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2. New York a state in the Mid-Atlantic and
Northeastern regions of the United States and is
the nation's third most populous. The state is
bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the
south, and Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont
to the east. The state has a maritime border with
Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an
international border with the Canadian provinces
of Quebec and Ontario to the north.
New York is often referred to as New York State to
distinguish it from New York City. New York City,
which is the largest city in the state and in the
United States, is known for its history as a
gateway for immigration to the United States and
its status as a financial, cultural,
transportation, and manufacturing center. Both
state and city were named for the 17th century
Duke of York, James Stuart, future James II and VII
of England and Scotland.

3. New York, the quot;Empire Statequot;, has been at the
center of American politics, finance, industry,
transportation and culture since the Dutch
Republic first founded New Netherland as a trading
colony in the 17th century. That colony would be
lost to the Kingdom of England and later, from
Great Britain, would gain its independence in the
American Revolution to eventually become part of
the United States of America.
The Patriot organization, the Sons of Liberty,
were active in New York in the 1760s and early
1770s following the Stamp Acts and continuing with
the Intolerable Acts, and clashes with British
troops peaked with the Battle of Golden Hill and
the long-running skirmishes over Liberty poles. A
Committee of Correspondence was created by
Patriots by 1774 to coordinate with like-minded
people in the Thirteen Colonies seeking to demand
what they saw were their rights as Englishmen

4. Correspondence led to the creation of the New
York Provincial Congress, which effectively
replaced the British ruling apparatus by 1775. The
New York Provincial Congress sent delegates to
the Second Continental Congress, where they voted
for independence unanimously. The state of New
York was created on July 9, 1776. Soon after, a
permanent Committee for Detecting and Defeating
Conspiracies was formed which passed many laws
allowing the prosecution of proven or suspected
enemies of the rebellion. After their civil rights
were revoked and their property confiscated (see
Bill of attainder) many sought refuge in British-
controlled areas. In 1777, the state required a
stringent oath of allegiance from its citizens,
those who refused were exiled to British-occupied
New York City. The New York Provincial Congress
was replaced with the state government with the
adoption of the Constitution of New York, 1777.