This document discusses modal verbs and their forms and uses in English. It explains that modal verbs do not have an -s form in the third person singular. They are followed by the base form of verbs and have no infinitives or -ing forms. Modal verbs express attitudes, opinions and judgements rather than facts. Each modal verb has multiple meanings, including expressing possibility or probability. The document then discusses the specific modal verbs have to/has to, can, be allowed to, should, and must - explaining their affirmative, negative and interrogative forms as well as common uses to express obligations, permissions, suggestions and advice.

1. MODAL VERBS BY MARÍA GUADALUPE GARCÍA

3. 3. MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS ARE FOLLOWED BY THE SIMPLE FORM OF THE VERB.THE EXCEPTION IS OUGHT TO. EX: YOU MUST GO I ´LL HELP YOU YOU OUGHT TO SEE A DOCTOR 4. THEY HAVE NO INFINITIVES AND NO –ING FORMS. OTHER EXPRESSIONS ARE USED INSTEAD. EX: I CAN READ I HAVE TO STUDY I´D LOVE TO BE ABLE TO SKI I HATE HAVING TO GET EARLY ON WINTER MORNINGS 5. THEY DON´T USUALLY HAVE PAST FORMS. INSTEAD, WE CAN USE THEM WITH PERFECT INFINITIVES. EX: YOU SHOULD HAVE TOLD ME THAT YOU CAN´T RUN. YOU MIGHT HAVE COLLAPSED. OR WE USE OTHER EXPRESSIONS Ex: I HAD TO STUDY HARD IN SCHOOL.

5. “ Where´s Sue?” “ Im not sure. She may be at work” (= possibility). HAVE(GOT) TO,CAN,ALLOWED TO, HAVE TO AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE FORM I You We They Have to Don´t have to Work hard He She Has to Doesn´t have to work hard

6. INTERROGATIVE FORM HAVE TO IS USED TO EXPRESS OBLIGATION. IT EXPRESSES A GENERAL OBLIGATION BASED ON A LAW OR RULE, OR BASED ON THE AUTHORITY OF ANOTHER PERSON. IT IS IMPERSONAL. Ex: CHILDREN HAVE TO GO T SCHOOL UNTIL THEY ARE 16( A LAW) MOM SAYS YOU HAVE TO CLEAN YOUR ROOM BEFORE YOU GO OUT. ( MOTHER´S ORDER) DO YOU WE THEY I HAVE TO WORK HARD?

7. BE ALLOWED TO AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE FORM INTERROGATIVE FORM I YOU WE THEY AM ALLOWED TO ARE ALLOWED TO AREN´T ALLOWED TO PARK HERE HE SHE IS ALLOWED TO ISN´T ALLOWED TO PARK HERE AM I ALLOWED TO PARK HERE? ARE YOU WE THEY ALLOWED TO PARK HERE? IS HE ALLOWED TO PARK HERE?

8. CAN CAN IS A MODAL VERB. CAN AND BE ALLOWED TO EXPRESS PERMISSION CAN IS MORE INFORMAL AND USUALLY SPOKEN. Ex: YOU CAN BORROW MY CAR, BUT YOU CAN´T HAVE MY BOAT. YOU CAN´T COME IN HERE WITH THOSE MUDDY SHOES! YOU´RE ALLOWED TO USE A DICTIONARY FOR THIS TEST. SHOULD AND MUST FORM