Studies on certain aspects of root surface fungi. ii

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Studies on certain aspects of root surface fungi. II Succession of fungi on decomposing Pennisetum typhoides (Burm. f.) Stapf et Hubb.

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Two wastes from animal origin, viz., human hairs and egg shells were evaluated for different manifestations of white oyster mushroom, Pleurotus florida. The mushroom utilized both the substrates for their growth and sporophore formation. The mycelial growth was significantly (P=0.05) faster on egg shell (18 days) as compared to human hair (23 days). The crop of mushroom was harvested in four flushes where human hairs showed higher yield and biological efficiency of mushroom (165 gm, 33%) than egg shells (155 gm, 31%), respectively. In respect of yield parameters such as yield, biological efficiency, number of mushroom fruit bodies and average weight of sporophores, both the substrates were statistically at par to each other. Utilization of human hairs egg shells by P. florida reveals a new strategy for mycoremediation of these wastes.

Comparison of Growth and Development of Pleurotus florida against Wastes from...

Dr. siddhant

Eight different kinds of papers, viz., glaze paper, brown paper, news paper, magazine paper, chart paper, kite paper, rough copy paper and A-4 size printing paper, and two types of cardboard viz., corrugated cardboard and card board were evaluated for different manifestations of white oyster mushroom Pleurotus florida Strain-P1. Among them news paper was later treated as a control. The mushroom was utilized all the substrates for their growth and sporophore formation. Majority substrates were taken almost equal time for spawn run, primordial development and fruiting bodies maturation. The measured parameters were net yield (Weight of fresh mushrooms), biological efficiency, number of fruiting bodies produced and average weight of sporophores varied among themselves. The crop of mushroom was harvested in three flushes where yield and biological efficiency ranged 190-495 gm, 38-99% for the substrate used. Magazine paper (450 gm; 90%) and card board (495 gm; 99%) produced significant (P=0.05) yield and biological efficiency over control. They also produced significant number of mushroom fruit bodies (56 and 64, respectively). Corrugated cardboard (10.29 gm) was found significant in terms of average weight per sporocarp. The percentage yield of different substrates was also evaluated. Among the substrates, card board contributed 14% of total mushroom production followed by magazine paper (13%) and news paper (12%).

Determination of the Paper Quality as a Substrate for Oyster Mushroom Cultiva...

Dr. siddhant

Eight different kinds of papers, viz., glaze paper, brown paper, news paper, magazine paper, chart paper, kite paper, rough copy paper and A-4 size printing paper and two types of cardboards viz., corrugated cardboard and card board were evaluated for different manifestations of white oyster mushroom Pleurotus florida Strain-P1. Among them news paper was later treated as a control. The mushroom utilized all the substrates for their growth and sporophore formation. Majority of substrates took almost equal time for spawn run primordial development and fruit bodies maturation. The yield parameters such as yield, biological efficiency, number of mushroom fruit bodies and average weight of sporophores varied among themselves. The crop of mushroom was harvested in three flushes where yield and biological efficiency ranged 190-495 gm, 38-99% for the substrate used. Magazine paper (450 gm; 90%) and card board (495 gm; 99%) produced significant (P=0.05) yield and biological efficiency over control. They also produced significant number of mushroom fruit bodies (56 and 64, respectively). Corrugated cardboard (10.29 gm) was found significant in terms of average weight per sporocarp. The percentage yield of different substrates was also evaluated. Among the substrates, card board contributed 14 % of total mushroom production followed by magazine paper (13%) and news paper (12%).

Transform papers-into-food

Dr. siddhant

Aims: Cultivation of oyster mushrooms has increased vastly in a global scale during last few decades. Contaminants and indigenous microflora present in the substrate may led to the low productivity of mushrooms. Keeping this in mind, the present study was under-taken with slight modification in substrate preparation technique to eliminate dust particles from the substrate and to assure contamination free mushroom production. Study Design: Comparative evaluation between modified approach and control beds. Place and Duration: The study was carried out in Shri Laxman Prasad Pyare Lal Agro Products, Ayodhya during 2017. Methodology: The wheat straw substrate was immersed in the drum containing tap water, mixing properly and allowed to stand for 10-15 min to settle down the dust particle in the bottom of the drum. After that, the floating substrate was transferred to the slant surface so that the extra water was decanted off. This substrate was put in to the steam sterilised gunny bag and steeped in the chemical solution consisting of Formaldehyde (500 ppm) and Bovistin (75 ppm) for 18 h. For the Short Communication Siddhant et al.; AJAHR, 2(2): 1-5, 2018; Article no.AJAHR.44907 2 control, fresh wheat straw was put in to the steam sterilised gunny bag and steeped directly in the chemical solution as suggested above. After removal of excess water, the substrate was used for spawning with inoculums of Pleurotus sajor-caju, Strain- Malaysia. Results: Beds with modified approach showed a complete absence of contaminants during entire crop cycle which showed the effectiveness of modified method while beds treated as control showed little incidence of various contaminants viz., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus, Curvularia sp., Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus stolonifer with 6.67-20.00 percent incidence. Conclusion: The results revealed that the modified method should be considered to contamination free mushroom production.

A Modified Approach in Substrate Preparation Technique for Small Scale Oyster...

Dr. siddhant

Two wastes from animal origin, viz., human hairs and egg shells were evaluated for different manifestations of white oyster mushroom, Pleurotus florida. The mushroom utilized both the substrates for their growth and sporophore formation. The mycelial growth was significantly (P=0.05) faster on egg shell (18 days) as compared to human hair (23 days). The crop of mushroom was harvested in four flushes where human hairs showed higher yield and biological efficiency of mushroom (165gm, 33%) than egg shells (155gm, 31%), respectively. In respect of yield parameters such as yield, biological efficiency, number of mushroom fruit bodies and average weight of sporophores, both the substrates were statistically at par to each other. Utilization of human hairs and egg shells by P. florida reveals a new strategy for mycoremediation of these wastes.

Comparison of Growth and Development of Pleurotus florida against Wastes fr...

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Spawned Casing vs Simple Casing

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During an extensive survey of fungi from Faizabad (U.P.), the author came across two important diseases, viz., wet rot of Cereus hexagonus caused by Periconia byssoides Pers ex Me'rat and fruit rot of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels caused by Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb. ex Corda, new to India. The specimen has been deposited in the Department of Botany, K.S.S. P.G. College, Faizabad under Accession No. RSK 415 and 558.

Wet rot disease of Cereus hexagonus and fruit rot of Syzygium cumini, new to ...

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Record of periconia byssoides on four o clock plant from india

Dr. siddhant

Periconia byssoides is known to parasite a number of plants in India but so far not reported on Capsicum annuum L. The small spherical to irregular spots of light brown colour gradually enlarged and merged subsequently to form continuous dark brown to black patches on stem, leaves and fruits. The whole plant were soon infected and ultimately dried within 20-25 days. The damage was about 70-85 per cent. The fungus was isolated on PDA medium by usual methods. The specimen has been deposited (No. RSK-142) in the herbarium of Botany Department, K.S.S. P.G. College, Faizabad. Cited this as: R.S. Kanaujia and R.S. Verma (1979): Periconia rot of Capsicum annuum in India. Indian Phytopathology. 32(3): 445.

Periconia rot of capsicum annum in india

Dr. siddhant

In December 1978, the author observed the stored fruits of Citrus reticulata Blanco severely infected by a fungus causing soft rot in local fruit market of Faizabad. The entire fruit surface was densely covered by the fungus causing the rot. The fungus was isolated on PDA medium and identified as Trichoderma lignorum (Tode) harz. In India, T. lignorum has been found on various substrates, viz., soil, rhizosphere region of Pennisetum typhoides, paddy straw of mushroom beds, phyllosphere of Impatiens balsamina and Citrus crysocarpa but not on Citrus reticulata and the present association is a new record for India. Cited this as: R.S. Kanaujia (1979): Fruit rot of mandarin orange. Indian Phytopathology. 32(3):450.

Fruit rot of mandarin orange

Dr. siddhant

Short hole disease of Alocasia indica Schott, caused by Phoma exigua Desm., earlier unknown to India has been reported from Faizabad. The infection was chiefly confined to the margins of lamina. It started as small nonchlorophyllous spots near the fronds. The spots gradually enlarged irregularly upto 2-3 cm sq. area of the leaf, merged and in final stage, necrosis and then short holes appeared within a month. The pathogenicity tests performed by standard methods proved pathogenic nature of the fungus.

Notes on a new fungal disease of alocasia indica

Dr. siddhant

During survey of fungi causing disease in plants at Faizabad (U.P.), authors observed infection of wet rot disease on Amaranthus viridis L. plants growing as mixed crop with Abelmoschus esculentus at Ram Kote, Ayodhya of Faizabad district in September, 1976. The infection was severe during flowering when percentage of infection recorded was upto 60-70. The microscopic studies of the original specimen and that grown on Czapek's Agar Medium match with the description of Gilman for Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berk. & Rav.) Thaxter. The pathogenicity of the fungus was established. This is the first report of this fungus on Amaranthus viridis (Chaulai).

Wet rot of amaranthus viridis

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Abnormality in archegoniophore of marchantia polymorpha l.

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Different bran, viz., wheat, rice, maize, barley (cereal bran), sorghum (millet bran) pea, gram and pigeon pea (legume bran) were evaluated as supplement @ 10% on dry weight basis of substrate for enhancing yield and biological efficiency of Pleurotus flabellatus. Among the bran used, wheat, rice, sorghum, pea and pigeon pea bran produced significant yield and biological efficiency of mushroom than the control. It was recorded maximum in rice bran (655 g, 131%) followed by wheat bran (615 g, 123%), pea bran (600 g, 120%), pigeon pea bran (595 g, 109%) and sorghum bran (580 g, 116%). Significantly (P=0.05) higher weight/sporocarp was obtained from the barley (12.50 g), pea (13.63 g) and pigeon pea bran (15.42 g) while none of them produced significant no of sporocarp.

Effect of cereal, millet and legume bran supplement on yield and biological e...

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Studies on certain ecological aspects of soil fungi

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Studies on certain ecological aspects of soil fungi. VII

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