2. Period : 18th to 19th century
First started in England
Major changes in agriculture, transportation and technology
Deep effect on socio economic and cultural conditions
Spread across the United States and the rest of the world
Industrial Revolution
3. How it started ?
Agrarian and handicraft economy to industry and machine manufacturing
Driving force - inventions and innovations
Adam Smith – specialization and division of labour
5. Improved transportation and faster communication led to Market Revolution
Need for managers to coordinate various activities
Lack of motivation and finite work by workers
Need for study of management and organizational behaviour
What happened ?
6. Persons responsible for this evolution
Robert Owen 1771 – 1858
• A young welsh factory owner (1800). One of the first to
emphasize the human needs of employees.
• Refused to employ young children.
• Taught his workers cleanliness and temperance and
improved their working conditions.
• Father of Personnel Management.
• Founders of Utopian socialism.
7. Andrew Ure 1778 – 1857
• He published “The philosophy of manufactures” (1835) in
which he included the human factor as one of the factors
of production, besides the mechanical and commercial
parts.
• Believing in importance of human factor.
• He provided workers hot tea, medical treatment and
sickness payments.
8. J.N.Tata 1839 – 1904
• He took special interest in the welfare of workers.
• He installed the first humidifiers and fire sprinklers in his
factory Empress mills.
• In 1886, he instituted a pension fund.
• In 1895, he began to pay accident compensation.
9. Economies based on large-scale industry, mechanized
manufacturing and factory system.
Paved a way for different management theories.
Ideas of Owen, Ure and Tata were not very much accepted and
were seen as just a do-good approach rather than a genuine
recognition of the importance of people at work.
Conclusion
