1. Anatomists and Their Art
Charleen M. Moore, Ph.D.
Distinguished Teaching Professor
Department of
Cellular and Structural Biology

2. Anatomists and Their Art
Artists Who Dissected
Anatomists Who Drew
Anatomist and Artist Teams

3. Medieval Medical Centers
Padua – 13th c.
Bologna – 11th c.
Salerno – 10th c.

4. Five Picture Series
bones, nerves, muscles, veins, and arteries

5. Five Picture Series
bones, nerves, muscles, veins, and arteries

6. Johannes de Ketham
Fasciculo di medicina (1493)
Wound Man
The Dissection Zodiac Man
woodcut illustrations

7. Johannes de Ketham
Fasciculo di medicina (1493)
The Dissection
colored (either with stencils or by hand-pressed color blocks) in four colors

8. Johannes de Ketham
Fasciculo di medicina (1493)
Archiginnasio, Bologna
Anatomical Theatre
(1637)

9. Jacopo Berengario da Carpi (1460-1530)
Isagoge Breves (1522-1535)
(A Short Introduction to Anatomy)
Artist? Hugo da Carpi (1455-1523)

10. Jacopo Berengario da Carpi (1460-1530)
Isagoge Breves (1522-1535)

11. Jacopo Berengario da Carpi (1460-1530)
Isagoge Breves (1522-1535)

12. Artists Who Dissected
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)
Michelangelo (1475-1564)
Raphael (1483-1521)

13. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

14. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

15. Leonardo da Vinci: The Mechanics of Man
Martin Clayton and Dr. Ron Philo

16. Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)
Adam and Eve Vier Bücher von menschlicher Proportion
(1507) Oil on panel (1528)

17. Michelangelo (1475-1564)

18. Raphael (1483-1521)
La Fornarina (1518-19) Oil on wood

19. Anatomists Who Drew
Robert Hooke (1635 - 1703)
Antonio Scarpa (1747 - 1832)
John Bell (1763-1820)
Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842)

20. Robert Hooke (1635 – 1703)
“. . . I could exceedingly plainly perceive it [cork] to be all perforated
and porous, much like a Honey-comb, but that the pores of it were
not regular. . . . these pores, or cells, . . . were indeed the first
microscopical pores I ever saw, . . . “
Thin Slices of Cork

21. Robert Hooke (1635 - 1703)
Micrographia (1665)

22. Hernias
Antonio Scarpa (1747 - 1832)
Scarpa’s Triangle
Nerve Supply
(Femoral Triangle)
to Heart
Bracing for
Clubfoot

23. Antonio Scarpa (1747 - 1832)
Saggio di osservazioni e d’esperienze sulle principali mallatti degli occhi
first edition copper plate illustration

24. John Bell (1763-1820)

25. John Bell (1763-1820)
Anatomy of the Human Body. 2d ed. Vol. I (1804) Etching

26. Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842)
Nerves of the head
Bell’s drawing reprinted in Charles Darwin’s
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872)

27. Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842)
An Exposition of the Natural System
of the Nerves of the Human Body, 1824
A System of Dissections, 1798

28. Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842)
Bell was a surgeon at Battle of Waterloo in 1815
Watercolor paintings of wounded soldiers

29. Anatomist and Artist Teams
Andreas Vesalius (1514 – 1564) and Jan Stephan van Calcar (1499 - ca. 1546)
Giulio Casseri (ca.1552-1616) and Odoardo Fialetti
Bernhard Siegfried Albinus (1697-1770) and Jan Wanderlaar (1690-1759)
William Hunter (1718-1783) and Jan van Riemsdyk (fl. 1750-1788)

30. Andreas Vesalius (1514 – 1564) and Jan Stephan van Calcar (1499 - ca. 1546)
De humani corporis fabrica, 1543

31. De humani corporis fabrica, 1543

32. Andreas Vesalius (1514 – 1564) and Jan Stephan van Calcar (1499 - ca. 1546)
De humani corporis fabrica, 1543

33. Andreas Vesalius (1514 – 1564) and Jan Stephan van Calcar (1499 - ca. 1546)
Historiated
Initials
De humani corporis fabrica, 1543

34. Giulio Casseri (ca.1552-1616) and Odoardo Fialetti
Tabulae Anatomicae (1627) Copperplate engraving

35. Bernhard Siegfried Albinus (1697-1770) and Jan Wanderlaar (1690-1759)
Tables of the skeleton and muscles
of the human body (London, 1749)
Used a net with square webbing between
artist and specimen
that increased the scientific accuracy
of the illustration

36. Clara, the rhinoceros, toured Europe from 1741 – 1758
Rhinoceros, circle of Pietro Longhi, c.1751
Map from Clara’s Grand Tour by Glynis Ridley, 2004

37. Bernhard Siegfried Albinus (1697-1770) and Jan Wanderlaar (1690-1759)
Tabulae sceleti et musculorum corporis humani (Leiden, 1747)
Tables of the skeleton and muscles of the human body (London, 1749)

38. William Hunter John Hunter
(1718 - 1783) (1728 - 1793)

39. William Hunter (1718-1783) and Jan van Riemsdyk (fl. 1750-1788)
The Anatomy of the Gravid Uterus (1774)
Plate XX Plate VI

40. P.I. Nixon Medical Historical Library
Established 1970

41. Pat Ireland Nixon, M.D., (1883-1965)
Dr. Pat at his writing desk at home

42. Friends of the
P.I. Nixon Medical Historical Library
(1971 – Present)

43. First Gift to the P.I. Nixon Collection
on Behalf of the Friends, 1971
William Smellie: A Sett of Anatomical Tables, 1754
Less than one hundred copies are known.

44. Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842)
Engravings from specimens of morbid parts (1813)
15 copies world-wide

45. Latest Gift to the P.I. Nixon Collection
on Behalf of the Friends, 2011
Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842)
Series of engravings explaining the course of the nerves
London 1803

46. Friends of the
P.I. Nixon Medical Historical Library
Annual Dinner, November 7, 2011
Doctors and Dollars May Not Always Be Enough
Fernando Guerra, M.D.
Director of Health for the San Antonio Metropolitan Health District