1. OPEN SOURCE
Latar belakang.
Definisi :
Open Source/Sumber Terbuka(OSS) ialah ‘software computer’ yang boleh didapati dalam
bentuk kod sumber: sumber dan yang lain-lain hak tertentu yang biasanya dikhaskan untuk pemegang
‘copyright’ yang diperuntukkan dibawah lesen perisian yang membenarkan pengguna untuk mengkaji,
mengubah, menambahbaik dan kadang-kadang juga mengedarkan perisian.
Perbezaan antara perisian bebas dengan perisian berlesen ialah perisian bebas boleh didapari
secara percuma berbanding dengan perisian berlesen dimana harus didapati daripada pemegang hak
cipta menerima beberapa lesen yang dianggap terlalu ketat dan ada lesen perisian bebas yang tidak
diterima pakai.
Maksud lain bagi Open source:
1. Free Redistribution
The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a component
of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several different sources. The license
shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale.
2. Source Code
The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as well as
compiled form. Where some form of a product is not distributed with source code, there must be a
well-publicized means of obtaining the source code for no more than a reasonable reproduction cost
preferably, downloading via the Internet without charge. The source code must be the preferred form
in which a programmer would modify the program. Deliberately obfuscated source code is not allowed.
Intermediate forms such as the output of a preprocessor or translator are not allowed.
3. Derived Works
The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be
distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software.
4. Integrity of the Author's Source Code
The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form only if the
license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source code for the purpose of modifying

2. the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of software built from
modified source code. The license may require derived works to carry a different name or
version number from the original software
5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups
The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons.
6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor.
The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program in a specific field
of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the program from being used in a business, or
from being used for genetic research.
7. Distribution of License
The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is
redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties.
8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product
The rights attached to the program must not depend on the program's being part of a
particular software distribution. If the program is extracted from that distribution and used or
distributed within the terms of the program's license, all parties to whom the program is
redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted in conjunction with the
original software distribution.
9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software
The license must not place restrictions on other software that is distributed along with
the licensed software. For example, the license must not insist that all other programs
distributed on the same medium must be open-source software.
10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral
No provision of the license may be predicated on any individual technology or style of
interface

3. Sejarah
• Pergerakan perisian percuma telah dilancarkan pada tahun 1983
• .Pada tahun 1998, sekumpulan individu yang menyokong bahawa istilah perisian
bebas harus digantikan dengan perisian sumber terbuka (OSS) sebagai
ungkapan yang kurang kabur dan lebih selesa untuk dunia korporat
• Pemaju perisian mungkin mahu menerbitkan perisian mereka dengan lesen sumber terbuka,
jadi sesiapa juga boleh membangunkan perisian sendiri samaada membangunkan perisian
yang sama atau memahami fungsi atau cara untuk membangunkan perisian baru
• Perisian sumber terbuka secara amnya membenarkan sesiapa sahaja untuk membuat
pengubahsuaian perisian, pelabuhan sistem operasi baru, seni bina pemproses dan
berkongsi dengan orang lain

4. Reference
Free and open source software
Copyleft · Events and Awards · Free software · Free Software Definition · Gratis versus libre ·List of free and
General open source software packages · List of project directories/Comparison of hosting facilities ·Open-source
software
Operating
AROS · BSD · Darwin · eCos · FreeDOS · GNU · Haiku · Inferno · Linux · Mach · MINIX · OpenSolaris · Plan
system
9 · ReactOS · Symbian
families
Developme Eclipse · Free
nt Pascal · GCC · Gambas · Java · LLVM · Lua · NetBeans · Open64 · Perl · PHP · Python · ROSE · Ruby · Tcl
History GNU · Haiku · Linux · Mozilla (Application Suite · Firefox · Thunderbird)
Apache Software Foundation · Blender Foundation · Eclipse Foundation · FreeBSD
Foundation · freedesktop.org ·Free Software Foundation (Europe · India · Latin America) · FSMI · GNOME
Organizations Foundation · GNU Project · Google Code · KDE e.V. ·Linux Foundation · Mozilla Foundation · Open Source
Geospatial Foundation · Open Source Initiative ·Software Freedom Conservancy · SourceForge · Symbian
Foundation · The Document Foundation · Xiph.Org Foundation ·XMPP Standards Foundation · X.Org Foundation
Apache · Artistic · BSD · GNU GPL · GNU LGPL · ISC · MIT · MPL · Ms-PL/RL · zlib · Public domain/CC0 · FSF
Licences
approved licenses
Licence
Open Source Definition · The Free Software Definition · Debian Free Software Guidelines
standards
Binary blob · Canonical's contributor agreement · Digital rights management · Graphics hardware
Challenges compatibility ·License proliferation · Mozilla software rebranding · Proprietary software · SCO-Linux
controversies · Security · Software patents ·Hardware restrictions · Trusted Computing · Viral license
Alternative terms · Community · Linux distribution · Forking · Movement · Microsoft Open Specification
Other topics
Promise · Revolution OS ·Comparison with closed source

5. Jenis-jenis Open Source
• MIT or X Consortium License
• BSD Classic License
• Artistic License
• General Public License
• Mozilla Public License
Examples
• Linux (see http://www.linux.org/): a computer operating system and kernel
originating as a UNIX system and existing in many versions.
• GNOME (see http://www.gnome.org/): a desktop development environment
providing tools for developing desktop applications (as well as its own basic
desktop applications) and available for Linux and other UNIX systems.
• KDE (see http://www.kde.org/): another desktop development environment.
• Apache (see http://www.apache.org/): a web server program (for supplying
pages in response to requests) used in most web server computers and
available for Windows as well as Linux and other UNIX systems.
• Firefox (see http://www.mozilla.org/firefox/): a web client program (for
viewing and hearing web pages) available for Windows and Mac as well as
Linux and other UNIX systems.

6. • Dovecot (see http://www.dovecot.org/): an email server program (for
sending and receiving email) supporting POP3 and IMAP and available for
Linux and other UNIX systems.
• Postfix (see http://www.postfix.org): an email server program (for sending
and receiving email) supporting SMTP and available for Linux and other UNIX
systems.
• SquirrelMail (see http://squirrelmail.org/): an email application (for reading
and writing email through a web client program) supporting IMAP and SMTP
and available for Windows and Mac as well as Linux and other UNIX systems.
• Thunderbird (see http://www.mozilla.org/thunderbird/): an email client
program (for reading and writing email) supporting POP3, IMAP and SMTP and
available for Windows and Mac as well as Linux and other UNIX systems.
• OpenOffice (see http://www.openoffice.org/): an office application set (for
word processing, spreadsheet manipulation, picture drawing and data base
access) compatible with all other major office application sets such as Office
and available for Windows and Mac as well as Linux and other UNIX systems.
• KOffice: (see http://www.koffice.org/): another office application set.
• Asterisk: (see http://www.asterisk.org/): a Private Branch eXchange (PBX)
providing features such as interactive voice response, conference bridging and
call queuing (as well as analogue, digital and VoIP telephony), supporting
H.323, SIP and IAX2 (and other VoIP protocols), and available for Mac as well
as Linux and other UNIX systems.
• FreeSWITCH (see http://www.freeswitch.org/): a VoIP development
environment providing tools for developing applications like phones and
switches, supporting H.323, SIP and IAX2 (and other VoIP protocols), and
available for Windows and Mac as well as Linux and other UNIX systems.
• GnuGK (see http://www.gnugk.org/): a VoIP gatekeeper (for some H.323
deployments) available for Windows and Mac as well as Linux and other UNIX
systems.

7. Kesimpulan
Open Source merupakan satu software dimana setiap komputer memerlukannya untuk
menjalankan atau memulakan sesuatu program. Ia mempunyai pelbagai jenis seperti yang
berlesen atau tidak. Antara yang berlesen seperti Windows dan yang tidak berlesen pula seperti
Linux.