This document discusses water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programs in Pakistan. It notes that over 1 billion people lack access to clean drinking water according to the WHO, and poor sanitation is a leading cause of child mortality in Pakistan. The document outlines the importance of WASH and describes various activities to improve access to safe water, adequate sanitation facilities, and hygiene promotion programs. These activities include installing and rehabilitating hand pumps, latrines, and water reservoirs, as well as implementing water quality testing, filtration, and disinfection methods.
3. WHY WASH
According to a 2007 (WHO) report, 1.1 billion
people lack access to an improved drinking water
supply.
1.8 million people die from diarrheal diseases each
year.
The WHO estimates that 94 percent of these
diarrheal disease are preventable trough access to
safe water, adequate sanitation and proper hygiene.
4. WHY WASH
Pakistan is facing worst water and sanitation problems in
rural, urban communities.
Inadequate water and sanitation is a leading cause of about
60% of child mortality in Pakistan.
Water related diseases occupy (20 to 40%) of hospitals
beds in Pakistan.
Sindh is at the top having diarrheal alerts and outbreaks
which are higher than average in Pakistan.
7. WATER
Access to clean water can be considered as
one of the basic needs and rights of a
human being
8. WATER CONTAMINATION
Water Contamination is any chemical,
physical or biological change in the quality
of water that has a harmful effect on any
living thing that drinks or uses this water.
9. SOURCES OF WATER CONTAMINATION
Garbage/Wastage from cities/towns
disposed in Water canals, rivers, ponds.
Wastage of factories/industries
Wastage of hospitals.
Use of chemical pesticides/fertilizers.
18. ACTIVITIES FOR SAFE WATER
ACCESS
Hand pumps Installation
Hand pumps rehabilitation
Water Reservoirs New/Rehab
Water Quality Testing
Water Filtration methods at household level
19. Basic Water Purification Methods
Water Boiling
Water Disinfection Tablets
Alum (Phitkrhi)
Chlorination
Solar water disinfection
Nadi Filter
20. SANITATION
World Health Organization (WHO) defines
sanitation as group of methods to collect human
excreta and urine as well as community waste
waters in a hygienic way, where human and
community health is not altered.
22. HYGIENE PROMOTION
Hygiene promotion activities (HP) are done to
change “risk behaviors” within the population by
providing basic knowledge and resources.
A planned approach for preventing diarrheal
diseases through the widespread use of safe
hygiene practices is known as Hygiene
Promotion.
23. HYGIENE PROMOTION
Transmission of diseases, understanding of risks and
solutions
Proper use of facilities
Proper water use: collection, transport, storage and
consumption
Promotion of appropriate sanitation
Basic personal hygiene
Environmental hygiene
Food hygiene
Children hygiene