An overview of the way God was working to make a preparation to receive the messiah through Jewish history

2. God’s providence of
restoration from
Abraham until Jesus

3. What causes historical events?
Free will
Historical
event
Real
situation
Purpose

4. Internal and external causes
Historical
event
Internal cause-
God’s providence
Which is expressed as:
External cause-
Clash of political and
economic interests

5. Pattern of restoration
Adam
Abraham
Isaac
Noah Jacob
Jacob to
Haran
Jacob
Returns
Jacob to
Egypt
1600 400 120 40 21 40
120 years
building
the Ark
40 day
flood
judgement
Sending
out dove
3 times

6. Why is there a pattern?
• To restore through indemnity a previous
failure, a similar situation arises where
people have to not repeat earlier mistakes
• Repeated attempts to restore foundation
for the messiah
– Spiritual community
– Rule of law, Freedom of speech
• More prolonged, heavier the conditions
– Horizontal restoration of vertical conditions

7. Jewish History
400
Slavery in Egypt
• Abraham’s mistake in the
offering
• Jacob’s 12 sons and 70
kinsmen go to Egypt
• Maintained their identity
– Circumcision, Sabbath,
offerings
• Pyramid building
• Moses - Pharaoh humbled
– 3 signs, 10 plagues
• Exodus
• Mount Sinai - Covenant,
Torah and Tabernacle
• Entered Promised Land
Gen. 15:13

8. Jewish History • Judges
400
Slavery in Egypt
Judges
– Prophet, priest, ‘king’
– Divided land, loose
confederation of 12 tribes
– Ruled by God and law
After that whole generation had
been gathered to their fathers,
another generation grew up, who
knew neither the Lord nor what he
had done for Israel. Then the
Israelites did evil in the eyes of the
Lord and served the Baals. Then
the Lord handed them over to
raiders who plundered them.
Then the Lord raised up judges,
who saved them out of the hands
of these raiders.
Judges
2:10-16

9. “The government of the Israelites was a federation,
held together by no political authority, but by the
unity of race and faith, and founded, not on physical
force, but on a voluntary covenant. The principle of
self-government was carried out not only in each
tribe, but in every group of at least 120 families; and
there was neither privilege of rank, nor inequality
before the law. Monarchy was so alien to the
primitive spirit of the community that it was resisted
by Samuel.”
The History of Freedom and Other Essays
by John Acton

10. Jewish History
400
Slavery in Egypt
Judges
• Judges
– Prophet, priest, ‘king’
– Divided land, loose
confederation of 12 tribes
– Ruled by God and law
– Gideon told them, "I will not
rule over you, nor will my son
rule over you. The Lord will
rule over you.”
Judges 8:23
• Struggles with Philistines
• Foundation of faith lost
– “Went after other gods”
– Wanted a king
• Foundation of substance
lost
– Lack of unity between tribes
After that whole generation had
been gathered to their fathers,
another generation grew up, who
knew neither the Lord nor what he
had done for Israel. Then the
Israelites did evil in the eyes of the
Lord and served the Baals. Then
the Lord handed them over to
raiders who plundered them.
Then the Lord raised up judges,
who saved them out of the hands
of these raiders.
Judges
2:10-16

11. The people demand a king
• People said to Samuel: “We want a king over
us. Then we will be like all the other
nations, with a king to lead us and to go
out before us and fight our battles.”
• God replied to Samuel: “Listen to all that the
people are saying to you; it is not you they
have rejected, but they have rejected me
as their king.”
Samuel 8

12. What will the king do?
• God warned the people that a king would:
– Conscript their sons as soldiers
– Turn their daughters into servants
– Take best fields and vineyards
– Take one tenth of harvest
– Take one tenth of flocks
– “You shall be his slaves”

13. Jewish History
120
Slavery in Egypt
Judges
United Israelite Monarchy
• Samuel anointed Saul
– Lack of unity
– Didn’t kill all Amalakites
• Samuel anointed David
1040 - 922 BC
Saul, David & Solomon, 3 x 40
“And I will raise up for myself a faithful priest, who shall do
according to what is in my heart and in my mind.
And I will build him a sure house, and he shall go in and out
before my anointed forever.”
I Samuel 2:35

14. How did David inherit the throne?
Saul
Filial
piety
Won love and respect
Own sons corrupt
Jonathan David Goliath
Satan
Samuel
Providence for the start
Offered his position
Cain Abel
Filial
piety
Tried to
kill
Jonathan made a covenant with David, because he loved him as his own soul.
And Jonathan gave his robe and armour and sword and bow to David. I Samuel 18:3-4

15. How did David inherit the throne?
Saul
Filial
piety
Won love and respect
Own sons corrupt
Jonathan David Goliath
Satan
Samuel
Providence for the start
Offered his position
Cain Abel
Filial
piety
Tried to
kill
Jonathan, Saul’s son visited David at Horesh and encouraged him in God. He said,
“Don’t despair. My father, Saul, can’t lay a hand on you. You will be israel’s king and I’ll be
right at your side to help. And my father knows it.” I Samuel 23:16-18

16. Jewish History
120
Slavery in Egypt
Judges
United Israelite Monarchy
• Samuel anointed Saul
– Lack of unity
– Jonathan and David
• Samuel anointed David
– Psalms of David
– House of God
– House of David
1040 - 922 BC
Saul, David & Solomon, 3 x 40

17. A Psalm of David
The LORD is my shepherd;
I shall not want.
He makes me lie down in green
pastures.
He leads me beside still waters.
He restores my soul.
He leads me in paths of
righteousness
for his name's sake.
Even though I walk through the
valley of the shadow of death,
I will fear no evil,
for you are with me;
your rod and your staff,
they comfort me.
You prepare a table before me
in the presence of my
enemies;
you anoint my head with oil;
my cup overflows.
Surely goodness and mercy
shall follow me
all the days of my life,
and I shall dwell in the house
of the LORD forever.
Psalm 23

18. The Lord is my shepherd

19. Lineage is the House of God
David offered to build God a house to dwell in - Temple
God replied: “I will make for you a great name.
I will make you a house.
And your house and your kingdom
shall be made sure forever before me;
Your throne shall be established forever.”
2 Samuel 7
House = Temple = dynasty = lineage

20. Jewish History
120
Slavery in Egypt
Judges
United Israelite Monarchy
• Samuel anointed Saul
– Lack of unity
– Jonathan and David
• Samuel anointed David
– Psalms of David
– House of God
– House of David
– David’s wives
• Michal
• Abigail
1040 - 922 BC • Bathsheba
Saul, David & Solomon, 3 x 40

21. David and Bathsheba
Nathan the prophet:
Why have you despised the
word of the Lord?
David Bathsheba Uriah
Eve Lucifer
Solomon
Abel
He called his name
Solomon and the
Lord loved him.

22. "King David was a great sage. When he saw
Uriah the Hittite, he knew that he was the
Serpent who had seduced Eve, and when he
saw Bathsheba he knew that she was Eve, and
he knew that he himself was Adam. Thus, he
wished to take Bathsheba from Uriah, because
she was destined to be David’s mate. And the
reason Nathan the prophet chastised him was
because he hurried, and did not wait. For his
haste caused him to go to her without
performing tikkun (restoration).
Sefer Peli’ah (Judaism)

23. David and Bathsheba
Nathan the prophet:
Why have you despised the
word of the Lord?
David Bathsheba Uriah
Adam
Eve Lucifer
Solomon
Maachah
Absalom
Cain Abel
He called his name
Solomon and the
Lord loved him.
Amnon
Killed
Raped Tamar
Absalom’s sister
Rebellion

24. Solomon becomes King
David Bathsheba
Adam
Eve
Solomon
Haggith
Adonijah
Cain Abel
Adonijah, the son of
Haggith exalted himself,
saying, “I will be king”.
I Kings 1:5
Nathan
King

25. Jewish History
120
Slavery in Egypt
Judges
United Israelite Monarchy
• Samuel anointed Saul
– Lack of unity
– Jonathan and David
• Samuel anointed David
– Psalms of David
– House of God
– House of David
– Bathsheba & Uriah affair
– Decline
• Nathan anointed Solomon
– Song of Solomon
– Proverbs of Solomon
– Built Temple
– Temple completion of Exodus
1040 - 922 BC
Saul, David & Solomon, 3 x 40

26. Proverbs of Solomon
• A wise son makes a glad father,
but a foolish son is a sorrow to his mother.
2 Treasures gained by wickedness do not profit,
but righteousness deliver
• 3 The LORD does not let the righteous go
hungry but he thwarts the craving of the wickeds
from death.
4 A slack hand causes poverty,
but the hand of the diligent makes rich.
5 He who gathers in summer is a prudent son,
but he who sleeps in harvest is a son who
brings shame.

28. How did Solomon build the temple?
King Solomon conscripted labourers from all
Israel—30,000 men. He sent them off to
Lebanon in shifts of 10,000 a month, so that
they spent one month in Lebanon and two
months at home. Adoniram was in charge of
the forced labour. Solomon had 70,000 carriers
and 80,000 stonecutters in the hills, as well as
3,300 foremen who supervised the project and
directed the work.
I Kings 5:27-30

29. How was the tabernacle built?
God spoke to Moses saying: “Speak to
the Israelites and have them bring Me an
offering. Take My offering from
everyone whose heart impels him to give
. . . They shall make a Sanctuary for Me
and I will dwell in them.”
Exodus 25:2,8

30. Jewish History • Samuel anointed Saul
120
Slavery in Egypt
Judges
United Israelite Monarchy
– Lack of unity
– Jonathan and David
• Samuel anointed David
– Psalms of David
– House of God
– House of David
– Bathsheba & Uriah affair
– Decline
• Nathan anointed Solomon
– Song of Solomon
– Proverbs of Solomon
– Built Temple
• Foundation of faith invaded
– Married foreign women
– Went after other gods
• No foundation of substance
– Rehaboam and Jeroboam
1040 - 922 BC
Saul, David & Solomon, 3 x 40

31. Why did the kingdom split?
• Jeroboam chosen by God to rule 10 tribes
– Ahijah the prophet (I Kings 11:27-40)
– ‘If you walk in my ways . . . I will be with you.’
• Rehaboam inherits kingship from Solomon
• Jeroboam and tribal leaders
– “Your father made our yoke heavy. Lighten the yoke
upon us and we will serve you faithfully.”
• Rehaboam replied:
– “I will add to your yoke; my father chastised you with
whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.”
Division

32. How was the kingdom divided?

33. Jewish History
400
Slavery in Egypt
Judges
United Israelite Monarchy
Divided Kingdoms
• Northern Kingdom Israel
– Jeroboam (exiled leader)
– 19 kings in 260 years
– Prophets - Elijah, Elisha, Amos
– No repentance
– 721 BC Assyrians invaded
– “Lost tribes of Israel”
922 - 597 BC
Kingdom divided into
Israel (North) and Judah (South)

34. Assyrian empire

35. Jewish History
400
Slavery in Egypt
Judges
United Israelite Monarchy
Divided Kingdoms
• Southern Kingdom Judah
– Rehaboam
– 20 kings in 394 years
– Idolatry and corruption
– Prophets - Isaiah, Jeremiah
– 597 BC Babylonians invaded
• Collapse of autocratic
society
922 - 597 BC
Kingdom divided into
Israel (North) and Judah (South)

36. Babylonian empire

38. Jewish History
210
Slavery in Egypt
Judges
United Israelite Monarchy
Divided Kingdoms
Exile and Return
• Babylonian Exile
– King Nebuchadnezzar
– King Jehoiachin + 10,000
Jews into captivity
– 597 - 527 BC
– Purification
• Persians conquer Babylon
Captivity 70 years: 597- 527 BC
Return 140 years: 527- 400 BC

39. Persian empire

40. Jewish History
210
Slavery in Egypt
Judges
United Israelite Monarchy
Divided Kingdoms
Exile and Return
• Return to Jerusalem
– Edict of King Cyrus 538 BC
– Return in 3 waves
– Reformation of nation
– Rebuilding Temple
– Ezra the Scribe 458 BC
– Nehemiah 445 BC
Captivity 70 years: 597- 527 BC
Return 140 years: 527- 400 BC

41. Jewish History
400 BC – Birth of Christ
400
Slavery in Egypt
Judges
United Israelite Monarchy
Divided Kingdoms
Exile and Return
Prep. for the Messiah
• Preparation for messiah
– Temple rebuilt
– Study scripture
– Malachi 430 BC
– Prophesied that Elijah would
come before the Messiah

42. Worldwide reformation
Socrates (470 - 389 BC)
Buddha (565 - 485 BC)
Confucius (552 - 479 BC) Mahavir (599-527 BC) Zarathustra 600 BC

43. Jewish History • Malachi
400 BC – Birth of Christ
400
Slavery in Egypt
Judges
United Israelite Monarchy
Divided Kingdoms
Exile and Return
Prep. for the Messiah
• Other religious leaders
– Buddha (565 - 485 BC)
– Confucius (552 - 479 BC)
– Socrates (470 - 389 BC)
• Empire of Alexander the
Great (356 - 323 BC)

44. Empire of Alexander the Great (356
- 323 BC)
Hellenisation:
Spread of
Greek culture:
Philosophy
Democracy
Science
Games
Theatre
Art
Government
Language
Population
Synthesis of Hebraism and Hellenism
Seleucid
Empire
Hellenisation
Loss of faith
Corruption
Antiochus IV
Epiphanes
Intense
suffering
Macaabean
revolt 164 BC
Roman
Empire 63 BC

45. Original nature
of human being
Internal aspect External aspect
Hebraism Hellenism
Movements to restore original human nature
Both are good and necessary
Both need to be integrated with Hebraism in subject position
Only by Cain-type Hellenism submitting to Abel-type Hebraism
could Satan be separated from the prevailing spirit of the age. Then
the foundation of substance necessary for receiving Christ at the
Second Advent could be established worldwide. EDP, 350

46. Hebraism and Hellenism
• Israel
• Spiritual culture, Abel
• Listening
• Free will
• Theist
• Divine laws
• Revelation, faith
• Worshipping community
• Modest dress
• Sexually conservative
• Greece
• Material culture, Cain
• Seeing
• Fate
• Humanist
• Human laws
• Reason, science
• Political community
• Exercise in nude
• Sexually liberal

47. Different responses
• Hellenisation
– Abandonment of Jewish traditions
– Adoption of Hellenist culture and identity
• Religious fundamentalism
– Rejection of everything Greek or Roman
• Synthesis response
– Philo of Alexandria

48. How did the Romans come to
occupy Israel?
• 63 BC Syria made a Roman province
• Israel’s monarch Queen Salome died
– Hyrcanus and Aristobulus -> civil war
• Pompey invited to intervene
• After Hyrcanus’ death Antipater became
1st Roman Procurator
• 44 BC Herod the Great – King of the Jews

49. An alternative future
Parthian Empire
Defeated Seleucids
Culturally heterogenous
Religious pluralistic
Defeated Romans 53BC
Later invaded by Rome
Would have been better
for Israel to be part of
Parthian than Roman
Empire

50. Roman Empire
Buildings
Roads
Law
Peace
Trade
Currency
Religious
toleration

51. Jewish History
400 BC – Birth of Christ
400
Slavery in Egypt
Judges
United Israelite Monarchy
Divided Kingdoms
Exile and Return
Prep. for the Messiah
• Malachi
• Other religious leaders
– Buddha (565 - 485 BC)
– Confucius (552 - 479 BC)
– Socrates (470 - 389 BC)
• Empire of Alexander the
Great (356 - 323 BC)
– Spread Hellenism
• Synthesis Hebraism and
Hellenism
– Philo of Alexandria
• Roman Empire
– Roads, Buildings
– Pax Romana

52. Jewish History
Slavery in Egypt
Judges
Israelite Monarchy
Divided Kingdoms
Exile and Return
400
400
120
400
210
Prep. for the Messiah 400
Jesus

53. Jewish History
Slavery in Egypt
Judges
Israelite Monarchy
Divided Kingdoms
Exile and Return
400
400
120
400
210
Prep. for the Messiah 400
Killed Jesus