2. WHAT IS CLADDING ?
• Building cladding is the exterior skin, or envelope of a building, and includes all
moisture barriers and siding materials used to cover the outside of the structure,
While the term cladding is widely used in Europe and Australia, these exterior
finish materials are typically known as siding in North America.
• Cladding can serve both a decorative and a functional purpose. It is used to
complement the architectural style of the building while also offering protection
from rain, wind, snow, and other outside elements.
• Building cladding can also add insulation to the structure while minimizing sound
transmission through the walls.
3. COMPONENTS :
• Sandwiched into panels or added in the form of batts, blankets, rigid boards or
fills.Eg: Gypsum Board .
• Ease of construction between panelised systems.
• Compensate for movement.
• Holds the exterior material to the building.
• Transfers loads imposed on exterior to structural frame.
• Architectural treatment applied to interior face of supporting frame.
• Air gaps, weep holes and sealants as prevention against water leakage.
5. ATTACHED SYSTEM:
• Has exterior cladding attached directly to structural frame in large panels which
span one or more stories or bays.
• Example: precast concrete or steel-stud frames welded or bolted to attachments
built into the structural frame.
• Primary advantage: ability to fully insulate the exterior walls and protect the
structural frame from deteriorating effects of weather.
6. CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM:
• Similar to attached system except it is attached to the structural frame with clip
angles or sub-framing.
• Examples: metal or glass walls which enclose most modern skyscrapers. Also,
natural stones and light weight precast panels.
• Primary advantage: standard design requiring less time in pre-construction and
manufacturing.
7. INFILL SYSTEM:
• Cladding material is installed between exterior floor slab edges and the exposed
exterior columns of the structural frame being the identifying feature.
• Example: pre-cast concrete, masonry, glass or combination of these.
• Primary advantage: installed from the interiors without relying on external
scaffolding.
• Disadvantage:
1. Structural frame is difficult to insulate.
2. Differential movement between structural frame and cladding resulting
additional heat loss and heat gain to the interior environment. React to climate
and change volume as they age.
9. SPECIAL TYPES:
• Plasterboard is generally used to clad internal walls. It is a pliable material that
can be easily cut with a craft knife. Plasterboard should be cut a half-inch shorter
than the wall and should be nailed onto the wall framework. Jointing tape should
be placed over the joints of plasterboard to give a smooth finish.
• RAIN SCREEN CLADDING
• GREEN WALL
• WINDOW CAPPING
10. METHODS OF CLADDING:
• Direct Adhered - This is one of the most common methods. It is thinner, less
expensive and doesn't require any onsite drilling.
• Spot Bonding - similar to the direct adhered but epoxy is only applied to about
10% of the area resulting in gaps or pockets of air between the stone and the wall
reduces the chances of water staining.
• Mechanical Bonding - This method involves fixed or embedded anchors or ties
being used to attach the stone to the surface.
• Aluminium/steel Backing - Aluminium panels are shaped to fit the project
perfectly, and to interlock with each other, before being mounted to the surface
using runner clips. (ext. cladding)
11. PROS AND CONS:
ADVANTAGE
• Low Maintenance
• Can be easily cleaned
• Protection from weatherelements
• Noise, heat control
• Light weight
• Aesthetic appeal
DISADVANTAGE
• Initial installation is costlier than
normal paint.
• Needs timely maintainance.
• If not installed propoerly, the units tend
to fall off.
• Installation time is huge depending on
the surface of the building
12. WHAT IS GLAZING ?
• GLAZING, WHICH DERIVES FROM THE MIDDLE ENGLISH FOR 'GLASS', IS A PART
OFA WALL OR WINDOW MADE OF GLASS .
• GLAZING IS WHEN YOU PAINT A THIN LAYER OF MINERALS AND GLASS ONTO A
FIRED ORUNFIRED CERAMIC PIECE.
• THE ACT OF INSTALLING GLASS IN WINDOWS, DOORS OR FIXED OPENINGS.
• IN PRACTICALLY, IT WOULD BE THE ACTUAL INSTALLATION OF A PIECE OF
GLASSWITHIN A FRAME.
13. HISTORY:
• • GLAZES HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED TO HAVE BEEN USED IN THE DECORATION
OF CERAMICSAS FAR BACK AS THE EARLY EGYPTIAN PERIOD.
• POWDERED GLASS WAS ORIGINALLY USED AS THE BASE OF HISTORIC GLAZES.
• MINERALS AND WATER SOLUBLE SALTS WERE ADDED WHICH ALTERED THE
COLOUR AND TEXTURE OF THE FINAL PRODUCT.
14. MATERIALS TO BE USED:
• GLASS - 100% RECYCLABLE MATERIAL.
• ALUMINUM -LESS WEIGHT, BUT HIGH STRENGTH.
• SILICONE SEALANTS - SAND GEL USED FOR BONDING GLASS.
• EPDM - ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DI AMINE MONOMER. WEATHERPROOF JOINT
SEALANTS. TO PREVENT WATER AND AIR ENTERING. TEMPERATURE UNTO 110
DEGREE KELVIN.
• STAINLESS STEEL – USED AS FRAMING MATERIALS.
15. MATERIALS:
• STRUCTURAL FRAMING - The design professional specifies the structural framing members in accordance with
design parameters of the building project. The structural framing is normally fabricated from an aluminum alloy and
may be either anodized or finished with an architectural coating. If an architectural coating is applied, it must be
done in-shop by a licensed applicator in strict conformance with the manufacturer's specification and quality control
procedures. Anodized coatings on aluminum tend to be variable, and may create problems for silicone adhesion if
not strictly monitored.
• GLASS - Glass type normally used is clear vision glass, which may be tinted or treated with a reflective coating. Other
types of glass considered by the design professional include: annealed, heat strengthened, tempered, laminated, or
insulating glass. Considerations - if the glass is treated with a reflective coating, low E coating, or an opacifier (as
with some spandrel types), structural silicone sealant adhesion to, and compatibility with, this coating must be
verified. If insulating glass is used, it shall be a high quality, dual-seal unit with a silicone secondary seal in
compliance with local specification.
• STRUCTURAL SILICONE SEALANTS - The sealant selection is made based on several factors, including: the type of
System being used, the design parameters to be met and the requirements of the glazing contractors, only high
strength silicone sealants specifically designed tested for structural glazing shall be used. General or multi purpose
silicone sealants not specifically designer for structural glazing.
16. WHY GLAZING ?
• STRUCTURALLY GLAZED SYSTEMS CREATE A GREATER TRANSPARENCY THAN TRADITIONAL CAPTURED SYSTEMS.
• THERE ARE LESS VISUAL INTERRUPTIONS DUE TO THE LACK OF METAL ON THE EXTERIOR (AND POTENTIALLY THE
INTERIOR), CREATING A SEAMLESS, CONTINUOUS GLASS LOOK.
• TRADITIONAL CAPTURED CURTAIN WALL SYSTEMS HAVE PRESSURE PLATES AND CAPS THAT CAN CONDUCT LARGE
AMOUNTS OF HEAT IN OR OUT OF THE FAÇADE DEPENDINGON THE SEASON.
• SINCE THERE IS LITTLE TO NO EXPOSED EXTERIOR METAL, THERE IS ALSO LESS THERMAL BRIDGING WITH
STRUCTURAL GLAZING, SAVING ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION COSTS.
• NEW TECHNOLOGY AND BETTER INTEGRATION WITH DAYLIGHTING AND CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEMS
ALLOWADVANCED GLAZING IN BUILDING FACADES TO :
• 1) IMPROVE THE COMFORT AND PERFORMANCE OFBUILDING OCCUPANTS.
• 2) ASSIST IN NATIONAL AND GLOBAL EFFORTS TO REDUCE.
17. TYPES:
STRUCTURAL GLAZING :
• BOLTED GLAZING
• CABLE STAYED GLAZING
• FIN SUPPORTED GLAZING
CURTAIN WALLS :
• STICK SYSTEM
• UNITIZED SYSTEM
18. DIFFERENCE:
STRUCTURAL GLAZING
• STRUCTURAL GLAZING IS A SYSTEM OF BONDING GLASS TO A
BUILDING'S STRUCTURAL FRAMING MEMBERS UTILIZING A HIGH
STRENGTH, HIGH PERFORMANCE SILICONE SEALANT SPECIFICALLY
DESIGNED AND TESTED FOR STRUCTURAL GLAZING IN STRUCTURAL
GLAZING APPLICATIONS, DYNAMIC WIND LOADS ARE TRANSFERRED
FROM THE GLASS, BY THE STRUCTURAL
• STRUCTURAL GLASS FAÇADE TECHNOLOGY EMBRACES A DESIGN
OBJECTIVE OF HIGH TRANSPARENCY AND EXPRESSED STRUCTURE, AND
INCORPORATES SOME TYPE OF GLASS AS THE CLADDING MATERIAL.
• THE FACADES ARE USED IN LONGER SPANNING APPLICATIONSWHERE AN
ALUMINUM EXTRUSION AS THE PRIMARY SPANNINGMEMBER BECOMES
IMPRACTICAL OR IMPOSSIBLE.
CURTAIN WALL
• A CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM IS AN OUTER COVERING OF A BUILDING IN
WHICH THE OUTER WALLS ARE NON-STRUCTURAL, UTILIZED TO KEEP THE
WEATHER OUT AND THE OCCUPANTS IN. SINCE THE CURTAIN WALL IS
NON-STRUCTURAL, IT CAN BE MADE OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS,
THEREBY REDUCING CONSTRUCTION COSTS.
• CURTAIN WALLS TYPICALLY SPAN ONLY FROM FLOOR TO FLOOR, THE
PRIMARY SPANNING MEMBER BEING AN ALUMINUM EXTRUSION.
CURTAIN WALLS ARE SEPARATE FROM THE BUILDING FRAMING SYSTEM,
BUT ATTACHED TO AND SUPPORTED BY IT.
• THE PANEL STRUCTURE MAY BE EXPRESSED, OR COMPLETELYCOVERED
ON BOTH THE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF THE BUILDING.
19. PROS AND CONS
ADVANTAGES
• Use of glass in construction work adds beauty to the building.
• Its use fulfills the architectural view for the external decoration and
beauty.
• Using glass in interior of the building saves the space inside the
building.
• Glass cladding in building fulfills the functional requirement of
lighting heat retention and energy saving.
• The glass is an excellent material for thermal insulation,
waterproofing, and energy conservation.
• The glass is a bad conductor of heat, hence it saves energy in air
conducting of the building.
• Glass cladding use appears a sense of openness and harmonious.
• Toughened glass can have a good interior design with the use of
glass in the transparent staircase, colored shelves, ceiling etc.
DISADVANTAGES
• It is very costly and may increase the budgeted cost of construction
work.
• Use of glass also enhances the cost of security.
• Its use in hilly are and desert may cause more maintenance cost.
• It is also unsafe for earthquake proven are.
