was given to him by President Field Marshal
Ayub Khan.
 In September 1961, Abdus Salam approached President Ayub Khan
to set up the country's first national space agency.
 On 16 September 1961, through an executive order, Space and
Upper Atmosphere Research Commission was established, in which
Abdus Salam served as the first director.
 In 1967, Abdus Salam became a central and administrative figure to
lead the research in both Theoretical and Particle physics.
 Abdus Salam played an influential and significant role in Pakistan's
development in nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.

12. Government work
 Abdus Salam played an influential and significant role in Pakistan's
development in nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.
 In 1965, Abdus Salam and Edward Durrell Stone signed a contract
for the establishment of Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and
Technology at Nilore, Islamabad.
 Due to his effort that in 1965, Canada and Pakistan signed a nuclear
energy co-operation deal.

13. Space programme
 Salam was the founder of Pakistan's space programme as he was
responsible for the establishment of the space research activities in
Pakistan.
 On 16 September 1961, through an executive order, the Space and
Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) was
established of which Salam was made its first and founder director
of the agency.
 Salam immediately travelled to United States, where he successfully
signed a space co-operation agreement with United States
Government.

14. Space programme
 Salam signed another agreement with National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA) in which NASA launched a programme
to provide training to Pakistan's scientists and engineers.

15. Nuclear weapons programme
 Salam knew the importance of nuclear technology in Pakistan, for
civilian and peaceful purposes.
 As early as 1972–73, he had been a great advocate for the atomic
bomb project.
 In 1965, Salam led the establishing of the nuclear research
institute—Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology.
 In 1965, the plutonium reactor Pakistan Atomic Research Reactor
went critical under the leadership of Salam.
 In 1973, Salam proposed the idea of establishing an annual college
to promote scientific activities in the country to the Chairman of
PAEC.

16. Nuclear weapons programme
 In November 1971, Salam met with Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in his
residence, and following Bhutto's advice, Salam went to United
States to avoid the 1971 Indo-Pak winter war. In 1971, Salam
returned to Pakistan with scientific literature about the Manhattan
Project and calculations involving in atomic bombs.
 Former prime minister, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, formed a group of
scientists and engineers, which was first headed by Salam.
 In 1972, Salam, as Science Advisor to the President, had managed
and participated in a secret meeting of nuclear scientists with
Bhutto in Multan, which came to be known as the "Multan
Meeting".

17. Nuclear weapons programme
 An office was set up for Salam in the Prime ministers' Secretariat by
order of Bhutto.
 On March 1974, Salam also established the Wah Group Scientist
that was charged with manufacturing materials, explosive lenses
and triggering mechanism development of the weapon.
 Salam had led the groundbreaking work in the development of the
weapons programme.

18. Death
 He was died on November21,1996.At Aged 70 in Oxford, United
Kingdom.
 Salam's work in Pakistan has been far reaching and regarded as
highly influential.
 Salam is remembered as his peers and students as the "father of
Pakistan's school of Theoretical Physics" as well as Pakistan's
science.
 His students, fellow scientists and engineers, remembered him as
brilliant teacher, and engaging researcher who would also influence
among others to do the same.

19. In 1998, the Government of Pakistan issued A commemorative
stamp to honour the services of Dr. Abdus Salam.

20. 10 December 1979 Salam receives the Nobel Prize
from King Carl XVI Gustaf is the King of Sweden.

21. Salam is recipient of first high civil awards – Star of Pakistan
(1959) and the Nishan-e-Imtiaz (1979) – awarded both by
President of Pakistan for his outstanding services to Pakistan.

22. His Grave