SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 26
Community:
The Heart of
Restoration

    TIGE, Caux
    July 2012

 Jared Buono, PhD
Sowmya Somnath, PE




                     Village Spring Protection
                     Maharashtra, India 2012
Contour Trenches
   CRS Project
Afghanistan, 2011
People




Technology        Funds/Framework
Over 50%
of all water
  projects

FAIL
in the first few years
Patchputewadi, India 2010
WATER   SANITATION   HYGIENE
783 MILLION
       NO ACCESS TO SAFE WATER



          2.5 BILLION
        NO ACCESS TO ADEQUATE
              SANITATION



         2.5 MILLION
                   LIVES LOST

WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme Report 2012 & WHO
         Global Burden of Disease 2008 update
$1



     (UNDP: Human Development Report, 2006)
Water, Sanitation
   & Hygiene




1.5 million
children die
from diarrheal
diseases every
year.


 WHO Global Burden of Disease 2008
% Reduction in Diarrheal Morbidity per Intervention

                                                                                          0%                  10%               20%                 30%              40%
                                                                                        Hand Washing with Soap                                                       47

                                                                                         Point of Use Water Treatment                                   39

                                                                                        Sanitation                                              32

                                                                                        Water Supply                             25
                                                                                        Water
                                                                                        Treatment 11




Modified From: Fewtrell et al. 2005. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions to Reduce Diarrhoea in Less Developed Countries: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Lancet
Infectious Diseases, Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2005, Pages 42-52.
Cost per Intervention to Avert 1 DALY due to Diarrhea
       $5000              $4000                $3000                $2000               $1000            $0


  Cholera Immunizations                                                 $1600 to 8000

  Latrine Construction & Promotion                                                 < $270

  Handpump                                                                                $90

  Water Sector Regulation & Advocacy                                                        $45

   Hygiene Promotion with                                                                        $3
   Hand Washing with Soap




Modified from: Laxminarayan et al. 2006. Intervention Cost-Effectiveness:Overview of Main Messages. Chapter 2. In. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. Second Edition. Edt. Jameson et al
The World Bank. Washington DC: National Institutes of Health.
grampari.org




watershedmg.org



  Founding Corporate Sponsor

More Related Content

Viewers also liked

Valeurs de plans
Valeurs de plansValeurs de plans
Valeurs de plansjmbalois
 
03.11.12.презентация казачество с комментарием_3.12
03.11.12.презентация казачество с комментарием_3.1203.11.12.презентация казачество с комментарием_3.12
03.11.12.презентация казачество с комментарием_3.12vkristina
 
Sitering referering og kildeliste
Sitering referering og kildelisteSitering referering og kildeliste
Sitering referering og kildelistedigitaldommekraft
 
Sztuka przyciągania ludzi / Miłosz Karbowski
Sztuka przyciągania ludzi / Miłosz KarbowskiSztuka przyciągania ludzi / Miłosz Karbowski
Sztuka przyciągania ludzi / Miłosz KarbowskiDarmowe Ebooki
 
Web of Change 2012 & Beyond
Web of Change 2012 & BeyondWeb of Change 2012 & Beyond
Web of Change 2012 & BeyondJason Mogus
 
Presentasjon fjordline 151112
Presentasjon fjordline 151112Presentasjon fjordline 151112
Presentasjon fjordline 151112visittelemark
 
Skuespillerforbundet - noen tanker pga digitalisering
Skuespillerforbundet - noen tanker pga digitaliseringSkuespillerforbundet - noen tanker pga digitalisering
Skuespillerforbundet - noen tanker pga digitaliseringTorgeir Andrew Waterhouse
 
Seisme Haiti 2010- 01-12
Seisme Haiti 2010- 01-12Seisme Haiti 2010- 01-12
Seisme Haiti 2010- 01-12pimento45
 
Børnenes lommepenge 2011
Børnenes lommepenge 2011 Børnenes lommepenge 2011
Børnenes lommepenge 2011 Nordea Bank
 

Viewers also liked (17)

Valeurs de plans
Valeurs de plansValeurs de plans
Valeurs de plans
 
03.11.12.презентация казачество с комментарием_3.12
03.11.12.презентация казачество с комментарием_3.1203.11.12.презентация казачество с комментарием_3.12
03.11.12.презентация казачество с комментарием_3.12
 
Chemex
ChemexChemex
Chemex
 
Sitering referering og kildeliste
Sitering referering og kildelisteSitering referering og kildeliste
Sitering referering og kildeliste
 
Dette er mitt liv
Dette er mitt livDette er mitt liv
Dette er mitt liv
 
Sztuka przyciągania ludzi / Miłosz Karbowski
Sztuka przyciągania ludzi / Miłosz KarbowskiSztuka przyciągania ludzi / Miłosz Karbowski
Sztuka przyciągania ludzi / Miłosz Karbowski
 
1 место - Мусаткина Екатерина
1 место - Мусаткина Екатерина1 место - Мусаткина Екатерина
1 место - Мусаткина Екатерина
 
Web of Change 2012 & Beyond
Web of Change 2012 & BeyondWeb of Change 2012 & Beyond
Web of Change 2012 & Beyond
 
Presentasjon fjordline 151112
Presentasjon fjordline 151112Presentasjon fjordline 151112
Presentasjon fjordline 151112
 
Skuespillerforbundet - noen tanker pga digitalisering
Skuespillerforbundet - noen tanker pga digitaliseringSkuespillerforbundet - noen tanker pga digitalisering
Skuespillerforbundet - noen tanker pga digitalisering
 
First term topics
First term topicsFirst term topics
First term topics
 
"O Falcão" 3ª Edição
"O Falcão" 3ª Edição"O Falcão" 3ª Edição
"O Falcão" 3ª Edição
 
takahashi m
takahashi mtakahashi m
takahashi m
 
Références médias
Références médiasRéférences médias
Références médias
 
Seisme Haiti 2010- 01-12
Seisme Haiti 2010- 01-12Seisme Haiti 2010- 01-12
Seisme Haiti 2010- 01-12
 
mori b
mori bmori b
mori b
 
Børnenes lommepenge 2011
Børnenes lommepenge 2011 Børnenes lommepenge 2011
Børnenes lommepenge 2011
 

Similar to TIGE 2012 wmg grampari

Lecture 1 Introduction_TST.docx
Lecture 1 Introduction_TST.docxLecture 1 Introduction_TST.docx
Lecture 1 Introduction_TST.docxMdNaimulIslamSany
 
Monitoring rural and small towns water supply in Thailand: A focus on water q...
Monitoring rural and small towns water supply in Thailand: A focus on water q...Monitoring rural and small towns water supply in Thailand: A focus on water q...
Monitoring rural and small towns water supply in Thailand: A focus on water q...IRC
 
Hand Hygeine Symposia - The CRUDEM Foundation
Hand Hygeine Symposia - The CRUDEM FoundationHand Hygeine Symposia - The CRUDEM Foundation
Hand Hygeine Symposia - The CRUDEM FoundationThe CRUDEM Foundation
 
Health Survey Overview
Health Survey OverviewHealth Survey Overview
Health Survey Overviewkoopma1
 
2010 smart hygiene solutions
2010 smart hygiene solutions2010 smart hygiene solutions
2010 smart hygiene solutionsMyWASH
 
Hand wash trials using Anolyte solutions_Prof Cloete
Hand wash trials using Anolyte solutions_Prof  CloeteHand wash trials using Anolyte solutions_Prof  Cloete
Hand wash trials using Anolyte solutions_Prof CloeteTrevor William Sievert
 
Group 4 family water project
Group 4   family water projectGroup 4   family water project
Group 4 family water projectHeather Lee
 
A STUDY ON SANITATION AND WOMEN S HEALTH PROBLEMS IN RURAL AREAS
A STUDY ON SANITATION AND WOMEN S HEALTH PROBLEMS IN RURAL AREASA STUDY ON SANITATION AND WOMEN S HEALTH PROBLEMS IN RURAL AREAS
A STUDY ON SANITATION AND WOMEN S HEALTH PROBLEMS IN RURAL AREASBecky Gilbert
 
Emerging Pathogens In Wastewater
Emerging Pathogens In WastewaterEmerging Pathogens In Wastewater
Emerging Pathogens In Wastewatercrockettc
 
Using Evidence to Drive Health Interventions: The Case of Household Water Tre...
Using Evidence to Drive Health Interventions: The Case of Household Water Tre...Using Evidence to Drive Health Interventions: The Case of Household Water Tre...
Using Evidence to Drive Health Interventions: The Case of Household Water Tre...LIDC
 

Similar to TIGE 2012 wmg grampari (20)

Lecture 1 Introduction_TST.docx
Lecture 1 Introduction_TST.docxLecture 1 Introduction_TST.docx
Lecture 1 Introduction_TST.docx
 
Monitoring rural and small towns water supply in Thailand: A focus on water q...
Monitoring rural and small towns water supply in Thailand: A focus on water q...Monitoring rural and small towns water supply in Thailand: A focus on water q...
Monitoring rural and small towns water supply in Thailand: A focus on water q...
 
Hand Hygeine Symposia - The CRUDEM Foundation
Hand Hygeine Symposia - The CRUDEM FoundationHand Hygeine Symposia - The CRUDEM Foundation
Hand Hygeine Symposia - The CRUDEM Foundation
 
Appraisal review-wash
Appraisal review-washAppraisal review-wash
Appraisal review-wash
 
Health Survey Overview
Health Survey OverviewHealth Survey Overview
Health Survey Overview
 
D0421019023
D0421019023D0421019023
D0421019023
 
WaSH program SWOT analysis
WaSH program SWOT analysisWaSH program SWOT analysis
WaSH program SWOT analysis
 
2010 smart hygiene solutions
2010 smart hygiene solutions2010 smart hygiene solutions
2010 smart hygiene solutions
 
5AVIER5
5AVIER55AVIER5
5AVIER5
 
5EYES
5EYES5EYES
5EYES
 
Hand wash trials using Anolyte solutions_Prof Cloete
Hand wash trials using Anolyte solutions_Prof  CloeteHand wash trials using Anolyte solutions_Prof  Cloete
Hand wash trials using Anolyte solutions_Prof Cloete
 
WASH.pptx
WASH.pptxWASH.pptx
WASH.pptx
 
Group 4 family water project
Group 4   family water projectGroup 4   family water project
Group 4 family water project
 
A STUDY ON SANITATION AND WOMEN S HEALTH PROBLEMS IN RURAL AREAS
A STUDY ON SANITATION AND WOMEN S HEALTH PROBLEMS IN RURAL AREASA STUDY ON SANITATION AND WOMEN S HEALTH PROBLEMS IN RURAL AREAS
A STUDY ON SANITATION AND WOMEN S HEALTH PROBLEMS IN RURAL AREAS
 
Emerging Pathogens In Wastewater
Emerging Pathogens In WastewaterEmerging Pathogens In Wastewater
Emerging Pathogens In Wastewater
 
Using Evidence to Drive Health Interventions: The Case of Household Water Tre...
Using Evidence to Drive Health Interventions: The Case of Household Water Tre...Using Evidence to Drive Health Interventions: The Case of Household Water Tre...
Using Evidence to Drive Health Interventions: The Case of Household Water Tre...
 
VV2013
VV2013VV2013
VV2013
 
Sphere standards of wash
Sphere standards of washSphere standards of wash
Sphere standards of wash
 
Water For People presentation
Water For People presentationWater For People presentation
Water For People presentation
 
Irrigation in endodontics
Irrigation in endodonticsIrrigation in endodontics
Irrigation in endodontics
 

Recently uploaded

Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104misteraugie
 
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...EduSkills OECD
 
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.pptApplication orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.pptRamjanShidvankar
 
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.christianmathematics
 
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdfWeb & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdfJayanti Pande
 
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfKey note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfAdmir Softic
 
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy ConsultingGrant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy ConsultingTechSoup
 
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SDMeasures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SDThiyagu K
 
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfciinovamais
 
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The BasicsIntroduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The BasicsTechSoup
 
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptxUnit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptxVishalSingh1417
 
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impactAccessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impactdawncurless
 
Gardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch Letter
Gardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch LetterGardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch Letter
Gardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch LetterMateoGardella
 
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in DelhiRussian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhikauryashika82
 
SECOND SEMESTER TOPIC COVERAGE SY 2023-2024 Trends, Networks, and Critical Th...
SECOND SEMESTER TOPIC COVERAGE SY 2023-2024 Trends, Networks, and Critical Th...SECOND SEMESTER TOPIC COVERAGE SY 2023-2024 Trends, Networks, and Critical Th...
SECOND SEMESTER TOPIC COVERAGE SY 2023-2024 Trends, Networks, and Critical Th...KokoStevan
 
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxBasic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxDenish Jangid
 
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin ClassesMixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin ClassesCeline George
 
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptxThe basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptxheathfieldcps1
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
 
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
 
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.pptApplication orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
 
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
 
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdfWeb & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
 
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfKey note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
 
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy ConsultingGrant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
 
Advance Mobile Application Development class 07
Advance Mobile Application Development class 07Advance Mobile Application Development class 07
Advance Mobile Application Development class 07
 
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SDMeasures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
 
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
 
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The BasicsIntroduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
 
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptxUnit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
 
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: The Basics of Prompt Design"
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: The Basics of Prompt Design"Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: The Basics of Prompt Design"
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: The Basics of Prompt Design"
 
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impactAccessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
 
Gardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch Letter
Gardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch LetterGardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch Letter
Gardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch Letter
 
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in DelhiRussian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
 
SECOND SEMESTER TOPIC COVERAGE SY 2023-2024 Trends, Networks, and Critical Th...
SECOND SEMESTER TOPIC COVERAGE SY 2023-2024 Trends, Networks, and Critical Th...SECOND SEMESTER TOPIC COVERAGE SY 2023-2024 Trends, Networks, and Critical Th...
SECOND SEMESTER TOPIC COVERAGE SY 2023-2024 Trends, Networks, and Critical Th...
 
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxBasic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
 
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin ClassesMixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
 
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptxThe basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
 

TIGE 2012 wmg grampari

  • 1. Community: The Heart of Restoration TIGE, Caux July 2012 Jared Buono, PhD Sowmya Somnath, PE Village Spring Protection Maharashtra, India 2012
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Contour Trenches CRS Project Afghanistan, 2011
  • 8. People Technology Funds/Framework
  • 9. Over 50% of all water projects FAIL in the first few years
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19. WATER SANITATION HYGIENE
  • 20. 783 MILLION NO ACCESS TO SAFE WATER 2.5 BILLION NO ACCESS TO ADEQUATE SANITATION 2.5 MILLION LIVES LOST WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme Report 2012 & WHO Global Burden of Disease 2008 update
  • 21. $1 (UNDP: Human Development Report, 2006)
  • 22. Water, Sanitation & Hygiene 1.5 million children die from diarrheal diseases every year. WHO Global Burden of Disease 2008
  • 23. % Reduction in Diarrheal Morbidity per Intervention 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% Hand Washing with Soap 47 Point of Use Water Treatment 39 Sanitation 32 Water Supply 25 Water Treatment 11 Modified From: Fewtrell et al. 2005. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions to Reduce Diarrhoea in Less Developed Countries: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2005, Pages 42-52.
  • 24. Cost per Intervention to Avert 1 DALY due to Diarrhea $5000 $4000 $3000 $2000 $1000 $0 Cholera Immunizations $1600 to 8000 Latrine Construction & Promotion < $270 Handpump $90 Water Sector Regulation & Advocacy $45 Hygiene Promotion with $3 Hand Washing with Soap Modified from: Laxminarayan et al. 2006. Intervention Cost-Effectiveness:Overview of Main Messages. Chapter 2. In. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. Second Edition. Edt. Jameson et al The World Bank. Washington DC: National Institutes of Health.
  • 25.

Editor's Notes

  1. The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a measure of overall disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death. Originally developed by Harvard University for the World Bank in 1990, the World Health Organization subsequently adopted the method in 2000. The DALY is becoming increasingly common in the field of public health and health impact assessment (HIA). It &quot;extends the concept of potential years of life lost due to premature death...to include equivalent years of ‘healthy’ life lost by virtue of being in states of poor health ordisability.&quot;[2] In so doing, mortality and morbidity are combined into a single, common metric
  2. Diarrheal diseaseARIHelmithEye infections MDG 7 environmental sustainability, traget 10 halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitationDirect MDG, 4 target 4 reduce by 2/3 the under 5 mortality rate (90 to 1015)Direct MDG 6, target 8, have halted by 2015 and begun to revser the incidence of malaria and other major diseasesIndirect MDG 3, target 3 ensure by 2015 children (boys and girls alike) will be able to complete a full course of primary schoolingIndirect MDG 5, improving maternal health, target 8 reduce by ¾ maternal mortality ratio
  3. The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a measure of overall disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death. Originally developed by Harvard University for the World Bank in 1990, the World Health Organization subsequently adopted the method in 2000. The DALY is becoming increasingly common in the field of public health and health impact assessment (HIA). It &quot;extends the concept of potential years of life lost due to premature death...to include equivalent years of ‘healthy’ life lost by virtue of being in states of poor health ordisability.&quot;[2] In so doing, mortality and morbidity are combined into a single, common metric