TLE-7_8_Automotive_Q3_Week7.pdf

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SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PARAÑAQUE CITY
TLE 7/8 – AUTOMOTIVE SERVICING
EXPLORATORY
WEEK 7
ENTRY BEHAVIOR
Brief Introduction
Technical drawing or drafting is the act and discipline of composing drawings
that visually communicate how something functions or is constructed. It is also essential in
different fields of industry just like in automotive industry and engineering. Aside from the
drawing of the actual components and assemblies of a certain automobile, familiar signs and
symbols are being used to easily interpret the drawing.
At present, almost everybody uses car for their transportation in their daily
activities in life. Every automobile has a number of complex parts that help in the efficient and
long term functioning of the car. What does car made of? Why does car move? How does car
constructed? Is there any material used by a car that is consumable? What are these
automotive signs and symbols to be interpreted by the car owner or anybody driving that
particular automobile to have a happy and smooth road trip and journey?
Let’s have a joy trip to discover and understand what contains this module!
Learning Competencies
• Interpret Technical Drawing[ TLE- IAAUT 09-12 TTD-IVf-9-24 ]
• Apply Freehand Sketching {TLE-IAAUT 09-12 TTD TVh-j-26}
Objectives
Content Standard: The learners demonstrate an understanding of
concepts and underlying principles in interpreting technical drawings.
Performance Standards: The learners shall be able to interpret or
execute technical drawing.
Learning Objectives: The learner shall be able to:
1.1 Recognize components and assemblies of objects.
1.2 Recognize and interpret signs and symbols.
1.3 Identify appropriate dimensions
1.4 Follow instructions
1.5 Identify required materials and other consumables
3.1 Produce correct freehand sketches using the necessary
tools and materials.
Let’s Recall
Still Remember Me?
Directions: Fill in the blanks with correct word/s to complete the statement. Choose
your answer from the alternatives below.
1. Properly and systematically arranged and stored tools leads to the
__________ and __________of both the owner and the user.
2. Tidy or clean workshop __________ __________ to work diligently.
3. To easily find the tools, __________ tool cabinet/ tool box correctly.
4. Store/ hang edge cutting tools when not in use properly with the
__________ __________ down.
5. Tool inventory assures you of your tools’ exact__________ and
_________.
SHARP EDGE, SAFETY and HEALTH, LABEL, INSPIRES EMPLOYEES, QUAN STITY and QUALITY

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Let’s Understand
Automobiles are common and can be seen in our daily life. With the development
of the economy and the improvement of people’s quality of life, more and more people choose
to buy cars. Therefore, the automobile plays a more and more important role in our global
society.
There is no doubt that automobiles consist of complex subsystems that work
together to provide efficient and reliable transportation. Many different parts have their own
different functions and performance and maybe some of them are quite familiar to us.
Chassis is the frame or main structure of a
vehicle. It contains all the major units
necessary to propel the vehicle, guide its
motion, stop it and allow it to run smoothly
over uneven surfaces. It is also known as the
carrying unit
Engine converts chemical energy (heat energy) into mechanical energy, which is then utilized
for vehicular movement. It is known as the heart of a vehicle.
Lubrication System - is the most important part of an engine especially for its maintenance.
The engine cannot run smoothly without the lubricating oil since this oil provides cooling effect
to the engine, serves as good cushion against the shock, provides cleaning action and sealing
action as well.
Cooling System Just like us that we need air and water for cooling our body, the engine of
a vehicle also requires cooling. This system remove excess heat from the engine, maintain a
constant engine operating temperature, and increase the temperature of a cold engine as
quickly as possible.
Fuel Supply System- the fuel and air mixture is supplied to the combustion chamber of an
engine which is atomized and vaporized by the carburetor and ignited by the spark plug.
Transmission System is used in motor vehicles to supply the output of the internal
combustion engine to the drive wheels. It reduces the higher engine speed to the slower wheel
speed, increasing torque in the process.

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Front and Rear Axle - transmits power to the wheel. It plays a crucial role in the movement
of a vehicle. Propeller Shaft is a shaft which transmits power from an engine to the wheels of
a motor vehicle. Universal joints- help in the up and down movements of the rear axle when
the vehicle is in running condition.
Slip joint- serves to adjust the length of the propeller shaft when demanded by the rear axle
movements.
Front axle - carries the weight of the front portion of the automobile as well as facilitates
steering and controls the rolling of wheels. It also absorbs road shocks arising due to road
surface variations.
Rear Axle -like the front axle is also made of drop forged steel. It bears the weight of the
vehicle’s body and load with springs. It enables to transmit the driving and breaking torque to
the chassis frame and body of the vehicle.
Steering System - permits the driver to control the car on a straight road and turn right or left
as desired. It includes a steering wheel, which the driver controls, a steering gear, which
converts rotary motion of steering wheel in to straight line motion and steering linkages. In
modern cars, the manually operated steering system is assisted by power and is called power
steering.
Wheel, Tyre and Brake Wheel -The wheel is an important component of a vehicle. Wheel of
a four-wheeler vehicle is mounted on a hub and consists of parts like rim, tyre and tube.
The wheels not only support the weight of the vehicle, but also protect it from road shocks and
grip the road surface.
Tyre - is mounted on the wheel rim. It carries the
vehicle load, provides a cushioning effect, and must
produce minimum noise, while the wheel turns on the
road. It should have good grip while accelerating and
braking the vehicle on both dry and wet roads.

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Air Conditioning System provides considerable amount of refrigerating capacity to maintain
cool and comfortable conditions in the sitting space. Modern-day automobiles have an air
conditioning unit to maintain suitably controlled temperature and humidity conditions inside
the vehicle. In automobiles, an air conditioner is a refrigeration machine which requires
electrical energy drawn from the battery system.
Active and Passive Safety These are for the safety and security of automobiles such as
Safety Glass - is used in all windows and doors of automobiles that could be laminated and
tempered. Seat belt or Safety belt- is designed to protect the occupant of a vehicle from
harmful movement, during a collision or when the vehicle stops suddenly, reduces the
likelihood and severity of injury in a traffic collision. It also prevents the vehicle occupant from
hitting hard against the interior elements of the vehicle or other passengers, and keeps the
occupants positioned in place for maximum benefit from the airbag which is the passive safety
systems for the occupants of a four wheeler. In case of an accident, the sensor detects the
impact and the airbag opens up to save the driver and other occupants.
AUTOMOTIVE MATERIALS AND CONSUMABLES
1.Brake discs & pads
Brake pads are an integral part of your car’s braking system, and vital in terms of vehicle
safety. Without brake pads your wheels would wear down, the stopping power would be
reduced, and the overall braking system would be damaged, so getting the correct brake
pads for your vehicle is just as important.
2. Oil
Changing the oil in your car is one of the most important pieces of preventive maintenance
you can undertake. With so many moving parts rubbing together, the constant friction
generates heat which can damage the engine over time. The oil lubricates the engine
absorbing the heat, as well as reducing the friction, allowing the internal parts to work together
smoothly without overheating.
3. Batteries
The battery in your car has never been more important than it is today. Most battery
manufacturers say their batteries have a life of 3-4 years or longer, but with real-world usage
(and of course subject to weather conditions, additional loads from GPS, phones, tablets, etc)
so it’s usually worth replacing them every two to three years (2-3 years).
4. Air filter
- filters the air that’s brought into the engine to aid combustion. It needs to be free from
contaminants such as dust, leaves and insects so they don’t clog up the fuel and combustion
systems. A new air filter will be almost perfectly white but if you see your air filter is very dark
and discolored, better change it.

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5. Windscreen wipers
Windscreen wipers should usually be replaced annually [1 year], but if you drive more than
18,000 miles a year, it’s probably best to replace them every six months[6 mos]. A worn
windscreen wiper will not just impair your vision but they can also scratch your windscreen.
6. Bulbs
Another vital part of vehicle safety both for you and other drivers on the roads. headlights are
of usually three types – the dipped/main beam bulb, the side-light, and in some newer
models the indicator bulb. Then there’s the rear light, rear indicators, reversing lights,
fog lights, and brake lights. It’s considered a good practice to replace car light bulbs in
pairs, because if they were installed as a pair, when one fails you can safely assume the other
won’t be far behind. It will also provide more consistency in both brightness and color of your
lamps.
7. Tyres
Tyres are the most important part of your car. They’re the only part of the vehicle that touches
the ground; they control your steering, braking, acceleration, and they help iron out those
bumps in the road
8. Coolant
More than just water, coolant is the fluid that draws heat from the engine, then releases it
through the radiator and the heat exchanger and often called antifreeze.
9. Fuel
There are three main choices available: leaded and unleaded petrol, and diesel.
Make sure you put the correct fuel for your engine in the tank, if not, it otherwise can potentially
lead to serious engine damage.
INTERPRET SIGNS AND SYMBOLS
SIGNS and SYMBOLS- are visuals that communicate idea, process or warning.
They are used to:
Pay attention to health and safety hazards.
Help out recognize hazards that may not be obvious.
Observe proper use of tools and equipment.
Provide general information and directions.
Remind workers where and when a personal protective
equipment is to be worn.
Show where emergency equipment is located.
Indicates where certain actions are prohibited.

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CATEGORIES OF BASIC SIGNS and SYMBOLS
REGULATORY SIGNS
- are signs in circle intended to instruct on what one must do or not under a given
circumstance. It is also used to reinforce laws, regulations, and requirements which apply
either at all times or at specific times or places. Disregarding these signs mayresult to
violation of laws and regulation with penalty.
⮚ Prohibition Signs- are safety signs used to state actions, dress, or machinery which
must not or should be used. (black symbol, red circle with white background, red
diagonal line across the circle)
⮚ Mandatory Signs- are safety signs that indicate actions, dress, or precautionswhich
must be used. ( white symbol in a blue circle)
WARNING SIGNS
-are signs used to warn the public of a hazard/danger or mark a hazardous site or area.
❖ Caution- indicates a potential hazard that could lead to minor or moderate injury.
(black symbol in a triangle, yellow background)
❖ Danger- indicates definite hazard that would result to death or serious injury. (white
symbol, red oval background in a black rectangle)
INFORMATION SIGNS
-are signs that are legibly printed and very noticeable placard that informs or give people
instructions in the use of something.
▪ Emergency signs- indicate first aid, health, fire protection, and emergency
equipments. (rectangle or square, white symbol on green background)
▪ General information signs- indicate permission or public information. (rectangle or
square, white symbol on blue background)

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BASIC ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS, SYMBOLS & THEIR FUNCTIONS
SWITCH
connects and disconnects the flow of current in
an electric circuit.
ANTENNA/
AERIAL
Transmits & receives radio waves
LOUDSPEAKER Converts electrical signal to sound waves
FUSE Used to protect circuit from high currents.
DIODE
Diode allows current flow in one direction only -
left (anode) to right (cathode).
BATTERY Generates constant voltage, source of power
CAPACITOR
used to store electric charge. It acts as short
circuit with AC and open circuit with DC.
RESISTOR Reduces or opposes the flow of current.
GROUND Used for electrical shock protection.
WIRE Conductor of electrical current
Let’s Apply
Directions: Identify the components and consumables of an automobile
that best suit to their descriptions.
1. A frame, main structure and the carrying unit of a vehicle._______________
2. It is said to be the “heart” of a vehicle._________________
3. A system that lubricates the engine for it to run smoothly._______________
4. Absorbs road shocks due to road surfaces variations.__________________
5. Permits the driver to control the vehicle’s direction.___________________
6. Allows the vehicle to run on the road.______________and ______________

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7. It is the only source of power in a vehicle.__________________
8. These light up the vehicle and must be replaced in pairs._______________
9. This could be placed correctly in the engine tank to avoid engine damage.
________________________
10.The only part of a vehicle that touches the ground._____________________
Let’s Analyze
Directions: Look closely on the different signs and symbols and
determine their names, meanings, or functions.
Sign / Symbol Name / Category Meaning / Function
Warning sign High voltage
Let’s Apply
Directions: Read and answer the question carefully. Write the letter only.
1. How long a particular vehicle could use its battery when loaded with additional loads like
GPS, phones, tablets, and other gadgets?
a) 2- 3 years b) 4-5 years c) 1 year d) 6 months
2. Why should the vehicle’s radiator always be filled with water?
a) to avoid overheating of the engine c) makes the interior part of a vehicle cool
b) water removes heat from the engine d both a and b
3. When do you think is the best time to replace windshield/windscreen wiper?
a) when it is already worn out c) everytime the owner wants
b) every year d) depends on the distance travelled
4. What protects the occupant of a vehicle during collision?
a) safety glass c) seat belt
b) break wheel d) front and rear axle
5. Which makes the engine runs smoothly despite of so many parts rubbing each other?
a) because of the lubricating oil c) because of the fuel used
b) due to the grease applied d) due to the water in the radiator
Let’s Create
Directions: With the use of pencil, ruler, triangle, and crayons or other
coloring materials available at home, draw or create the following signs and
symbols. Please follow the correct color coding of each sign and symbol
indicated above.
1. WEAR FACE SHIELD 6. SLIPPERY FLOOR
2. KEEP AREA CLEAN STAIRS 7. GOING UP
3. NO ENTRY 8. TELEPHONE
4. SMOKING PROHIBITED 9. BATTERY
5. FLAMMABLE MATERIALS 10. SWITCH