dams and barrages and their impact on environment.

1. TOPICTOPIC
DAMS AND BARRAGES AND
THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS

2. DAMS
• A dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams.
• worldwide in development.
• generate electric power.
• manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions.
• evenly distributed between locations.
• The earliest known dam is the Jawa Dam in Jordan, 100 kilometres (62 mi)
northeast of the capital Amman.

4. BENEFITS OF DAMSOF DAMS
• Power generation
• Water supply
• Stabilize water flow / irrigation
• Flood prevention
• Land reclamation
• Recreation and aquatic beauty
• Navigation

5. DAMS IN PAKISTAN

6. LIST OF DAMS IN PAKISTAN

7. DISADVANTAGES OF DAMS
• Seepage and evaporation
• Groundwater table effects
• Sedimentation behind dams
• Erosion downstream by sediment-starved waters
• Clogging of rivers by side-canyon floods

8. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DAMS
• Biological, chemical and physical properties of rivers
• blocks fish migrations
• traps sediments
• Changes in temperature, chemical composition, dissolved oxygen
levels and the physical properties of a reservoir are often not suitable
to the aquatic plants and animals.
• reservoirs often host non-native and invasive species (e.g. snails,
algae, predatory fish)
• species in the area

9. • water qualitywater quality
• fertility of the landfertility of the land
• problems of pollutionproblems of pollution
• Social impactsSocial impacts
• Soil ErosionSoil Erosion
• Species ExtinctionSpecies Extinction
• Spread of Disease

10. CHANGES TO EARTH'S ROTATIONCHANGES TO EARTH'S ROTATION
• Nasa geophysicist Dr. Benjamin Fong Chao found evidence that
large dams cause changes to the earth's rotation, because of the shift
of water weight from oceans to reservoirs. Because of the number of
dams which have been built, the Earth's daily rotation has apparently
sped up by eight-millionths of a second since the 1950s. Chao said it
is the first time human activity has been shown to have a measurable
effect on the Earth's motion.

11. BARRAGES
• special kind of dam
• a line of large gates that can be opened or
closed.
• control the amount of water passing the dam
• control and stabilize water flow for
irrigation systems.
• Raising of water level for diversion in to a
canal

12. LIST OF BARRAGES IN PAKISTAN:
• Chashma BarrageChashma Barrage
• Guddu BarrageGuddu Barrage
• Jinnah BarrageJinnah Barrage
• Kotri BarrageKotri Barrage
• Littel BarrageLittel Barrage
• Sukkur BarrageSukkur Barrage
• Taunsa BarrageTaunsa Barrage

14. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
• Turbidity
• Sediment movements
• Fish
• Salinity
• mosquitoes to breed
• trees disappeared.
• disposal of sewerage into the lake. Waste of more than 2,50.000
humans is dumped directly into the lake

15. Thank YOU