1. Inequalities in Health: Lifestyle Factors

4. Diet

5. Diet Obesity is calculated by a person’s body mass index – BMI – weight in kg divided by height in m 2 BMI > 25 = overweight BMI > 30 = obese Obesity BMI = weight in kg height in m 2

6. Obesity International Comparison (OECD, 2005)

7. Obesity in the UK During last 25 years, the rate of obesity in adults has quadrupled in the UK. In England, 43% of men and 34% of women were classified as overweight and 22% of men and 23 % of women were classified as clinically obese. This means that over half of all adults weigh more than their recommended weight. (OECD 2005) Obesity

8. Children and Obesity ( (www.esrcsocietytoday.ac.uk/ 2005)

9. Link between diet and ill health

12. Obesity is a gender issue (Report of the Measuring Inequalities in Health Working Group (Scotland), November 2003) More females are obese than males. In females, obesity levels are increasing amongst the less well off but remain the same for the better off. In males, obesity levels are increasing amongst both socio-economic groups.

13. Obesity is also a class issue (Report of the Measuring Inequalities in Health Working Group (Scotland), November 2003) Obesity levels are higher the lower the social class. Social class I – 10% are obese. Obesity levels in the lowest social class are similar to those in the USA. Social class IV – 20% are obese Social class V – 25% are obese.

16. Link between diet, social class and ill health (Report of the Measuring Inequalities in Health Working Group (Scotland), November 2003) Incidence of Chronic Illness by Social Class (per 10,000 of population) 1999 Income decreases Most affluent group who do not eat fruit daily Females: 31% Males: 45% Least affluent group who do not eat fruit daily Females : 55% Males: 69% 235 187 163 141 132 98 Musculoskeletal 70 53 42 32 34 30 Digestive 102 80 71 64 58 56 Respiratory 134 117 95 77 90 67 Heart E D C2 C1 B A Condition

18. Scotland - the facts! 1 in 8 children in Scotland are officially overweight. Scottish boys are the fattest in Europe. Almost 100% ate sweets every day. 75% ate crisps and fizzy drinks as snacks every day. The facts! 24% of 15 year olds in the West of Scotland eat 4 or more snacks a day. 28% of adults eat fresh fruit and 20% eat fresh vegetables once a week or less. 17% of adults in the district of Renfrew eat less than one full meal a day.

19. The James Report The average Scottish diet is: Scotland's Diet deficient in fibre and certain vitamins contains too much sugar contains too much salt contains too much saturated fat. deficient in fruit and vegetables

20. The James Report Recommendations Children's Diets 3-4 portions of fruit and vegetables per day 75% should eat fish twice a week and meat less than twice a week Cereals, granary bread twice a day Most should consume semi- skimmed milk Sweets and cake consumption should be reduced Disadvantaged should be helped to follow a good diet

21. Children's Diets More controversial recommendations The James Report Recommendations Ban food adverts on children’s TV Minimum age at which children can leave school at lunchtime Stop sale of sweets, salty snacks, fizzy drinks in schools No junk food outlets near schools Scandinavia has already banned food adverts on children’s TV. Arguments: limits choice? ‘ Nanny state’ gone mad?

23. Percentage of people taking NO exercise ( (‘’Working Towards a Healthier Scotland, 1999’’) by age 55-64 0 25 50 75 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 65-74 Percentage Age group

24. Percentage of people taking NO exercise ( ‘’Working Towards a Healthier Scotland, 1999’’) 32% 33% 35% 43% 42% 30% by social class by gender 0 25 50 AB C1 C2 DE Women Men 0 25