ZPD=Zone of Proximal Development – the book-level range appropriate for reading ability. The book level should meet readability (book-level), interest level (grade appropriateness), and point value (length and difficulty) that is right for that particular student.
TOPS = The Opportunity to Praise Students. Always go for a shorter book in that readability range before going for a book in a lower range.
Listen to the student read – do they recognize their own mistakes then go back and fix them?
If a teacher expects students to take tests on books that were read aloud to the class, the AR test should also be read aloud. This is more time-consuming for the teacher but many students can comprehend a higher-level book by listening than they can by reading independently.
With struggling and/or emerging readers it may be more appropriate to set a weekly goal rather than a semester point goal. The teacher might ask for one Rookie Reader this week or one chapter this week.
Incentives don’t need to be anything more than sitting in a bean bag chair for reading that day or sitting with the teacher at lunch.
The goals do not have to be about points, especially for emergent and struggling readers. The goals could be pages read, books completed, tests passed (regardless of points), etc.