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Bionic eye a ray of hope
1. TRIDENT ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY
BHUBANESWAR
BIONICEYE- A RAY OF HOPE
Name- Sucharita Sahoo
Branch-ETC -A
Regd. No.- 1101289282
BIONIC EYE- A RAY OF HOPE 122/8/2014
2. • Introduction
• Retina
• Cause of Blindness
• Bionic eye
• Argus retinal prosthesis
• Application
• Advantage and challenge
• Conclusion
• Reference
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3. • Out of many cases of blindness, 25% are the
cases of unavoidable blindness (RP,AMD)which
have no effective treatment till date in medical
science.
• Their best hope is through prosthetic devices i.e.
revolutionary bionic eye that enables blind
people to read letters and simple words.
• In the mid-20th century, researchers began to
explore the idea of creating an bionic eye which
could actually see.
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5. Retinitis Pigmentosa
• Hereditary Genetic
disease
• Peripheral Rods
degenerate
• Gradually progresses
towards center of eye
• Spares the foveal
region
•Tunnel vision results
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6. Macular Degeneration
• Genetically Related
• Cones in Macula
region degenerate
• Loss or damage of
central vision
• Peripheral Retina
spared
• Common among old
people
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7. • Bionic eye also called a bio electronic eye which
replaces functionality of a part or whole of the eye.
• The word “BIONIC” was coined by Jack E Steele.
• Bionic eye was designed by Mr. Gregg Suaning.
• Many types of bionic eyes have been designed and
research is still going on different approaches and
concepts. There is no standard model in this case.
• Here we will discuss about one approach.
- Argus retinal prosthesis
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8. Argus Retinal Prosthesis
• Argus retinal prosthesis is an electronic retinal
implant produced by the California-based company
Second Sight.
• The second version, the Argus II, was first tested
in Mexico in 2006. In February 2013, the Argus II
became the first commercial visual prosthesis to be
approved by FDA for use in US.
• The best visual acuity outcomes in clinical trials
were 20/1260 and significant results were
observed. In the commercial setting, better visual
acuities have been reported i.e. 20/1000.
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10. Continued…
1. A camera that's built into a pair of glasses. It
captures images in real time and sends image
to a video processing unit.
2. A video-processing microchip that's built
into a handheld unit. It processes images into
electrical pulses representing patterns of light
and dark pixels send to transmitter.
3. A radio transmitter that wirelessly transmits
pulses to a receiver implanted above the ear or
under the eye.
4. The radio receiver sends the pulses to
implant implemented at back of eye(as
epiretinal approach) by thin wire.
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11. Continued…
5. When the pulses reach the retinal implant (an
array of 60 electrodes on a chip measuring 1
mm by 1 mm) they excite the electrode array.
The array acts as the retina's photoreceptors.
The electrodes are stimulated in accordance
with the pattern of light and dark pixels.
6. The electrical signals generated by the
electrodes then travel through the optic nerves
to brain. The brain in turn, interprets these
signals, able to see.
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12. On-going development
Researchers are already planning a 3rd version
that has a 1000 electrodes on the retinal
implant, which they believe could allow for
reading, facial-recognition capabilities etc
within less time.
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13. Mr James who had lost his
vision because of RP said
‘magic moment’:“I did not
know what to expect but after a
decade of darkness, there was a
sudden explosion of bright
light-like a flash bulb going
off” after bionic eye implant.
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14. Although the device will not be able to restore the
eyesight completely, but many people will be
benefited from the technology.
The new technology will hopefully assist people
suffering from AMD and RP.
This technology will give people the advantages of
having a general sense of their surroundings.
Hopefully, the technology may enable people to
recognize faces and facial expression.
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15. Current retinal implants provide very low
resolution just a few hundred pixels.
There are many doubts as to how the brain will
react to foreign signals generated by artificial light
sensors.
Too much expensive.
There are 120 million rods and 6 million cones in
the retina of every healthy human eye. Creating an
artificial replacement for these is no easy task.
The scientists explain that the bionic eye will be
affective for individuals who once had sight.
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16. Though we are long away from being able to
claim “Restored Vision”. But restoration of sight
is no more a dream now.
About 1.5 million people worldwide have RP,
and one in 10 people over the age of 55 have
AMD. The invention and implementation of
bionic eye could help those people.
Bionic eye may not restore the vision completely
but can help patients to least to find their way,
general sense about their surroundings, above all
lead an independent life .
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17. [1] An Overview -Artificial Eye (Bionic Eye) K. Pradeep, K.Vasantha
Kokilam and C. Sunitha. Proceedings of National Conference on
New Horizons in IT -NCNHIT 2013
[2] Artificial Vision–A Bionic Eye C. V. Krishnaveni, Ramesh B
Lakkakula, Sunki Manasa. Dept. of IT, Bhoj Reddy Engineering
Hyderabad, India IJCST Vol. 3, Issue 1, Jan. - March 2012
[3] Bionic eye: A look into current research and future prospects,
Dept. Of IT, GSSIETW, Mysore 2012
[4] "How does a "bionic eye" allow blind people to see?" - Health
health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/modern-technology/bionic-
eye.htm
[5] Argus retinal prosthesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argus retinal prosthesis
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