An overview of how designing for emotion relates to UX and flow, how the appearance and interaction of products communicate a personality to the user, and how emotions can be "chained" to enhance ...
An overview of how designing for emotion relates to UX and flow, how the appearance and interaction of products communicate a personality to the user, and how emotions can be "chained" to enhance persuasion and influence behaviour.
Why is Emotion Important to UX? “ Let's not forget that the little emotions are the great captains of our lives and we obey them without realizing it.“ Vincent Van Gogh, 1889
Why is Emotion Important to UX?
• Emotion is the “experience” in “User Experience”
• Would you let layout, interaction, or information architecture occur randomly? • Our lives are chains of emotional states
Introduction and Overview
• Unanswered questions:
?
What differentiates one emotion from another?
What emotional states should be our goal?
What specific product properties elicit changes in emotions?
In what sequence should we elicit emotions?
What differentiates one emotion from another?
Differentiating by Dimensions
Differentiating by levels of:
Emotional States (van Gorp 2006 - adapted from Desmet 2002) • Value (Pleasant vs. Unpleasant) • Physiological arousal (Anxiety vs. Boredom)
Differentiating by Expressions
• Internal, private expressions:
changes in breathing patterns
behaviour
• External, public expressions:
feelings
changes in body posture
vocalizations
facial expressions
What emotional states should be our goal?
Emotions and Cognition
• Emotions affect cognition
strength of attention
Positive affect
Negative affect
Arousal
relaxed body
open, creative thinking
tense body
detail-oriented thinking
(Norman 2004)
Emotions and Cognition
• Yerkes-Dodson law
(van Gorp 2006 from Yerkes-Dodson, 1908)
Arousal, Attention, and Flow
• Flow:
task has clear goals and immediate feedback
• Attention - selects relevant information • Focus of attention - is what enters consciousness (Csikszentmahalyi 1990)
focused attention
few interruptions
challenge matches skills
Anxiety, Boredom and Flow (Csikszentmihalyi 1990 - Dots and text added: van Gorp 2006) Level of Physiological Arousal
Emotional States (van Gorp 2006 - adapted from Desmet 2002, Russell 1980) Flow (adapted from Csikszentmahalyi 1990)
What specific product properties elicit changes in emotions?
Products as Personalities
• People attribute personality to products based on their appearance and how they interact (Reeves and Nass 1989)
Interaction as Conversation http://www.amp88.plus.com/file%20open%20error.JPG
Interaction as Conversation Omni Graffle 4
Interaction as Conversation
Personalities and Conversations • What visual characteristics are associated with personality type? Submissive • smaller • lighter in colour • lighter in weight • rounded • feminine Dominant • larger • darker • heavier • angular • masculine www.sitesdesignedbysites.com www1.folha.uol.com.br
In what sequence should we elicit emotions?
State Chaining Emotional States (van Gorp 2006 - adapted from Desmet 2002) Flow (adapted from Csikszentmahalyi 1990)
State Chaining Pacing, Rapport and Leading: Interaction, Personality and Behaviour (van Gorp 2006)
State Chaining
• Connecting related emotional states
State Chaining: From Problem State to Desired State (van Gorp 2006 - adapted from Dilts and De Lozier 2000)
The Affect Circumplex (van Gorp 2006) adapted from (Desmet 2002)
Cacioppo, J. T., Larsen, J. T., Smith, N. K., & Berntson, G. G. (2004). “The affect system: What lurks below the surface of feelings?” In A. S. R. Manstead, N. H. Frijda, & A. H. Fischer (Eds.), Feelings and emotions: The Amsterdam conference (pp. 221-240). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly and Eugene Rochberg-Halton. (1981). The Meaning of Things - Domestic Symbols and the Self. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. (1990). Flow - the Psychology of Optimal Experience . New York: Harper Perennial.
Desmet, Pieter, R. (2002). Designing Emotions . Pieter Desmet. Delft.
References
Dilts, Robert and Judith De Lozier. (2000a). “Chaining”. Encyclopedia of NLP. Scotts Valley: NLP University Press. http:// nlpuniversitypress .com/html/CaCom15.html accessed on July 21, 2005.
Fehrman, Kenneth R. and Cherie Fehrman. (2000). Color - The Secret Influence . New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Fogg, B.J. (2003). Persuasive Technology - Using Computers to Change What We Think and Do. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
Jordan, Patrick, W. (2000). Designing Pleasurable Products. London: Taylor & Francis.
Kemper, Theodore D. (1978). A Social Interactional Theory of Emotions. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Norman, Donald A. (2004). Emotional Design - Why We Love (or Hate) Everyday Things . New York: Basic Books.
Plutchik, Robert, and H. R. Conte, eds. (1997). Circumplex Models of Personality and Emotions . Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
References
Reeves, Byron and C. Nass. (1998). The Media Equation - How People Treat Computers, Television and New Media Like Real People and Places. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Russell, J.A. (1980). “A circumplex model of affect”. In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1161–1178.
Thoits, Peggy, A. (2004). “Emotion Norms, Emotion Work, and Social Order.” in Antony S.R. Manstead and Nico Frijda, Agnesta Fischer, eds. (2004). Feelings and Emotions - the Amsterdam Symposium. pp.359-378. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
van Gorp, T. (2006). Emotion Arousal Attention and Flow: Chaining Emotional States to Improve Human-Computer Interaction. Master’s Degree Project. Forthcoming - University of Calgary.
Yerkes Robert M., and John D.Dodson (1908) “The Relation of Strength of Stimulus to Rapidity of Habit-Formation” Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology , 18, 459-482)
Zjanna Reinders
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