Industrial visit report on Ujjani dam on 22 August 2017.

NAGESH KARAJAGI ORCHID COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY , SOLAPUR (B.E. CIVIL ) R.NO.10(B) 2017-18 Page 1
INDUSTRIAL VISIT REPORT of
Department of Civil Engineering,
NKOCET, Solapur
On
22 August 2017.
Student of B.E. (Civil Engineering)
Mr. Raut Ganesh Arun
Submitted to:-
Prof .B.A.BABAR
Department of Civil Engineering

Pradnya Niketan Education Society, Pune .
NAGESH KARAJAGI ORCHID COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,SOLAPUR.
Post Box No.154, Gut No.16, Solapur – Tuljapur Road , Tale Hipparga, Solapur-413002
Phone :-(0217) 2500020/21
CERTIFICATE
This is to Certify That Mr.Raut Ganesh Arun of
Class B.E.(B) Roll No.10(B). has satisfactorily completed the
Term work of subject Visit Report as prescribed by
Solapur University, Solapur
In the Academic Year 2017-2018.
Date of Submission:-05/09/2017
SUBJECT H.O.D PRINCIPAL
INCHARGE
(Prof. B. A. Babar) (Dr. S. S. Jahagirdar)
(Dr.J.B.Dafedar)

Department of CIVIL ENGINEERING OF N.K.Orchid College of Engineering
organized one day educational visit to UJANI DAM, Madha taluka, Solapur dist,
Maharashtra on 22th
August 2017 for 173 B.E. Civil Engineering students along with 4
staff members to study different aspects of Hydroelectric power generation and discharge
through spillway.
Visit was organized with prior permission of Dr. J. B. Dafedar Sir (Principal,
NKOCET), Prof. S. S. Jahagirdar (Head of Civil Engg Dept). and under the guidance of
Prof. B. A. Babar Sir and Prof. D.S.Pawar .
Prof. B. A. Babar sir has taken the permission with
sir’s contacts from his senior engineer who was working there and guided during visit of
Dam and showed us all Dam features.
Three of our friends Mr. Suraj
ktakam and Mr. Koli Anil & Mr. Kartik Shingari helping us in arranging Buses from
Aakansha Travels, Solapur with good drivers who took and brought us back safely.
Our teachers
Prof. A. U. Phadnis and Prof. D. S. Pawar, Mr. Satish(Assistant) & Mr. Mali (Lab
asistant ) took hard efforts in planning and arranging this highly successful visit.
Students left the college for visit on 22th
August at 10.00 am .We reached Ujjani at 12.00
Noon.
Durring the visit we saw the following details of dams are as follows:-

I N D E X
Sr.No Description Page
No.
1 General information about Ujjani
project.
5-9
2 About Bhima Basin. 10-11
3 Main Features of Dam. 11-12
4 Main features of power station. 13
5 Main features of canal system. 14-15
6 Benefits from Ujjani project. 15-16
7 Spillway details. 17-18
8 Gate operation. 18
9 Photo Gallery. 19-22
10 Conclusion. 23

1. General information about Ujjani project.
Ujjani Dam, also known as Bhima Dam or Bhima Irrigation Project, on the Bhima River,
a tributary of the Krishna River, is an earthfill cum Masonry gravity dam located near
Ujjani village of Madha Taluk in Solapur district of the state of Maharashtra in India.
The Bhima River, which originates in Bhimashankar of the Western Ghats, and forms the
Bhima Valley with its tributary rivers and streams, has twenty-two dams built on it of
which the Ujjani Dam is the terminal dam on the river and is the largest in the valley that
intercepts a catchment area of 14,858 km2
(5,737 sq mi) (which includes a free catchment
of 9,766 km2
(3,771 sq mi)).The construction of the dam project including the canal
system on both banks was started in 1969 at an initial estimated cost of Rs 400 million and
when completed in June 1980 the cost incurred was of the order of Rs 3295.85 million.
The reservoir created by the 56.4 m (185 ft) high earth cum concrete gravity dam on the
Bhima River has a gross storage capacity of 3.320 km3
(0.797 cu mi). The annual
utilization is 2.410 km3
(0.578 cu mi).The project provides multipurpose benefits of
irrigation, hydroelectric power, drinking and industrial water supply and fisheries
development. The irrigation supplies benefit 500 km2
(190 sq mi) of agricultural land,
particularly in the Solapur district. Water supplied from the reservoir to irrigate
agricultural areas primarily aims to reduce incidence of famines and scarcity during
drought conditions. The reservoir operation also lessens threat due floods to cities such as
Pandharpur (an important religious pilgrimage centre for the Hindus). As a result of
irrigation facilities, some of the important crops grown under irrigated conditions are
sugarcane, wheat, millet and cotton.
Geography:-
The Bhima River on which the Ujjani Dam has been built rises from Bhimashankar hills in
the Western Ghats, also known as the Sahyadri hill range. The river flows for a length of
725 km (450 mi) till it meets the Krishna River (one of the two major river systems in
Maharashtra, the other being the Godavari River) near Raichur in Raichur district in
Karnataka .Bhima River Basin has many tributaries of which the major ones are the
Kundali River, Kumandala River, Ghod river, Bhama River, Indrayani River, Mula River,
Mutha River, Pavna River, Bori, Sina, Man, Bhogwati and Nira. The total drainage area of
48,631 km2
(18,777 sq mi) of Bhima River basin, an inter state river basin, covers both
Maharashtra (75%) and Karnataka (25%) states, out of which 14,858 km2
(5,737 sq mi)
drains into the Ujjani Reservoir created by the Ujjani Dam. The Upper Bhima River basin
is subdivided into three zones namely northern, middle and southern, the main stem of

the river is in the middle zone where the Bhima Dam is built, while the southern zone is
dominated by five reservoirs. The basin above the dam has intense rural, agricultural,
urban and industrial activities. The river basin, which has a slope from west to east has
extreme physiographic and agro-climatic variations. The drainage basin has rich and
fertile agricultural land, and several water resources development projects have been
built on its river system. Government of Maharashtra has classified the stretches of the
Upper Bhima River for the purpose of various uses as, A-I for drinking water without
conventional treatment but after disinfection, A-II Drinking water after conventional
treatment followed by disinfection, A-III for fish and wildlife propagation and A-IV for
agriculture, industrial cooling and process.The dam and the reservoir are approachable
from Pune city, which is 160 km (99 mi) away.The dam is about 5 mi (8.0 km) upstream
of the bridge across the Bhima River on the Pune-Sholapur Road.
Climate:-
The basin experiences tropical monsoon climatic conditions. The rainfall is dictated by
the southwest monsoon, which varies from 6,000–3,000 mm (240–120 in) (from South to
North) near the North–South trending mountain range of the basin but drastically drops
to 700 mm (28 in) within a distance of 70 km (43 mi) towards the east. The average
annual precipitation of the basin above the dam in the Upper Bhima River Basin (UBB)
has been assessed as 1,096 mm (43.1 in) out of which 945 mm (37.2 in) (87%) occurs
during the four monsoon months (mid June to mid September). Thereafter, the basin
falls under the rain shadow area towards east with rainfall incidence ranging between
450–600 mm (18–24 in) and is thus under drought conditions quite frequently.
Hydrology:-
Based on rainfall data and other characteristics of the basin, the average annual yield of
the Upper Bhima River basin has been assessed as 7.373 km3
(1.769 cu mi). Since the
Bhima River which is a major tributary of the Krishna River is an interstate river, the flows
are shared by the Upper riparian state of Maharashtra with the lower riparian Karnataka
state. The Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal, in its award in the year 1976 permitted
Maharashtra to use only 4.753 km3
(1.140 cu mi) from the Upper Bhima River Basin.The
Bhima or Ujjani dam has planned annual utilization of 1.878 km3
(0.451 cu mi) (including
evaporation losses).

Fig.Map of Ujjani Dam

Salients Features Of Ujjani Dam:-

2. About Bhima Basin
There are 16 Dams on Bhima basin hold less than 10% water.
The Bhima River is a major river in South India. It flows northeast for 861 kilometres
(535 mi) through Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Telangana states, before entering the
Krishna River. After the first sixty-five kilometers in a narrow valley through rugged
terrain,the banks open up and form a fertile agricultural area which is densely populated.
The river is prone to turning into gold during the summer season. In 2005 there was severe
flooding in Solapur, Bijapur and Gulbarga districts.The river is also referred to as
Chandrabhaga River, especially at Pandharpur, as it resembles the shape of the Moon.
Bhima river also flows from Daund taluka.
The Bhima River flows southeast for a long journey of 861 kilometres (535 mi), with
many smaller rivers as tributaries. It originates near Bhimashankar Temple in the
Bhimashankar hills in khed Taluka on the western side of the Western Ghats, known as
Sahyadri, in Pune District, Maharashtra state, at 19°04′03″N 073°33′00″E.[4]
It flows
through Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary where it enters Khed Taluka and is soon joined
by its tributary, the Aria River from the right (west) which flows into the Chas Kaman
Reservoir.Upstream on the Aria is the Rajgurunagar-Kalmodi Dam impounding the
Kalmodi Reservoir. The Chas Kaman Reservoir is impounded by the Chas Kaman
Dam,the most upstream dam on the Bhima River proper. The village of Chas is on the left
bank some 16 km below the dam. Some 5 km along the river below the bridge on the
Bhirma at Chas, the Kumandala River enters from the right. From there it is 8 km along
the river to the railroad bridge at the town of Rajgurunagar (Khed) on the left bank. In
18 km further along the river, the Bhima River enters from the right just above the village
of Pimpalgaon on the left bank. From there to Siddhegavhan along the river is 10 km.
Siddhegavhan is the last village in Khed Taluka on the left.
After leaving Khed Taluka, the Bhima forms the boundary between Havali Taluka[11]
on
the right (south) and Shirur Taluka on the left (north). From the Bhima's intersection to the
Indrayani River, which also enters from the right, is 14 km along the river. At the
confluence is the town of Tulapur on the right bank in Havali Taluka. The Bhima River,
the Indrayani River and the Mula-Mutha River are the major tributaries of the Bhima that
drain western Pune. After the Indrayani, in about 4 km down stream the Dhomal River
enters from the right, at the village of Wadhu Budruk. Shortly thereafter (3.5 km) the
Bhima passes under the SH 60 bridge at the town of Koregaon Bhima. From Koregaon
going east, downstream 16 km, is the confluence with the Vel River (Wel River) from the
left (north) and the village of Vittalwadi. The Vel River also arises in Ambegaon Taluka,
east of the Bhima, and flows through Khed Taluka and into Shirur Taluka before flowing

into the Bhima. With Vittalwadi on the left, the right side of the river leaves Haveli
Taluka and enters Daund Taluka.
From Vittalwadi the Bhima meanders northwest and 14 km after the Vel River enters
from the left, the Kamania River (Kamina) enters from the left at the village of Parodi.
After the Kamania River enters, the river meanders back southeast for 23 km to the
confluence with the Mula-Mutha River from the right[
at the village of Ranjangaon
Sandas. The Mula-Mutha River flows from the city of Pune where it is a combination of
the Mula River and the Mutha River.
31 km after the Mula-Mutha River, the Ghod River enters from the left (north)[19]
across
the Bhima from the village of Nanvij (Nanwij). The Ghod River is the last of the Western
Ghat tributaries of the Bhima. Shirur Taluka stops at the Ghod River, and Shrigonda
Taluka of Ahmednagar District continues on the left (northeast) side of the river.
Downstream just 6 km from the Ghod River, is the city of Daund on the right (southwest)
bank
Chandani, Kamini, Moshi, Bori, Sina, Man, Bhogavati river and Nira are the major
tributaries of the river in Solapur District. Of these, the Nira river meets with the Bhima
between Nira Narsingpur in Pune District and Malshiras Taluka in Solapur district.
Bhima merges into the Krishna along the border between Karnataka and Telangana about
24 km north of Raichur. At the point where the two rivers meet, the Bhima is actually
longer than the Krishna in length.
3.Main Features of Dam.
The Ujjani Dam commissioned in June 1980 is an earth cum concrete masonry dam,
which has created a multipurpose reservoir. The total length of the dam is 2,534 m
(8,314 ft), which comprises a central portion which is the spillway dam of 602 m
(1,975 ft) length, of concrete gravity section of 56.4 m (185 ft) (maximum height above
the deepest foundation level). The spillway is flanked by Non Overflow (NOF) concrete
gravity dams of 314 m (1,030 ft) length. Earth dam sections flank the NOF dams on the
left and right banks. The volume content of the dams is 3.320 km3
(0.797 cu mi). The
gross storage capacity created is 3.320 km3
(0.797 cu mi) at the Full Reservoir Level
(FRL) of 497.58 m (1,632.5 ft).[1]
The spillway, structure has an Ogee shaped downstream
slope designed to dispose a design flood discharge of 15,717 m3
/s (555,000 cu ft/s) (the
maximum probable flood discharge of 18,013 m3
/s (636,100 cu ft/s) and a breaching
section is provided between the NOF block and the earth dam section, controlled by 41
radial gates of 12 m (39 ft)x6.5 m (21 ft) size erected over the crest of the dam. In

addition, four river sluices (gate controlled) are also provided in the body of the spillway
pier numbers 3, 4, 5 and 6 with outlet level at 470 m (1,540 ft), with each sluice designed
for a discharge capacity of 60 m3
/s (2,100 cu ft/s) for silt flushing. The energy dissipation
arrangements on the downstream slope of the spillway is in the form of high level and low
level slotted roller bucket type. Measuring instruments have been installed in the body of
the dam to record and analyse various parameters related to the behaviour of the dam over
the years as part of the dam safety programme .The dam is founded on massive basaltic
rock formations.
The reservoir created by the dam has a water spread area of 357 km2
(138 sq mi) at the
High Flood Level (HFL) and 336.5 km2
(129.9 sq mi) at Full Reservoir Level causing
submergence of land and houses in 82 villages.[1][4]
The reservoir stretches upstream of the
dam to a length of around 50 km, and the maximum width of the reservoir is 8 km
(5.0 mi). The rim of the reservoir periphery measures 670 km (420 mi)
As a result of reservoir submergence, realignment of railway line (of the Daund Solapur
section) to a length of 33.251 km (20.661 mi), realignment of National Highway No. 9
between Pune and Solapur sector over a length of 23.4 km (14.5 mi), and the State
Highway between Tembhurni and Karmala to the extent of 15.35 km (9.54 mi) was
involved.
Two years after commissioning of the project, the reservoir water quality was tested to
establish its suitability for various uses. The physical and chemical analysis indicated that
the pH values, free carbon dioxide, total hardness, alkalinity, nitrates, nitrites, chlorides,
sulphates, calcium and magnesium were within prescribed limits. Heavy metals, copper
and lead were not present. However, during the rainy season, the iron content though high,
was found to be within permissible limits. Potassium and ammonia were within prescribed
safe limits of acceptance for use of stored water for drinking, industrial use and for fish
propagation.[12]
However, since its creation in 1980, it is now recorded that substantial
quantity of the untreated sewage is discharged into the streams which flow into the Ujjani
Reservoir, particularly in the river stretch close to the Pune city
The reservoir created by the Ujjani dam is also one of the largest backwaters in India,
Since its creation in 1980, the reservoir backwaters attract, every year, a large number of
migratory birds (from North India and other countries); about 100–150 species of
flamingos and cormorants are reported.[13]
The migratory bird species in the Ujjani
reservoir have been studied by the Science and Technology Park (STP), a Pune-based
institution. Some of the key species which are found around backwaters are: greater
flamingos, pheasant-tailed jacana, painted stork, moorhen, small pratincole, river terns,
aquatic insects, pied kingfisher and stilts.

4. Main features of power station.
A pumped storage type powerhouse has been built at the toe of the dam with an installed
capacity of 12 MW (one unit of vertical Francis-reversible pump turbine) on the left bank
of the dam, 65 m (213 ft) downstream from the axis of the dam. It operates under 20
percent load factor under a range of maximum head of 36.77 m (120.6 ft) and minimum
head of 25.6 m (84 ft).
The hydropower component involved construction of a 13.42 m
(44.0 ft) high weir, 915 m (3,002 ft) below the Ujjani Dam to control the lower pond for
operation during the pumping mode.[16]
A penstock pipe of 3.2 m (10 ft) diameter (12 mm
(0.47 in) thick) and 70 m (230 ft) length embedded in the dam diverts the flow of 44 m3
/s
(1,600 cu ft/s) from a gate controlled trash racks (15 panels) covered intake into the
powerhouse. The lower pond in the pumped storage scheme of operation was built
initially itself, soon after commissioning of the dam. The power plant is reported to be
providing benefits since then. However, the power generation estimated initially at 105
GWh was expected to reduce to 21 GWh, as water was utilized for irrigation through the
RBC and LBC canal systems.
During the drought year 2015, the inflows into the reservoir were very meagre due to
failure of rains in the catchment area. However nearly 36 tmcft dead storage water
available in the reservoir could not be used for the dire needs. With minor external
modifications to the exiting reversible hydro turbine unit, all the dead storage water can be
put to use during the drought years by using the hydro power plant for pumping water into
the nearby left canal. Water would be released downstream into the tail pond over the
spillway (if needed by siphon pipes). The pen stock of the hydro power unit is extended
(less than 100 m long) to connect to the nearby left canal. The hydro power unit is
operated in pumping mode to pump water from the tail pond to the left canal when the
reservoir level is below the canal's minimum draw down level (MDDL). The pen stock
extension piping is detached when water pumping to the canal is not required to restore its
normal power generation when the reservoir level is above the left canal's MDDL.

5. Main features of canal system.
Ujjani dam is largest dam on bhima river. 22 dams built on bhima river, which the Ujjani
Dam is the terminal dam on the river and is the largest in the valley that intercepts a
catchment area of 14856 square km. The Ujjani Dam commissioned in June 1980 is an
earth cum concrete masonry dam, which has created a multipurpose reservoir. The total
length of the dam is 2,534 meter, which comprises a central portion which is the spillway
dam of 602 m length. The spillway is flanked by Non Overflow (NOF) concrete gravity
dams of 314 m length. Earth dam sections flank the NOF dams on the left and right
banks. Irrigation from the storage created in the reservoir are provided via two irrigation
canal systems originating from the dam – The Left Bank Main Canal (LBMC) and The Right
Bank Main canal (RBMC).

6. Benefits from Ujjani project.
The Ujjani Dam and its large reservoir provide multi-purpose benefits of irrigation,
hydroelectric power generation, drinking and industrial water supply, and fisheries.
Irrigation:-
Irrigation from the storage created in the reservoir are provided via two irrigation canal
systems originating from the dam – The Left Bank Main Canal (LBMC) and The Right
Bank Main canal (RBMC) – the LBMC is 126 km (78 mi) long, designed to carry a
discharge of 109 m3
/s (3,800 cu ft/s) and provides irrigation to a command of 688.4 km2
(265.8 sq mi) while the RBMC, which is 112 km (70 mi) long, designed to carry 42.5 m3
/s
(1,500 cu ft/s) provides irrigation benefits to an area of 44,100 m3
/s (1,560,000 cu ft/s)
through its network of canal system.[1]
Bhima to Sina interlink (Jod Kalava) with 21 km long tunnel from Ujjani reservoir is
constructed to supply water for vast lands in catchment area of Sina tributary.

The storage created by the Ujjani Dam has resulted in the irrigation of 500 km2
(190 sq mi), particularly in Solapur district, resulting in doubling the yield of sorghum
(jowar) and tripling the yield of groundnut.[14]
Farmers management organizations set up
in the command area of the project are an important component of equitable distribution
of irrigation under the rotational irrigation water management practice followed in the
command. The irrigation component of the Ujjani Dam project was co-financed by IFAD
and the World Bank with specific objective to enhance the social and economic conditions
of the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribe people in the command.
Hydropower:-
A pumped storage type powerhouse has been built at the toe of the dam with an installed
capacity of 12 MW (one unit of vertical Francis-reversible pump turbine) on the left bank
of the dam, 65 m (213 ft) downstream from the axis of the dam. It operates under 20
percent load factor under a range of maximum head of 36.77 m (120.6 ft) and minimum
head of 25.6 m (84 ft).[1][15]
The hydropower component involved construction of a
13.42 m (44.0 ft) high weir, 915 m (3,002 ft) below the Ujjani Dam to control the lower
pond for operation during the pumping mode.A penstock pipe of 3.2 m (10 ft) diameter
(12 mm (0.47 in) thick) and 70 m (230 ft) length embedded in the dam diverts the flow of
44 m3
/s (1,600 cu ft/s) from a gate controlled trash racks (15 panels) covered intake into
the powerhouse. The lower pond in the pumped storage scheme of operation was built
initially itself, soon after commissioning of the dam. The power plant is reported to be
providing benefits since then. However, the power generation estimated initially at 105
GWh was expected to reduce to 21 GWh, as water was utilized for irrigation through the
RBC and LBC canal systems.
During the drought year 2015, the inflows into the reservoir were very meagre due to
failure of rains in the catchment area. However nearly 36 tmcft dead storage water
available in the reservoir could not be used for the dire needs. With minor external
modifications to the exiting reversible hydro turbine unit, all the dead storage water can be
put to use during the drought years by using the hydro power plant for pumping water into
the nearby left canal. Water would be released downstream into the tail pond over the
spillway (if needed by siphon pipes). The pen stock of the hydro power unit is extended
(less than 100 m long) to connect to the nearby left canal. The hydro power unit is
operated in pumping mode to pump water from the tail pond to the left canal when the
reservoir level is below the canal's minimum draw down level (MDDL). The pen stock
extension piping is detached when water pumping to the canal is not required to restore its
normal power generation when the reservoir level is above the left canal's MDDL.

7. Spillway details.
 Spillway is located in River Gorge portion of length 602 m.
 Ogee shaped gated over flow section with slotted roller bucket type.
 It consists of low level slotted roller bucket 239 m length invert at RL
454.00m and high level slotted roller bucket 366 m length with invert at R.L.
460 m.
 Flood design discharge at F.R.L. 15717 Cumecs / 555041 Cusecs
 Flood design discharge at M.W.L 18000 Cumecs / 635665 Cusecs
 Hydraulic operation schedule of spillway is based on model study which has
been done at M.E.R.I.
8. Gate operation.
• It is sequence of gates and stages of floods.
• Aim is to ensure safety of dam.
• Dam has two stilling basins at two different elevations therefore the gates with
stilling basin lower level should be operated first.
• Opening Of Gates
• End gates should be operated first to avoid cross flow striking against guide walls &
junction.

• After that central gate & other gates should opened in symmetrical manner starting
from the centre towards the end through gradual increase in the opening.
• ( i.e. 1&16, 8&9, 7&10…2&15,) ( 1&41, 29, 28&30,17&31,…18&40)
• Difference of gate opening in any two consecutive gates should not be more than 50
cm.
Closing of Gates:-
• Closing of gates should be reverse of the opening i.e.gate opened last should be
closed first.
• Sequence 2&15,3&14,4&13…last 1& 16
• For 17 to 41 gates 18&40, 19&39, 20&38…29
Last 17& 41
• During closing lower the gate by 20-30 cm in proper sequence

9. Photo Gallery.
Pict. Left Hand Canal
Pict. At the time of visit there was breakage of Rubber seal of opening Gate.

Pict. Dam body Along with Hydro-power generation plant.
Pict. Hydropower Generation.

Pict. Water on Down stream Side.
Pict. Students Arrival at Gallery place.

Pict. Inspection Gallery details.
Pict. Students along with Prof. Babar sir .

10. Conclusion
During visit to ujjani Project, initially the entire basin map of Bhima Basin was studied.
We were understand the therotical knowledge on actual dam site . so, that the what ever
problems are coming during the theory that are cleared during visit.We saw the Over
flow,Non-Over flow Sections of dam. We were also saw the maintenance of Gates of dam
of moving or lifting by girders. We were also saw the Spillway details & their operating
system. We were saw the water taken from U/S of dam to power station by penstoke pipe.
We also saw the details of power station i.e turbines & their working. etc.
Overall we getting the knowledge of dam details that will be helpful for our bright future.
THANK YOU

Industrial visit report on Ujjani dam on 22 August 2017.

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