Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र

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Krishi Vigyan Kendras
क
ृ षि षिज्ञान क
ें द्र
Krashi Coaching
Agriculture
by Satyam Sharma

History and introduction of KVK
Objectives of K.V.K. activities
Activities of KVK in adopted Villages
KVK – Aims & Objectives
Mandate of KVK
Transformation of KVKs
Significant achievements
Issues of KVKs
Conclusion
KVK
Content

Krishi Vigyan Kendras
Play pivotal role as frontline extension systems in India's agricultural landscape.
Currently 731 KVKs operating across country.
Also known as Agricultural Science Centres
KVKs are district-level institutions that drive innovation & empower farmers
with scientific knowledge & techniques.
First KVK was Established in Puducherry (Pondicherry) on March 21, 1974 by
ICAR following Dr Mohan Singh Mehta Committee Report recommendations.
Planning Commission - to establish more KVKs in country and approved to
establish 44 new KVKs during Sixth Plan.

National Commission on Agriculture (1976) in its report on
‘Research, Education and Extension’ recommended that there
should be a plan for each district to have one KVK and ultimately to
have three for each district.
India currently have 731 KVKs operating across country
One KVK in 545 districts
Two KVKs in 93 districts.
ATARIs At zonal level, Agricultural Technology Application
Research Institutes play role of coordination and monitoring with
headquarters at Ludhiana, Jodhpur, Kanpur, Patna, Kolkata, Guwahati,
Barapani, Pune, Jabalpur, Hyderabad and Bengaluru.

KVK is a noble concept develoed by ICAR which was rest upon a solid
base of transfer of tehnology from laboratory to farmer's field
As per recommendations of Mohan Singh Meheta Committee during
1974, K.V.K.s were established in different states.
K.V.K. as light house for rural people.
During 1960s ICAR generate new technology for increasing crop
production in sectors.
But technologies so generated in research field are not transferred (not
reach farmer due to high cost of adoption, lack of interest of extension
agencies) through extension agencies of different state Government.
Later on K.V.Ks were established for easy and active participation of
farmers through Front Line Demonstration and on Farm Testing.

As per mandate of ICAR, K.V.K. will operate under administrative control of
SAU or Central Institute situated in a particular area.
Different scientists from different disciplines as per specific requirement of
particular area are posted in KVK as Training Associate.
Generally there are six categories of scientists posted in K.V.K.
(i) Training Associate (Crop Production)
(ii) Training Association (Horticulture)
(iii) Training Associate (Plant Protection)
(iv) Training Association (Animal Science)
(v) Training Associate (Agricultural Engineering)
(vi) Training Associate (Home Science)

Training Organiser, head of KVK family coordinates work of all
scientists for smooth functioning of K.V.K. as well as for benefit of
rural people of that particular area.
Every K.V.K. has adopted 4 to 6 economically, culturally and
technologically backward villages situated within 10-20 Kms radius of
K.V.K.

Objectives of K.V.K. activities
(a) To demonstrate new improved technology to farmers
(b) To identify important problems of that area.
(c) To collect feedback from farmers and to communicate these massage
to research scientists
(d) To provide new and important information in that locality to improve
their economic condition.
(e) To impart training on different topics to villagers.
(f) To prepare different extension models and verify these models in
farmers field with their participation to create confidence among them.

Activities of KVK in adopted Villages
(1) Farm Advisory Service
(2) Training programs for different categories of people
(3) Training program for extension functionaries
(4) Front Line Demonstration (Fill)
(5) On Farm Testing (OFT)
(6) K.V.K. has different demonstration units such as Mushroom unit.
Biofertilizer unit, Vermicompost unit, Broiler farming unit,
Beekeeping unit, Fruit preservation unit, etc.

Training of farmers and farm women to update their knowledge and skills
in modern agricultural technologies and training of extension
Work as resource and knowledge centre of agricultural technology for
supporting initiatives of public, private and voluntary sector for improving
the agricultural economy of the district.
Front line demonstrations (FLD's) to establish production potentials on
farmers fields
On-farm trials to identify location specific technologies
Create awareness about frontier technologies through large number of
extension activities like farmers' fair, field day, strategic campaign, etc.
Provide seed & planting materials produced by KVKs to farmer

District Details example – Jabalpur
KVK, Jabalpur comes under Kymore Plateau & Satpura Hills Agro Climatic Zone
(Zone-VII ).
Total 1393 villages & 5,19,757 ha geographical area. The
Climate suitable for cultivation for oilseed, pulses, cereals and horticultural crops
Cropping intensity -136.45
Annual rain fall of 1358 mm.
Major soil type - Medium & Black soils
Maximum temperature in May (40-430C)
Minimum temperature in January (8-100C).
Predominant crops of Jabalpur district Paddy, Pigeon pea, Soybean, Maize, Sesame
in kharif and Wheat, Gram, Pea and Mustard in rabi.
Total area under irrigation - 28% out of which only 18% is double cropped

Thrust areas identified based on Participatory
Rural Appraisal of Jabalpur district
Enhancement of Seed Replacement rate
Formation of Seed production groups/societies
Integrated Nutrient Management
Soil & Water Management
Replacement of low value crops through more productive high value crops
Soil enrichment through recycling of farm waste and use of bioinoculants
as biofertilizer along with organics
In situ water conservation and groundwater recharging through run off
harvesting and mulches.

Integrated Pest and Disease Management
Deep summer ploughing and tmely sowing with seed treatment and use
of botanicals, bioagents and biopesticides
Integrated Farming Systems
Genetic upgradation of livestock
Feed and fodder management
Health and Care of animals
Improvement in cropping intensity in rainfed areas
Proper utilisation of natural resources in crop production

Technolopgy Park Consists
Crop Cafeteria -A place having live demonstration on various crops/varieties,
vegetables, fruits, medicinal plants, Kitchen Garden, Azolla Unit, Zero energy cool
chamber unit, Poly house, Net house, Portable Tunnel, Vermicompost Unit, etc
Technology Desk- Farming situation based modules: IPM module for gram/tomato
(Tomato: Marigold 16:1), SRI system for upland in Paddy, Ridge and furrow
system in kharif pulses, Lac cultivation Agri silviculture system, Bio farming,
Fish+Trapa-wheat, Agri horticulture system
Visitors Gallery
Technology Exhibition
Gate- Valve
Scion bank

Linkages of KVKs
A. Linkages for Technical Support
1. Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi (ICAR)
2. Directorate of Weed Science and Research, Jabalpur (ICAR)
3. Project Coordinating Unit of Sesame & Niger, Jabalpur (ICAR)
4. Indian Grass Land and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi (ICAR)
5. Indian Institute Vegetable Research, Varanasi (ICAR)
6. Central Institute of Sub Tropical Horticulture, Lucknow, (ICAR)
7. National Research Centre for Agro-Forestry, Jhansi (ICAR),
8. Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur, (GoI)
9. National Centre of Organic Farming, Gaziabad, (GoI)
10. State Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur (GoMP)
11. Rajmata Vijyarajya Sindhia Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Gwalior
12. Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Raipur, (SAU)
13. Madhya Pradesh Pashu Chikitsa Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Jabalpur
14. University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, (SAU)
15. State Department of Agriculture, M.P
16. State Department of Horticulture, M.P
17. State Department of Animal Husbandry, M.P
18. Mahatma Gandhi State Rural Development Institute, M.P.
B. Linkages for mass communication & technology
diffusion
1.National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development
2. Nationalised Banks
3. National Fertilizer Ltd.
4. Indian Farmers Fertilizers Cooperative Ltd.
5. Private Organizations dealing with Agro-chemicals
6. Non Government Organizations
7. Local Newspapers & Cables
8. Akashvani, Jabalpur (GoI)
9. Doordharshan Kendra, Bhopal (GoI)
10. ETV, MP & Chattisgarh (Private)
C. Linkages of Projects
National Food Security Mission, National Fertilizer Ltd
National Bamboo Mission, National Horticulture
Mission, Seed Village Programme, ATMA, Organic
Farming, IARI Trials, Nutri cereal, AICRP on Agro-
forestry & Deptt. of forestry, VTP, TSP, PPV &FRA

All activities of K.V.K. are undertaken as per suggestion & approval of Scientific
Advisory Committee.
Scientific Advisory Committee held once in a year to review work of K.V.K.
and provide suggestions for future plan of work.
Scientific Advisory Committee consists of a
1. Representative from Vice-chancellor of SAU or Director of Institute,
2. Representative from ICAR
3. Representative of District Collector
4. Representatives from Department of Agriculture, Horticulture
5. Progressive male and female farmers,
6. Male and female social workers
7. Training Organizer of concern KVK

All KVKs fall under jurisdiction of one of 11 Agricultural Technology
Application Research Institutes (ATARIs) throughout India.
These Krishi Vigyaan Kendra are 100% financed by Government of
India and are crucial to fulfilling target of doubling farmer’s income in
near future. Read about Krishi Kalyan Abhiyan Scheme on given link.

KVKs nurtured by ICAR (under guidance of Agricultural Extension Division)
Operate under administrative control of
1. Agricultural Universities (509 KVKs)
2. ICAR Institutes (66 KVKs)
3. Non-Government Organizations (101 KVKs)
4. State Governments (38 KVKs)
5. Central Universities (3 KVKs)
6. Deemed Universities (7 KVKs)
7. Public Sector Undertakings (2 KVKs)
8. other Educational Institutions (5 KVKs)

Krishi Vigyan Kendra Features
1. Confirmation of technologies to suit local specificity
2. Showcasing frontier technologies
3. Capacity-building among stakeholders
4. Creation of valuable resources in terms of technical manpower and
assets
5. Front runner in technological application, information and inputs
6. Participatory approaches in planning, implementing, executing and
evaluation

KVK – Aims & Objectives
Krishi Vigyan Kendra plays a vital role in conducting on-farm testing
to demonstrate location-specific agricultural technologies.
It aims at assessment of location-specific technology modules in
agriculture and allied enterprises, through technology assessment,
refinement and demonstrations.
It also aims to apply agricultural research in a practical, localized
setting.
Krishi Vigyan Kendras have been functioning as Knowledge and
Resource Centre of agricultural technology supporting initiatives of
public, private and voluntary sector for improving agricultural
economy of district.

Mandate of KVK
1. On-farm testing – operating a small farm to test new technologies such as seed
varieties or innovative farming methods to assess location specificity of
agricultural technologies under various farming systems.
2. Capacity development – train farmers and extension personnel
3. Frontline demonstrations – showcasing efficacy of new technology on farmers
fields.
4. Multi-Sector Support- supporting initiatives of public, private and voluntary
sectors to improve agricultural economy of district.
5. Advisory Services – weather advisories or market pricing.
6. Krishi Vigyan Kendras produce quality technological products (seed, planting
material, bio-agents, livestock) and make them available to farmers

Transformation of KVKs
Recommendations of several committees and 12 National Conferences of
KVKs during last five decades suggested for strengthening of KVKs
KVK transformed from mere a training institution to Single Window
Agricultural Knowledge, Resource & Capacity Development Centre.
Initially, sole mandate of KVK was to impart training to farmers/farm
women/rural youth and extension personnel to enhance their knowledge and
skill in frontier areas of agriculture.
During course of implementation of KVK scheme, it was realized that
training only would not be useful unless it is followed up with frontline
demonstrations in farmers’ fields in order to demonstrate production
potential of agricultural technologies.

During VIII Five-Year Plan, mandate of KVK was further reviewed
and On-Farm Testing for identifying technologies in terms of
location specific land use systems was added to mandate of KVK.
During XI Plan, mandate of working as resource and knowledge
centre of agricultural technologies for supporting initiatives of public,
private and voluntary sectors for improving agricultural economy of
district
Mandate of KVKs - technology assessment, refinement &
demonstration of technologies/ products in XII Plan & technology
assessment and demonstration for its application and capacity
development in XIII plan.
Now, proposed mandate of KVK is Single Window Agricultural
Knowledge, Resource and Capacity Development Centre.

Significant achievements
Numerous farmers affiliated with KVKs were honoured with
Government Padma Shri Awards and Genome Saviour Awards,
acknowledging their exceptional contributions to agriculture.
Implementation of District Agriculture Contingency Plans across 623
districts has provided a comprehensive framework for managing weather
aberrations.
KVK initiative, Cluster Frontline Demonstration (CFLD) program
played a crucial role in bolstering pulses production, elevating it from an
average of 17.70 MT to 27.80 MT in 2022-23.
Crop Residue Management (CRM) initiatives in 60 districts of four states
have led to a remarkable 52% reduction in crop residue burning incidents

Third-party evaluation conducted by NITI Aayog Institute - National Institute
of Labour Economics Research and Development (2018) sheds light on
significant impact and operational dynamics of KVKs across India.
On an average, each KVK covers 43 villages and serves approximately 4,300
farmers, with approximately 80% of these villages located over 10 kilometres
away its premises.
Adoption of KVK-recommended technologies has led to a notable 42%
increase in productivity.
Each KVK annually trains about 100 individuals in agripreneurship, with
approximately 25% of trainees embarking on self-employment ventures
thereafter.

Impact study conducted by International Food Policy Research Institute
(IFPRI) in 2019 highlights significant contributions of KVKs to agricultural
development in India.
Study indicates a remarkably high rate of return on expenditure invested in
KVKs, with one year of incremental gain covering approximately 12 years of
expenditure.
Additionally, Benefit Cost Ratio for expenditure on KVKs is reported to be
11.78, underlining favourable economic returns generated by KVK initiatives.
Scaling of Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) models across 26 States/UTs,
including 31 bankable IFS for 22 States, has not only increased household net
income by 39% but also improved dietary diversity scores by 8.57%.

Other initiatives KVKs
ARYA (Attracting and Retaining Youth in Agriculture) to develop capacity
of youths & translating their skills in establishing enterprises & ensuring
retention of youth in agriculture.
KSHAMTA (Knowledge Systems and Homestead Agriculture
Management in Tribal Areas) covering 125 tribal districts to train tribal
farmers
Helped in promoting sustainable livelihoods, and conserving indigenous
knowledge systems.
NARI (Nutri-sensitive Agricultural Resources and Innovations) project
implemented to influence sustainability of food and nutritional dynamics by
empowering women in agriculture.

425 KVKs promoting natural farming by engaging 6.80 lakh farmers,
conducting 4,105 demonstrations.
KISAAN 2.0, which integrates over 300 agricultural Apps into a single
interface accessible in multiple Indian languages.
KVKs embraced drone technology through Atal Tinkering Labs.
Kisan Sarathi - digital platform
1. 1.74 million registered farmers
2. sent more than 5.8 crore advisories
Landscape Diagnostic Survey (LDS) in pulses across 52 districts
and promotion of FPOs, with KVKs supporting 117 FPOs and
functioning as Cluster Based Business Organizations (CBBOs),
signify their holistic approach towards agricultural development.

KVKs are building partnership and collaborating with 61 ICAR
Institutes, 31 Ministries/departments of Government of India, and
private players, like Amazon, Bayer and Krishi Jagran which
underscore their commitment to innovation and convergence.
Linkages with Common Service Centre (CSC) is going to be game
changer in transmitting agricultural information and making farmers
aware about new technologies and schemes.

Issues of KVKs
Initially allocated with a sanctioned strength of 22 personnel, current
workforce has dwindled to just 16 individuals.
Scope of mandated activities expanded significantly
Expectations of diverse stakeholders has also increased manifold
Crunch of human resources (vacant positions) at KVK level
Lack of uniformity and various administrative and financial issues
related to KVK personnel across host organizations is impacting their
performance.

CONCLUSION
Establishment of KVKs by ICAR.
Numbers, currently standing at 731 across country
KVKs play a crucial role in assessment and dissemination of
agricultural technology.
Notably, no other agricultural system in country, be it large or small,
boasts a decentralized research capacity as robust as frontline
initiatives undertaken by KVKs at district level.

These Farm Science Centres serve as dynamic hubs for research, extension,
and capacity building.
District-level presence of KVKs ensures benefits of research and innovation
reach at grassroots level.
KVK model merged as a beacon of success in agricultural development.
New challenges (conservation of natural resources, achieving higher
agricultural productivity sustainably, and enhancing farmers’ income) can be
solved by optimizing farming-to-market value chain efficiency.

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