articulators-part2

2. ARTICULATORS-II

3. CONTENTS
• Basic parts of an articulator
• Individual articulators
• Recent advances
• Care and maintenance of articulator
• Conclusion
• References

4. BASIC PARTS OF AN ARTICULATOR
• Upper member
• Lower member
• Mounting plates
• Condylar analogues
• Condylar guidance
• Incisal guide pin
• Incisal guide table

5. UPPER MEMBER
Represents maxilla
LOWER MEMBER
Represents mandible
MOUNTING PLATES
Casts are connected

6. CONDYLAR GUIDANCE
• Represents slopes of articular eminance.
• Can be adjusted according to the records
obtained from the patient.
• If sloped antero-posteriorly – horizontal
guidance.
• If sloped laterally-
lateral guidance.

7. CONDYLAR
ANALOGUES/ELEMENTS
• Spherical in shape
• Represents condyle.
• If attached to lower member- ARCON
• If attached to upper member-
NONARCON

8. INSICAL GUIDE PIN:-
Acts as an anterior vertical
stop & maintains the vertical
dimension.
Can be flat or rounded.
INCISAL GUIDE TABLE :-

9. INDIVIDUAL
ARTICULATORS
9

10. Mean-Value Articulator
Hanau articulators
Whip – mix articulator
Denar articulator
TMJ articulator

11. MEAN VALUE ARTICULATOR
• so called because it has 3 fixed mean
values
• intercondylar distance-100–110mm
• condylar guidance-33degrees
• incisal guidance-9-12degrees

12. PARTS:-
• upper member
• lower member
• insical guide table
• vertical rod / incisal pin
• Insical guide pin
• condylar guidance

13. • Upper member :-
• Triangular frame
• Two Condylar elements
• Vertical Rod with a thumb screw.

14. • Lower Member :-
 L Shaped frame with horizontal and vertical arm
 Horizontal arm is triangular and
its apex contains incisal guide table.
 Vertical arm is rectangular containing condylar
guidance slot at upper portion.

15. Incisal guide table :-
 very short cylinder, concave upper surface.
Vertical Rod or Incisal Pin :-
 keep fixed distance between the
upper & lower member at anterior end.
 pointed tip - rest on the center

16. Incisal guide pin :-
 anterior reference
point.
 The incisal edge of the
maxillar incisors at the
mid line of the occlusal
rim should touch the
tip of incisal pin during
articulation.
Condylar guidance
Represent by a slot (condylar
track)
Condylar element of upper
member passes through this track.
A spring is mounted within this
track to establish the condylar
element

17. Hanau H2 articulator
Hanau ARCON H2 articulator
Hanau wide VUE articulator.
Hanau wide VUE II articulator
Hanau Radial shift
HANAU ARTICULATORS

18. HANAU H2 (Model 96 )
 Designed by Rudolph Hanau.
 It is non-arcon type articulator.
 It has a fixed intercondylar distance of
110 mm & accept a face-bow transfer.
 Horizontal condylar guidance: - 40 to +800
 Lateral condylar guidance:- 0 to 200

19.  Four different face-bows can be utilized
1. Facia face-bow
2. Earpiece face-bow
3. Twirl face-bow
4. Adjustable axis face-bow.
 Has mechanical incisal guide table –
adjustable both in sagittal & frontal planes.
 Some have extendible condylar shafts – indicated
by an “X’’ after the model designation , ex: H2 - X

20. HANAU ARCON H2
ARTICULATOR
(model 158)
• Introduced by HANAU in 1977.
• Arcon type.
• Special face bow is available.
• Pantacrylic incisal guide table also
available.

21. Hanau wide VUE articulator
Upper member
Lower member
Condylar guidances
Dual end incisal pin
Adjustable incisal guide table
Orbitale indicator
Mounting plates
Horizantal guidance
Lateral guidance

23. Condylar guidance:-
 Condylar Guidances - control centers of the
Articulator
 adjustability assimilate the multiple function of
the glenoid fossa.
 Condylar track - “zero” to a plus 60 degree or to
a minus 20 degree which is inclined on the
horizontal transverse axis.
 Termed as protrusive inclination
 Simulate the patients superior wall of the fossa.

24. • The Condylar Track – adjustable from “zero”
sagittal to 30 degree on vertical axis
• Termed as progressive Bennet
angle & simulate the medial wall
of patient’s fossa.
• Some have Centric Stop at the
posterior end of the Track.

25.  When the Element rests against
the Stop it is at centric, the point
from which the protrusive or
Bennett angles both emanate.
 Engagement of a Centric Lock
arrest the Condylar Element
at the centric position and allows
freedom of movement when released.

26. • The Condylar Shafts adjustably
slide in the “wings” of the
Lower Member fixed by setscrew.
• Resilient bumper – protects
upper member by resting
it on wings when fully opening the
articulator.

27. DUAL END INCISAL PIN:-
 serves as the forward control of the Articulator.
 Maintains a vertical stop and provides a stylus
contact with incisal table during various excursive
movements.
 Dual end- spherical & chisel tip.
 Spherical tip – to fabricate
Customized acrylic anterior
guide tables

28.  A mid-line groove - one inch from
the spherical tip.
 Five additional lines calibrated
in millimeters extend on either
side thereof.
 These lines are used for recording
or altering the vertical dimension.

29.  Two annular grooves on the Incisal Pin at 37 and
54 mm
below the Frankfort Horizontal Plane.
 Arbitrary vertical landmarks –
alignment of the incisal edge
of the maxillary centrals when
making a Facebow transfer.
 Third point of stability

30. ADJUSTABLE INCISAL GUIDE TABLE:-
• provides adjustment of anterior guidance.
• Adjustable both in sagittal & frontal planes.
• Sagittal- horizontal 0º to
60º positive inclination of
protrusion by the small Locknut.
• lateral wings -to 0º to 45º
incline by a Thumbnut.

32. Orbitale Indicator :-
represents the patient’s infra-orbitale
notch
anterior reference landmark
of the Frankfort Horizontal
Plane.
when used with an orbitale
pointer on a facebow, it provides
an anatomical vertical orientation
for upper arch.

33. Mounting plates
• To attach upper and lower casts to
upper and lower members of
articulator.
• Has elongated luting slots – for a
secure adherence of gypsum
mounting.
• Center domed brass insert which is
internally threaded for attachment to
upper and lower members .

34. ARTICULATOR PREPARATION
• Adjust the protrusive inclination of both Condylar
Guidances to 30 degrees and tighten the
Thumbnuts.
• Adjust the Bennett Angles of both Condylar
Guidances at 30 degrees and tighten their
thumbnuts.
• Adjust the Incisal Pin to align the mid-line
calibration to the top edge of the Upper Member.
• Adjust the Incisal Guide to a “zero” degree and
tighten the small Locknut.
• Slide the Platform to align the Incisal Pin contact
over the “zero” indicating line on Guidance and
tighten Platform Lockscrew.

35. MOUNTING
PROCEDURE
Maxillary cast is attached to the articulator
using the orientation jaw relation record.
Procedure of transferring the
orientation jaw relation to the
articulator is called
face-bow transfer.

36. • Ear piece - attached to the roll pin of the
articulator.
• Transfers the posterior reference point of the
face-bow to the articulator.
• Anterior reference point - positioned by making
the orbital indicator contact the orbital pointer of
the face-bow.
• A pivot stand attached to the lower member -
helps to prevent vertical displacement of the
occlusal rim during articulation.

37.  Centric lock is engaged.
 Later tentative jaw relations is carried out
according which the mandibular cast with
occlusal rim is articulated.
 Then tracers are attached such that central
bearing plate to lower and central bearing
pointer to upper rim and tracings was carried
out.

38. • And also centric and protrusive records are made.
• Now mandibular cast Is dearticulated.
• Now by placing the centric
interocclusal records on mandibular rim,
again mandibular cast is articulated in exact centric
relation with the maxilla.

39. PROGRAMMING THE
ARTICULATOR
Before teeth can be arranged, the articulator
must be programmed or customized to the
individual patient.
The programmed articulator is vital to plan
an occlusion which is both efficient and at the
same time reduces stresses transmitted to the
underlying tissues and temporomandibular
joints.

40. PROGRAMMING THE CONDYLAR
GUIDANCES
HORIZONTAL CONDYLAR GUIDANCE OR
INCLINATION
USING PROTRUSSIVE INTEROCCLUSAL
CHECK RECORDS
 A protrusive inter occlusal record (ask the patient
to protrude the mandible around 6mm) is made by
using
bite registration material.
 The condylar lock nuts on articulator are loosened
and the occlusal rims with record is placed on the
articulator.

41.  The condylar inclinations are adjusted until the
upper and lower occlusal rim seat firmly and
evenly in the protrusive record.
 The degree of inclination is
noted and recorded on the
mounting plaster.
 The condylar inclination
lock nuts are then secured.

42. LATERAL CONDYLAR GUIDANCE
INCLINATION
 Using lateral interocclusal records or by
 Using Hanau’s formula
• L=H/8+12.

43. PROGRAMMING INCISAL
GUIDANCE:-
 The incisal guide table has a horizontal as
well as lateral adjustment.
 Both are set to the minimum required for
the esthetic needs of the anterior teeth.

44. Hanau wide VUE II
articulator
• The only difference between Hanau wide vue &
vue II that the wide vue II has an open
condylar track.
• The closed condylar track does not allow the
upper member to be removed, Whereas the
open condylar track allow the upper member to
be removed for waxing.

45. HANAU RADIAL SHIFT
 It is an Arcon instrument with a fixed intercondylar
distance of 110mm.
 It has right & left Centric Latches & the upper
member is easily removed for waxing.
 Condylar guidance incorporates a curved
immediate side shift with an adjustable progressive
Bennet angle.
 Radial shift – has 3mm radius & allows up to 3mm
of radial shift.
 Guidance – has curved superior wall with a 0.75-
inch radius

46. Designed by Dr. Charles
Stuart in 1963.
It is an arcon articulator.
The upper & lower member
are mechanically attached by
means of a spring latch
assembly.
WHIP-MIX
ARTICULATOR

47.  The original model is 8500.
 The condylar elements on the lower frame &
adjustable to three positions.
1. Small (S) – 96 mm
2. Medium (M)–110m
3. Large (L) – 124 mm.

48. • Horizantal condylar inclination – 0 to 70 degrees
• Lateral – 0 to 45 degrees.
• Horizantal - by obtaining protrusive/ lateral
interocclusal record.
• Bennet angle – by lateral interocclusal records.
• Mechanical/plastic incisal guide table with dual
end incisal pin.

49.  Two Different face-bows can utilised:-
1) Quick mount or earpiece face-bow for
complete denture.
2) The adjustable axis for fixed prosthodontics.
 Ear piece- anterior support is attained by placing
plastic block into the deepest part of the Nasion .
 The plane of reference is automatically created
25mm below the nasion.
 This plane approximates very closely the axis –
orbital plane.

50. Articulator model 9000 is similar to model 8500
except the lower frame is ½ inch taller to provide
more space for mounting the mandibular cast.
Model 8800 provides an additional ½ inches
space to mount the maxillary cast.
This is more suitable in situations with extremely
steep plane of occlusions or where osseous defect
exist in maxilla.
MODIFICATIONS

51. Model 9800 is combines the upper frame of
model 8800 with the lower frame of model 9000
to provide the greatest distance between the
upper & lower frames.
Model 8300 assure that cast can be
interchanged between articulators.

52. DENAR ARTICULATORS
 In 1968, Dr. Niles Guichet introduced the Denar
D4A articulator and recording system.
 D5A – current model.
• Adjustments to the guidance
surfaces are possible in all
three planes of space.

53. DENAR MARK II (1975)
 Arcon type
 The articulator is a two piece instrument
incorporating a positive locking mechanism that
can hold the two members together by means of
centric latch.
 intercondylar distance - 110 mm
 however an adjustable distance
110 to 122 mm option is available.

54.  Four types of face-bow can be used :-
- Facia face-bow
- Earpiece face-bow
- Slidematic face-bow
- Adjustable axis face-bow
 Horizontal inclination - 0 to 60 degrees.
 immediate side shift (Bennett) adjustment of 0 to
4 mm plus a progressive shift adjustment of 0 to
15 degrees
 The mark II can be programmed using anatomic
averages positional records or with a mini
recorder.

55. It is a newest Denar articulator.
 The design allows one to easily
exchange closed fossa for open
fossa with a positive locking latch.
The purpose of this model is
an attempt to better meet
the requirements for complete,
removable and fixed partial denture fabrication in
one articulator.
OMNI
ARTICULATOR (1984)

56.  When the articulator is equipped with the
open fossae which is identical to mark II
fossa it is called omni mark.
 When it is utilized with closed track fossa
called omni track.

57. TMJ ARTICULATOR
Designed by Kenneth Swanson in 1965 .
The articulator has a spring loaded
latch to help return the upper frame
to the centric relation position.
There is curved incisal guide pin with both a
plastic & adjustable mechanical incisal guide table.

58.  Custom analog fossae are formed from intraoral
sterographic tracings.
 Specific custom trays (clutches) are prepared:-
- four studs in upper clutch
- central bearing pin at the centre on lower
clutch.
 custom acrylic resin is placed on lower clutch.
 Four functional rhomboid recordings results.
 Recordings are transferred to the articulator.

59.  A Smaller version of the articulator is available &
is called the Mini - Articulator.
 Its intercondylar distance is limited from 11o – 150
mm & has a straight incisal guide pin.

60. RECENT ADVANCES
• Virtual Articulators are also called as
`SOFTWARE articulators`.
• They comprises of virtual condylar and
incisal guide planes.

61. • Guide planes can be measured precisely
using jaw motion analyser or average
values are set in the program like average
value articulator

62. • The Virtual Articulators are able to design
prostheses kinematically.
• They are capable of simulating human
mandibular movements
• by moving digitalized occlusal surfaces against
each other and enabling correction of digitalized
occlusal surfaces to produce smooth and
collision-free movements.
• Presently Virtual Articulator is supporting
mechanical articulator in better visualizing of the
occlusion, in near future they replaces
mechanical articulators.

63. CARE AND MAINTAINENCE OF
AN ARTICULATOR

64. LUBRICATION
 Light application of quality hand piece oil
 Excess oil should be wiped off
 Thin coating of petroleum jelly-when in
contact with gypsum.

65. CLEANING :-
 Use a mild soap and water solution with the aid
of a brush to dissolve accumulations of wax and
to wash away plaster remains.
 Then air dry and lubricate.
 DO NOT use strong detergents, alkalies etc..,

66. CONCLUSION
 .Carl .O. Boucher summed up the articulator
controversy by stating,
“It must be recognized that the
person operating the instrument is more
important than the instrument. If dentists
understand articulators and their deficiencies,
they can compensate for their inherent
inadequacies.”

67. Winkler Sheldon: Essentials of complete
Denture Prosthodontics, 2nd edition, p 142-182.
Heartwell Cm Jr, Rahn AO : Textbook of
complete dentures, 4th edition, p-51-93.
IJDSR- vol-30, july 2012-articulators in
dentistry

68. Boucher’s:prosthodontic treatment for edentulous
patients complete dentures and implant supported
prostheses,12th edition ,p-291-296.
 J. Thomas: A classification of articulators. J Prosthet
dent 1973; 30:11-14
The history of articulators: A perspective on early years,
part II JPD 1999 vol 8 – page 277-280.
Classification of articulators JPD 1980, Vol 3, page 344.
Edgar N. Starcke, DDS The History of Articulators: A
Critical History of Articulators Based on Geometric

69. • Donald L Mitchell and Noel D Wilkie: Articulators through
the years. Part I up to 1940, J Prosthet dent 1978; 39:330-
338.
• Lawrence A. Weinberg: An evaluation of basic articulators
and their concepts. Part II. J Prosthet dent 1963; 13:645-
663.
• Awni Rihani: Classification of articulators. J Prosthet dent
1980; 43:344-347.

71. Next seminar by
Dr.