Global Workshop on Nutrition-sensitive Fish Agri-food Systems 5-8 December 2017, Siem Reap, Cambodia

1. www.gainhealth.org
Indonesia-Postharvest
Loss Alliance
for Nutrition (I-PLAN)
Ravi K Menon

2. 2
GAIN is a non-profit Swiss foundation set up 15 years ago originally by the UN
to fight malnutrition. Its purpose is to advance nutrition outcomes by
improving the consumption of nutritious and safe food for all people,
especially those most vulnerable. In particular, we aim to improve the
consumption of safe and nutritious foods for—at a minimum—1 billion people
over the next five years and target major improvements to food systems,
resulting in more diverse and healthier diets for vulnerable people in countries
where we work
To help transform food systems so that they enable people’s consumption of safe,
nutritious foods, we have adopted three interlinked strategic objectives:
1. to improve the demand for safe, nutritious foods,
2. to increase the availability and affordability of safe, nutritious foods, and
3. to strengthen the enabling environment to improve the consumption of safe,
nutritious foods
The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN)

3. NIGERIA - Tomato INDONESIA – Sea Fish
The Postharvest Loss Alliance for Nutrition is currently active in:
2016: Project Design
2017: Pilot and Implementation
2017: Project Design
2018: Implementation
PLAN Countries
Ethiopia - TBD
2018: Project Design

4. RATIONALE FOR I-PLAN
Sources: [1] Global Nutrition Report 2016; [2] UNICEF 2012 – “Maternal and Child Nutrition;” [3] World Bank 2015 – “The
36%
Wasting
14%
Stunting
Percentage of children under 5 in
Indonesia affected by malnutrition, 20101
Indonesia scores low on critical health
indicators…
Studies suggest that children who
are malnourished are more likely to
grow into adults who are less
educated, poorer, less healthy, and
more prone to non-
communicable diseases.2
Stunting among children:
• Reduces IQ scores by 5-11
• Correlates with lower grades at
school
• Correlates with a 10% loss in
lifetime earnings3
►108th out
of 132
countries
►116th out
of 130
countries
…and that has far-reaching health
consequences
4Double Burden of Malnutrition in Indonesia”

5. 1 Lee, Da Eun Rachel, "Children's Protein Consumption in Southeast Asia: Consideration of Quality as Well as Quantity of
75,000-125,000
metric tonnes of fish
lost per year
=
16,500-27,500 metric
tons of protein lost
per year
Reducing perishability
is also required to
help ensure this
supply is available all
year round
Protein supply
loss equivalent to
the daily needs of
2.7 – 4.4 million
children
THE NEED THE LOSSES THE NUTRITION
IMPACTPre-school age
children need
17-20 g of
protein/day1
Fish holds 22g
of protein per
100g
The postharvest loss/waste of fish in Indonesia has serious
implications for the population’s nutrition
5Children's Protein Consumption in Southeast Asia" (2014).Wharton Research Scholars. 115.

6. I-PLAN specifically looks at Tongkol (small tuna) as a proxy
for all sea fish as it is considered an affordable local favorite,
and demand remains relatively stable
1700
2500
30003000
8000
Kembung SelarTongkolCatfishSpanish
mackerel
Grouper
Overall, consumers understand the price trend for Tongkol and demonstratea willingness to pay during high-
catch and low-catch season.
Government benchmark prices for common fish in Indonesia1
IDR/kg
12000
Tongkol is a key part of the Indonesian
diet, resulting in relatively stable demand
for the commodity. 50% of Indonesian
consumers prefer small fish – Tongkol
Source: [1] MMAF; [2] FAO – “The Domestic Market for Indonesian Seafarmed Fish;” 6
and mackerel – among all types of fish2

7. I-PLAN’s design research indicated that an estimated 15-25%
of Tongkol in the domestic value chain is lost before reaching
the consumer
Notes: [1] Based on annual production of 500,000 metric tonnes per year; [2] Based on average price of 26,000 rupiah/kg of
Tongkol; [3] Reference daily intake for protein is by weight of the individual. This slide is based on the recommendation for 5
year old child from reference paper (this is the most conservative analysis).
Source: [3] Lee, Da Eun Rachel 2014 - "Children's Protein Consumption in Southeast Asia: Consideration of Quality as Well
75,000-
125,000
metric
tonnes of
Tongkol lost
annually1
For the purposes of this research, we define loss as “a reduction in the quantity of Tongkol
available for human consumption.” Our focus was on losses that would reduce the quantity of
edible, nutritious food available to the end consumer in Indonesia, which includes loss of fish to export
or that sold as animal feed.
Rp 1.95-3.25
trillion (USD
90-240
million) lost
annually2
16,500-
27,500 metric
tonnes of
protein lost
per year3
7as Quantity of Children's Protein Consumption in Southeast Asia;" Dalberg analysis

8. Indonesia has two Presidential mandates that promote
increased fish consumption
Source: [1] Tempo 2017 – “Government Continues to Promote Fish Consumption Program;” [2] Universitas Gadjah Mada
President Joko Widodo issued two key cross-ministry mandates relating to increasing local fish
consumption:
Given the shared goals of GEMAR IKAN and GERMAS, the MMAF and MoH could collaborate to
leverage each other’s efforts and increase the impact of both programs.
GEMAR IKAN
– Eat More
Fish
The MMAF is leading the GEMAR
IKAN initiative1 to increase national
fish consumption through:
• Fish consumption promotion
forums (Forikan)
• Fish provision
• Mass media campaigns
The Ministry of Health is leading the
GERMAS initiative2 to increase the
quality of life of Indonesian people
through:
• Vegetable, fruit, and fish
provision
• Food safety services
• Education curriculums around
health
• Mass media campaigns
GERMAS –
Healthy Lifestyle
Movement
92017 – “Government Encourages Health Promotion and Healthy Lifestyle Movement”

9. Increasing the consumption of Tongkol would require an
increased supply – this can be achieved by reducing
postharvest loss in the value chain
Note: [2] The lowest quantity consumed is 22.4 kg/capita/year in West Java, and the highest is 55 kg/capita/year in Maluku
Fish consumption remains relatively low in Indonesia.
Fish consumption by province1
kg per capita per year
In 2014, one-third of
the Tongkol captured
was exported.
Fish consumption in
Java is ~67% lower
than that in Sulawesi.
I-PLAN will complement the Government of Indonesia’s efforts to increase
consumption by improving efficiencies and reducing loss in key segments of the
local sea fish supply chain.
Quantity consumed2

10Sources: [1] MMAF data

10. POSTHARVEST LOSS OF NUTRITIOUS FOODS
According to FAO estimates, in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, over 30%
of fish and seafood harvested is lost during postharvest processes.1
Fish & Seafood:
Percent of Initial Production Lost at Specific Stages of the Value Chain
Source: 1. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/suistainability/pdf/Global_Food_Losses_and_Food_Waste.pdf 2. https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/our-work/initiatives/food-
waste-and-spoilage
SSA 6% 6% 9% 15% 2%
S & SE Asia 8% 6% 9% 15% 2%
N. America &
Oceania
12% 0.5% 6% 9% 33%
Production
Handling &
Storage
Processing and
Packaging ConsumptionDistribution
In developing countries, significant loss occurs after production, but before the consumer stage, as
demonstrated by above examples for Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. In developed regions, waste
created at the production and consumption stages is most significant, as demonstrated by above example for
North America.
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11. Need for
Solutions to
Reduce
Perishability
and Damage
I-PLAN’s ISSUE AREAS
Production Consumption
Lack of Cold Storage and Safe
Processing Methods and poor handling
practices
Improper Handling Resulting
in Spilling and Degradation
Lack of Cold
Transport/Storage
Low-Tech Crating Resulting in Bruising and Damaging From
Rough Handling
Large distances between
production and processing
Poor Order Forecasting and
Inefficient Processes
Cold
Chain
Processing
Packaging
&Crating
Most prominent losses occur due to lack of proper cold storage and transport,
packaging and crating, and processing solutions, which are required to reduce
perishability and damage during several steps in the value chain.
Opportunities to
collaborate
Handling and
Storage
Processing and
Packaging
Distribution
and Market
Suboptimal Storage Infrastructure and Packaging:
Exposure to Heat, Fungus, Disease and Humidity
1. https://www.imeche.org/docs/default-source/reports/a-tank-of-cold-cleantech-leapfrog-to-a-more-food-secure-world.pdf?sfvrsn=0 2.
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12. I-PLAN brings together the necessary expertise, technology, research and
finance from both Global and Indonesian partners to move progress forward on
postharvest loss of nutritious and perishable foods in three key segments.
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13. I-PLAN ACTIVITIES
PLAN works through two activity areas leading to reduce postharvest loss and
increase accessibility of nutritious fish.
Learning
Briefs
PLAN curates
and publish
learning briefs on
topics that arise
from member
discussions
Quarterly
Newsletters
PLAN circulates
quarterly
newsletters to
members about
PLAN activities,
new technologies
and opportunities
Learning
Calls
PLAN
organizes
structured
calls with
experts based
on needs of
members
Workshops/
Training
PLAN convenes
workshops/
trainings with
businesses and
relevant actors to
build capacity
PLAN
Online Platform
PLAN engages it
member, facilitates
conversations and
shares knowledge
through a private
Facebook Page
Convene actors
and stakeholders
around PHLW of
nutritious foods
for collective
impact
Innovation Grant
I-PLAN provides
small grants to
enable the innovator
to test and scale
innovation
Call for Innovations
I-PLAN will work with
Indonesia University
and Government
Agency to hold a Call
for Innovations in I-
PLAN’s key segments
of the supply chain
Juried Selection
I-PLAN will organize a
jury of experts to
evaluate and select
innovations with the
most potential to
reduce loss
Innovation TA
I-PLAN will provide
targeted technical
assistance to test
innovation and ready
it for the market
Alliance1
Identify and
scale local
innovations in
Cold Chain,
Packaging &
Crating, and
Processing
Innovation
Challenge
2
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14. Thank you.
rmenon@gainhealth.org
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