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Atomic Structure –
cont…
Isotopes
Elements are defined by the number of protons
(atomic #, Z).
Atoms of an element with the same # of protons and
electrons, but different # of neutrons.
◦ Same atomic # (Z) but different mass # (A)
◦ Same chemical properties, however some are radioactive
Isotopes - hydrogen
Isotopes - chlorine
Chlorine Protons Electrons Neutrons
n
Isotopes - chlorine
Chlorine Protons Electrons Neutrons
n
17 17
17 17
Isotopes - chlorine
Chlorine Protons Electrons Neutrons
n
17 17 35-17=18
17 17 37-17 = 20
Isotopes
Practice Problems…..
Relative Atomic Mass
(Ar)
oHow we compare the
mass of atoms
oBased on Carbon
atom
oAtomic mass units
(amu)
Element Ar
H 1
C 12
O 16
Mg 24
Cl 35.5
Relative Atomic Mass
(Ar)
Calculate the relative atomic mass (Ar) or Chlorine.
25 % 75 %
(75x35) + (25x37)= 35.5 amu
100
Arrangement of Electrons in
Atoms
Electrons move very fast around the
nucleus
It is impossible to pinpoint their
location
Electrons are arranged in energy levels
and cannot be between them.
Arrangement of Electrons in
Atoms
1st level – 2
2nd level – 8
3rd level – 18 (when 8 are present next two
jump to level-4, then following return to
level-3)
4th level - 2
Arrangement of Electrons in
Atoms
Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams

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Atomic structure – cont