The document summarizes the direct energy deposition (DED) 3D printing process. DED creates parts by directly melting materials using a focused energy source like a laser, electron beam, or plasma arc, and depositing the materials layer by layer. There are different types of DED based on the energy source (laser, electron beam, plasma arc) and material feedstock (powder, wire). DED has advantages like high build rates and ability to repair parts, but also disadvantages like high capital costs and low build resolution. DED is used in industries like aerospace, defense, and marine for applications like aircraft components and tooling repair.

1. VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI, KARNATAKA -590018
Presentation on
“ DIRECT ENERGY DEPOSITION PROCESS.”
BY :
AKHIL BABU 1SG18ME006
AMIT A PATIL 1SG18ME009
DEEKSHITH GOWDA B M 1SG18ME022
SUBMITTED TO – Prof. ANIL KUMAR Sir
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SAPTHAGIRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
14/5, Chikkasandra, Hesarghatta Main Road, Bengaluru-560057

2. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. TYPES
3. ADVANTAGES
4. DISADVANTAGES
5. APPLICATIONS

3. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS DIRECT ENERGY DEPOSITION?
The Directed Energy Deposition (DED) 3D printing technology, also
known as Direct Energy Deposition, creates parts by directly melting
materials and deposing them on the workpiece, layer by layer. This
additive manufacturing technique is mostly used with metal powders
or wire source materials.

4. • DED forms 3D objects by melting material as it is being deposited
using focused thermal energy such as laser, electron beam or plasma
arc. Both the energy source and the material feed nozzle are
manipulated using a gantry system or robotic arm. DED is
increasingly used in hybrid manufacturing where even the substrate
bed is moved to create complex shapes.
• Due to the variations in the energy source and final use, DED is
sometimes referred to as laser metal deposition (LMD), 3D laser
cladding or direct light fabrication.

5. DIRECT ENERGY DEPOSITION

6. DED TYPES:
• Although DED technology can be used to make metal, ceramic and polymer
parts, it is predominately used to make metal parts. DED can be classified
into the following groups by the energy source it uses to melt material.
• Laser-based DED systems such as Optomec’s Laser Engineering Net
Shape (LENS) DED system uses a laser as the main energy source
• Electron beam-based DED systems such as Sciaky’s Electron Beam
Additive Manufacturing (EBAM) use an electron beam to melt the
powdered material feedstock
• Plasma or Electric arc-based DED systems such as Wire arc additive
manufacturing (WAAM) DED process uses an electric arc to melt the wire

7. DED TYPES:
• Directed energy deposition technology can also be subdivided further
into the following types based on the types of material feedstock used
to create the parts.
• Powder-based DED systems such as Laser Engineered Net shaping
(LENS) or Laser metal Deposition (LMD) feed powder through the
nozzle and melted by a laser beam or electron beam
• Wire based DED systems feed wires through a nozzle and use laser,
plasma arc or electron beam to create the molten pool

8. • The fabrication chamber is maintained at
high vacuum and high temperature
• A layer of metal powder is deposited on
the fabrication platform
• A focused electron beam is used to melt
the powder particles in a small volume
within the layer
• The electron beam is scanned to define a
2D slice of the object within the layer
• The build table is lowered, and a new
layer of dry powder is deposited on top of
the previous layer
• After removal from the machine, the un-
melted powder is brushed off and
recycled

9. Process Steps of EBM:

10. ADVANTAGES
• High build rates
• Dense and strong parts
• Can be used for repairing
• Easy material change
• Reduced material waste
DISADVANTAGES
• High capital cost
• Low build resolution
• No support structures

11. Typical directed energy deposition applications
DED is already utilised in key industries like aerospace, defence, oil
& gas, as well as the marine industry, for example, aircraft frames
and structures, refractory metal components, ballistic material
tooling repair and reconditioning and marine propulsion, etc.