This document discusses different types of finish lines used in fixed prosthodontic restorations. It defines finish lines and describes their principles and configurations for both extracoronal and intracoronal restorations. For extracoronal restorations, finish line types for full veneer crowns, partial veneer crowns, and laminate veneers are explained. For intracoronal restorations, finish line designs and bevels for direct restorations using amalgam, composites, and direct gold are outlined. Guidelines for finish line placement and exposure techniques are also provided.
The document summarizes the key aspects of MOD onlay preparations including:
- MOD onlays provide cuspal protection and distribute occlusal forces over a wide area.
- Preparations involve capping functional cusps and shoeing non-functional cusps.
- Walls, occlusal bevels, tables, and counterbevels are prepared on capped surfaces. Shoe and occlusal bevel are prepared on shoed surfaces.
- Proximal portions are similar to inlay preparations with primary and secondary flares.
- Preparations are modified for different alloy types and Class IV/V materials.
Border Moulding in Complete Denture Prosthesis ,This Seminar was presented By Dr. Alim Al Razi,DR. Halima Sadia, and Dr. Tahmina Akter at prosthodontics Department ,Dhaka Dental College and Hospital.We tried To cover Full theoretical and practical Information Regarding This Topic.
The document discusses the dentinogenic concept introduced by John P. Frush and Roland D. Fisher. This concept states that the form of one's teeth is determined by factors like sex, age, and personality. Masculine features include prominent, square teeth while feminine features include smaller, rounded teeth. Personality is also a factor, with vigorous people having squarer teeth and delicate people having smaller, symmetrically arranged teeth. Age affects features like shade, wear, and the shape of the smiling line and canines. Dentinogenic restorations aim to incorporate these factors to create natural-looking teeth according to one's sex, personality, and age.
Principles of tooth preparation in Fixed Partial DenturesVinay Kadavakolanu
The document discusses principles of tooth preparation for dental restorations. It summarizes that the all-ceramic crown preparation design requires the highest percentage of tooth structure reduction at 65.26%, while ceramic veneers require the lowest at 30.28%. Proper tooth preparation aims to preserve tooth structure, provide retention and resistance, maintain structural durability and marginal integrity, and preserve the periodontium. The amount and location of tooth reduction impacts these factors.
This document discusses preparations for partial veneer crowns. It covers indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, and preparations for both posterior and anterior teeth. For posterior teeth, it describes preparations for maxillary premolar and molar three-quarter and seven-eighth crowns, as well as mandibular premolar modified three-quarter crowns. For anterior teeth, it discusses maxillary canine three-quarter crowns and pinledge preparations for maxillary central incisors. The goal of partial veneer crowns is to preserve tooth structure while providing retention, resistance, and rigidity. Proper preparation design and metal coverage are important for successful partial crowns.
This document discusses different types of labial bows used in removable orthodontic appliances. A labial bow is an essential component that functions to retrude anterior teeth. There are several types including short and long labial bows, Roberts retractors, reverse labial bows, and Begg's labial bow. Each has a specific indication and method of fabrication and activation. The document reviews the components, placement, construction techniques, and functions of various labial bows used to correct malocclusions through minor tooth movements.
The document discusses balanced occlusion in prosthodontics. It defines balanced occlusion as simultaneous contact of opposing teeth in centric relation position, with smooth bilateral gliding to eccentric positions. It describes Hanau's quint, which are the five factors that determine balanced occlusion: condylar guidance, incisal guidance, occlusal plane, compensating curves, and cusp inclination. It also discusses selection of posterior teeth based on ridge morphology, and arrangements for different molar and arch relationships. Examples are provided for managing resorbed ridges and flabby tissues. The goal is to understand principles of occlusion to provide patients with balanced occlusion.
This document provides information on full crown tooth preparations, including definitions, biological and mechanical principles, and guidelines. It discusses the importance of margin location in relation to the biologic width to maintain gingival health. It also covers principles such as preservation of tooth structure, retention and resistance form, and considerations for different crest relationships to minimize risk of tissue recession. Guidelines are provided for preparation taper, height and diameter to enhance durability and resistance to dislodging forces.
The document summarizes the key aspects of MOD onlay preparations including:
- MOD onlays provide cuspal protection and distribute occlusal forces over a wide area.
- Preparations involve capping functional cusps and shoeing non-functional cusps.
- Walls, occlusal bevels, tables, and counterbevels are prepared on capped surfaces. Shoe and occlusal bevel are prepared on shoed surfaces.
- Proximal portions are similar to inlay preparations with primary and secondary flares.
- Preparations are modified for different alloy types and Class IV/V materials.
Border Moulding in Complete Denture Prosthesis ,This Seminar was presented By Dr. Alim Al Razi,DR. Halima Sadia, and Dr. Tahmina Akter at prosthodontics Department ,Dhaka Dental College and Hospital.We tried To cover Full theoretical and practical Information Regarding This Topic.
The document discusses the dentinogenic concept introduced by John P. Frush and Roland D. Fisher. This concept states that the form of one's teeth is determined by factors like sex, age, and personality. Masculine features include prominent, square teeth while feminine features include smaller, rounded teeth. Personality is also a factor, with vigorous people having squarer teeth and delicate people having smaller, symmetrically arranged teeth. Age affects features like shade, wear, and the shape of the smiling line and canines. Dentinogenic restorations aim to incorporate these factors to create natural-looking teeth according to one's sex, personality, and age.
Principles of tooth preparation in Fixed Partial DenturesVinay Kadavakolanu
The document discusses principles of tooth preparation for dental restorations. It summarizes that the all-ceramic crown preparation design requires the highest percentage of tooth structure reduction at 65.26%, while ceramic veneers require the lowest at 30.28%. Proper tooth preparation aims to preserve tooth structure, provide retention and resistance, maintain structural durability and marginal integrity, and preserve the periodontium. The amount and location of tooth reduction impacts these factors.
This document discusses preparations for partial veneer crowns. It covers indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, and preparations for both posterior and anterior teeth. For posterior teeth, it describes preparations for maxillary premolar and molar three-quarter and seven-eighth crowns, as well as mandibular premolar modified three-quarter crowns. For anterior teeth, it discusses maxillary canine three-quarter crowns and pinledge preparations for maxillary central incisors. The goal of partial veneer crowns is to preserve tooth structure while providing retention, resistance, and rigidity. Proper preparation design and metal coverage are important for successful partial crowns.
This document discusses different types of labial bows used in removable orthodontic appliances. A labial bow is an essential component that functions to retrude anterior teeth. There are several types including short and long labial bows, Roberts retractors, reverse labial bows, and Begg's labial bow. Each has a specific indication and method of fabrication and activation. The document reviews the components, placement, construction techniques, and functions of various labial bows used to correct malocclusions through minor tooth movements.
The document discusses balanced occlusion in prosthodontics. It defines balanced occlusion as simultaneous contact of opposing teeth in centric relation position, with smooth bilateral gliding to eccentric positions. It describes Hanau's quint, which are the five factors that determine balanced occlusion: condylar guidance, incisal guidance, occlusal plane, compensating curves, and cusp inclination. It also discusses selection of posterior teeth based on ridge morphology, and arrangements for different molar and arch relationships. Examples are provided for managing resorbed ridges and flabby tissues. The goal is to understand principles of occlusion to provide patients with balanced occlusion.
This document provides information on full crown tooth preparations, including definitions, biological and mechanical principles, and guidelines. It discusses the importance of margin location in relation to the biologic width to maintain gingival health. It also covers principles such as preservation of tooth structure, retention and resistance form, and considerations for different crest relationships to minimize risk of tissue recession. Guidelines are provided for preparation taper, height and diameter to enhance durability and resistance to dislodging forces.
The document discusses overdentures, which are removable partial or complete dentures that cover and rest on one or more remaining natural teeth, tooth roots, or dental implants. Key points include:
- Retaining natural teeth can preserve alveolar bone and periodontal receptors important for function.
- Abutment teeth are prepared with short copings or left uncovered, and attachments may be added to improve retention.
- Overdentures can improve retention, stability, support and proprioception compared to conventional dentures.
- Proper case selection and maintenance are important for long term success.
This document provides information on impression making for complete dentures. It begins with an introduction on impression making being an art that requires skill and knowledge of oral anatomy. It then covers the history, definitions, theories, objectives, related anatomy, materials and techniques for preliminary and final impressions. The key steps discussed are preliminary examination, selection of tray and material, making the preliminary impression, border molding, and making the final impression. The goals of impression making are to preserve ridges, provide support, retention, stability, and aesthetics.
This document discusses different types of retainers used for fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It describes various retainer options including full coverage crowns, partial coverage crowns, and conservative retainers. Full coverage crowns provide maximum retention but require extensive tooth preparation. Partial coverage crowns are more conservative but less retentive. Conservative retainers like resin-bonded FPDs require minimal preparation but do not accept heavy loads. The document outlines the characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and indications for different retainer options.
The document discusses five factors that affect occlusal balance: condylar inclination, occlusal plane inclination, incisal guidance, cuspal inclination, and compensating curve. It explains that maintaining a balanced occlusion requires balancing these factors using Theilman's formula. If one factor such as incisal guidance is increased, another such as the compensating curve must also be increased to prevent posterior disclusion. Minimizing incisal guidance in complete dentures can help minimize imbalanced tipping forces.
An impression is required to fabricate a fixed dental prosthesis. It must include the prepared teeth as well as surrounding structures. Various impression materials and techniques have been developed over time. Today, alginate, polyether, addition silicone and polyvinyl siloxane are commonly used. Proper tray selection and customization is important to obtain an accurate impression. Impression making requires isolation, tissue retraction and meticulous technique to ensure detail and avoid imperfections.
Abutment & Its Selection In Fixed Partial DentureSelf employed
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting abutment teeth for fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It defines an abutment tooth and outlines how to assess potential abutments, including taking radiographs and evaluating crown morphology, root configuration, crown-to-root ratio, and other anatomical features. Good abutment teeth are vital with adequate bone and root support and crown structure to withstand forces from the FPD. Location, occlusion, tooth structure and root health must be optimized for successful force distribution from the prosthesis.
This document discusses tooth preparation for class II amalgam restorations. It defines a class II restoration as being on the proximal surfaces of premolars and molars. It describes the initial tooth preparation which includes outlining the cavity form and removing undermined enamel. Secondary features are then discussed like axial walls, gingival seats, proximal boxes, and line/point angles. Modifications like reverse curves and dovetails are covered. Finally, it discusses secondary retention forms such as locks, grooves, slots, and pins to improve bonding of the amalgam restoration. Pulp protection with liners or bases is also an important part of the preparation.
This document provides definitions and classifications of direct retainers used in removable partial dentures. It discusses the basic parts of a clasp assembly including the rest, body, shoulder, retentive arm, and terminal. It covers principles of clasp design including retention, support, stability, encirclement and passivity. Factors affecting retention such as clasp type, flexibility, length, diameter, taper, curvature and material are explained. The location of the retentive terminal in the undercut is also an important factor for retention.
DR. SWARNEET KAKPURE (DEPT OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS)
THE TOPIC PRESENTED IN SEMINAR COVERS ALMOST ALL THE ASPECTS OF COMPLEX AMALGAM RESTORATIONS INCLUDING PIN RETAINED,SLOT RETAINED AMALGAM RESTORATIONS,CEMENTED,FRICTION LOCKED & SELF THREADING PINS, TMS SYSTEM,AMALGAM FOUNDATIONS ALONG WITH TECHNIQUES OF INSERTION AND MATRIX PLACEMENT.
This document discusses the process of a complete denture try-in. It begins by defining complete denture prosthetics and try-in. It then outlines the steps to check the mandibular denture alone, including the peripheral outline, stability, tongue space, and occlusal plane height. It describes similarly checking the maxillary denture alone and then both dentures together, evaluating the occlusion, vertical height, even occlusal pressure, and appearance. The goal of the try-in is to evaluate and adjust the dentures before processing to ensure proper fit and function.
The document discusses endodontic access cavity preparation. It defines access cavity preparation as creating an unobstructed opening to reach canal orifices and the apical foramen. There are principles for proper access, including establishing the correct outline form based on internal anatomy, providing direct access to canals and accommodation for instrumentation. Guidelines are provided for access preparation of different tooth types. Common errors include failing to identify all caries, establish proper access, or recognize tooth angulation. Proper access is the foundation for successful root canal treatment.
1. Classification of jaw relations establishes orientation, vertical, and horizontal relations between the jaws. Orientation defines cranial references, vertical defines jaw separation, and horizontal defines front-back and side-to-side jaw positions.
2. Centric relation is a repeatable reference position important for recording jaw relations and developing occlusion. It is the starting point for mandibular movements and where opposing teeth contact without proprioceptive guidance.
3. Methods for recording centric relation include interocclusal records, graphic tracings, and functional methods to position the mandible at the correct vertical dimension. The record must be made with equal pressure and avoid distortion until casts are mounted.
Gingival finish lines in fixed prosthodonticsNAMITHA ANAND
This document discusses different finish line designs used in fixed prosthodontics. It defines a finish line as the junction between prepared and unprepared tooth structure. Common finish line locations are subgingival, equigingival, and supragingival. Common designs include chamfer, shoulder, bevelled shoulder, and knife edge. A chamfer is the preferred design as it provides greater angulation than knife edge but less width than shoulder. Placement depends on factors like esthetics, plaque control, and periodontal health. Subgingival margins are not recommended but may be used when esthetics require. Equigingival placement at the gingival crest is optimal when possible.
1. Access cavity preparation is the first and most important phase of root canal treatment, with the goals of achieving straight line access to the apical foramen, locating all root canal orifices, and conserving sound tooth structure.
2. The principles of access cavity preparation include establishing an outline form based on pulp chamber size and shape and the number/direction of root canals, providing a convenience form for improved visibility and instrumentation, and removing caries/defective restorations and debris from the pulp chamber.
3. Key steps in access cavity preparation depend on the specific tooth but involve using burs and instruments to locate and prepare access to all root canal orifices while avoiding errors like
The sandwich technique involves using two restorative materials bonded together to restore a tooth. There are open and closed techniques, with the open technique exposing the underlying material to the mouth. Common materials used are glass ionomer cement or flowable composite as the underlying liner layer, which bonds to tooth structure and the overlying composite. It provides benefits like increased retention, fluoride release to prevent decay, and stress absorption. The technique is indicated for lesions with non-enamel margins or class II composites involving the gingival area. It involves conditioning, placing the liner, etching, bonding, and incrementally placing the overlying composite.
this presentation has all the techniques in impression making in the fabrication of an RPD.
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
The document discusses the role and development of dentine bonding agents. It describes the challenges of bonding to dentine due to its structure and composition compared to enamel. Various generations of bonding agents are classified, from early phosphoric acid-based systems to modern multi-step etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives. Conditioning of the dentine surface and the role of priming agents are explained. Factors affecting the bonding process such as smear layer removal and acid etching duration are also covered.
This document provides guidelines for selecting teeth for complete dentures. It discusses selecting anterior teeth based on size, form, and shade to match the patient's facial features and complexion. Posterior tooth selection considers shade, size, number, and form, prioritizing function over aesthetics. Tooth forms can be anatomic, semi-anatomic, or non-anatomic based on the patient's jaw ridge relationship and health conditions. Proper tooth selection is important for denture stability and masticatory function.
MARGINAL INTEGRITY,CIRCUMFERENTIAL TIE AND FINISH LINES.pptxGokulVenugopal14
The document discusses various principles related to tooth preparation for restorations. It describes different types of finish lines including chamfer, shoulder, knife edge and their advantages. It emphasizes the importance of marginal integrity and adaptation between the restoration and tooth structure. Ideal margin placement considers preservation of tooth structure and periodontium. Margin geometry and configuration can affect stresses on the tooth-restoration interface.
This document provides an overview of working length determination in endodontics. It discusses the historical perspectives on working length, important definitions like working length and anatomical structures at the root apex. Methods of determining working length are also covered, including both radiographic and non-radiographic techniques. Factors that influence working length like root canal anatomy and methods to prevent loss of working length are described. The importance of accurately determining working length for treatment success is emphasized.
The document discusses overdentures, which are removable partial or complete dentures that cover and rest on one or more remaining natural teeth, tooth roots, or dental implants. Key points include:
- Retaining natural teeth can preserve alveolar bone and periodontal receptors important for function.
- Abutment teeth are prepared with short copings or left uncovered, and attachments may be added to improve retention.
- Overdentures can improve retention, stability, support and proprioception compared to conventional dentures.
- Proper case selection and maintenance are important for long term success.
This document provides information on impression making for complete dentures. It begins with an introduction on impression making being an art that requires skill and knowledge of oral anatomy. It then covers the history, definitions, theories, objectives, related anatomy, materials and techniques for preliminary and final impressions. The key steps discussed are preliminary examination, selection of tray and material, making the preliminary impression, border molding, and making the final impression. The goals of impression making are to preserve ridges, provide support, retention, stability, and aesthetics.
This document discusses different types of retainers used for fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It describes various retainer options including full coverage crowns, partial coverage crowns, and conservative retainers. Full coverage crowns provide maximum retention but require extensive tooth preparation. Partial coverage crowns are more conservative but less retentive. Conservative retainers like resin-bonded FPDs require minimal preparation but do not accept heavy loads. The document outlines the characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and indications for different retainer options.
The document discusses five factors that affect occlusal balance: condylar inclination, occlusal plane inclination, incisal guidance, cuspal inclination, and compensating curve. It explains that maintaining a balanced occlusion requires balancing these factors using Theilman's formula. If one factor such as incisal guidance is increased, another such as the compensating curve must also be increased to prevent posterior disclusion. Minimizing incisal guidance in complete dentures can help minimize imbalanced tipping forces.
An impression is required to fabricate a fixed dental prosthesis. It must include the prepared teeth as well as surrounding structures. Various impression materials and techniques have been developed over time. Today, alginate, polyether, addition silicone and polyvinyl siloxane are commonly used. Proper tray selection and customization is important to obtain an accurate impression. Impression making requires isolation, tissue retraction and meticulous technique to ensure detail and avoid imperfections.
Abutment & Its Selection In Fixed Partial DentureSelf employed
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting abutment teeth for fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It defines an abutment tooth and outlines how to assess potential abutments, including taking radiographs and evaluating crown morphology, root configuration, crown-to-root ratio, and other anatomical features. Good abutment teeth are vital with adequate bone and root support and crown structure to withstand forces from the FPD. Location, occlusion, tooth structure and root health must be optimized for successful force distribution from the prosthesis.
This document discusses tooth preparation for class II amalgam restorations. It defines a class II restoration as being on the proximal surfaces of premolars and molars. It describes the initial tooth preparation which includes outlining the cavity form and removing undermined enamel. Secondary features are then discussed like axial walls, gingival seats, proximal boxes, and line/point angles. Modifications like reverse curves and dovetails are covered. Finally, it discusses secondary retention forms such as locks, grooves, slots, and pins to improve bonding of the amalgam restoration. Pulp protection with liners or bases is also an important part of the preparation.
This document provides definitions and classifications of direct retainers used in removable partial dentures. It discusses the basic parts of a clasp assembly including the rest, body, shoulder, retentive arm, and terminal. It covers principles of clasp design including retention, support, stability, encirclement and passivity. Factors affecting retention such as clasp type, flexibility, length, diameter, taper, curvature and material are explained. The location of the retentive terminal in the undercut is also an important factor for retention.
DR. SWARNEET KAKPURE (DEPT OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS)
THE TOPIC PRESENTED IN SEMINAR COVERS ALMOST ALL THE ASPECTS OF COMPLEX AMALGAM RESTORATIONS INCLUDING PIN RETAINED,SLOT RETAINED AMALGAM RESTORATIONS,CEMENTED,FRICTION LOCKED & SELF THREADING PINS, TMS SYSTEM,AMALGAM FOUNDATIONS ALONG WITH TECHNIQUES OF INSERTION AND MATRIX PLACEMENT.
This document discusses the process of a complete denture try-in. It begins by defining complete denture prosthetics and try-in. It then outlines the steps to check the mandibular denture alone, including the peripheral outline, stability, tongue space, and occlusal plane height. It describes similarly checking the maxillary denture alone and then both dentures together, evaluating the occlusion, vertical height, even occlusal pressure, and appearance. The goal of the try-in is to evaluate and adjust the dentures before processing to ensure proper fit and function.
The document discusses endodontic access cavity preparation. It defines access cavity preparation as creating an unobstructed opening to reach canal orifices and the apical foramen. There are principles for proper access, including establishing the correct outline form based on internal anatomy, providing direct access to canals and accommodation for instrumentation. Guidelines are provided for access preparation of different tooth types. Common errors include failing to identify all caries, establish proper access, or recognize tooth angulation. Proper access is the foundation for successful root canal treatment.
1. Classification of jaw relations establishes orientation, vertical, and horizontal relations between the jaws. Orientation defines cranial references, vertical defines jaw separation, and horizontal defines front-back and side-to-side jaw positions.
2. Centric relation is a repeatable reference position important for recording jaw relations and developing occlusion. It is the starting point for mandibular movements and where opposing teeth contact without proprioceptive guidance.
3. Methods for recording centric relation include interocclusal records, graphic tracings, and functional methods to position the mandible at the correct vertical dimension. The record must be made with equal pressure and avoid distortion until casts are mounted.
Gingival finish lines in fixed prosthodonticsNAMITHA ANAND
This document discusses different finish line designs used in fixed prosthodontics. It defines a finish line as the junction between prepared and unprepared tooth structure. Common finish line locations are subgingival, equigingival, and supragingival. Common designs include chamfer, shoulder, bevelled shoulder, and knife edge. A chamfer is the preferred design as it provides greater angulation than knife edge but less width than shoulder. Placement depends on factors like esthetics, plaque control, and periodontal health. Subgingival margins are not recommended but may be used when esthetics require. Equigingival placement at the gingival crest is optimal when possible.
1. Access cavity preparation is the first and most important phase of root canal treatment, with the goals of achieving straight line access to the apical foramen, locating all root canal orifices, and conserving sound tooth structure.
2. The principles of access cavity preparation include establishing an outline form based on pulp chamber size and shape and the number/direction of root canals, providing a convenience form for improved visibility and instrumentation, and removing caries/defective restorations and debris from the pulp chamber.
3. Key steps in access cavity preparation depend on the specific tooth but involve using burs and instruments to locate and prepare access to all root canal orifices while avoiding errors like
The sandwich technique involves using two restorative materials bonded together to restore a tooth. There are open and closed techniques, with the open technique exposing the underlying material to the mouth. Common materials used are glass ionomer cement or flowable composite as the underlying liner layer, which bonds to tooth structure and the overlying composite. It provides benefits like increased retention, fluoride release to prevent decay, and stress absorption. The technique is indicated for lesions with non-enamel margins or class II composites involving the gingival area. It involves conditioning, placing the liner, etching, bonding, and incrementally placing the overlying composite.
this presentation has all the techniques in impression making in the fabrication of an RPD.
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
The document discusses the role and development of dentine bonding agents. It describes the challenges of bonding to dentine due to its structure and composition compared to enamel. Various generations of bonding agents are classified, from early phosphoric acid-based systems to modern multi-step etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives. Conditioning of the dentine surface and the role of priming agents are explained. Factors affecting the bonding process such as smear layer removal and acid etching duration are also covered.
This document provides guidelines for selecting teeth for complete dentures. It discusses selecting anterior teeth based on size, form, and shade to match the patient's facial features and complexion. Posterior tooth selection considers shade, size, number, and form, prioritizing function over aesthetics. Tooth forms can be anatomic, semi-anatomic, or non-anatomic based on the patient's jaw ridge relationship and health conditions. Proper tooth selection is important for denture stability and masticatory function.
MARGINAL INTEGRITY,CIRCUMFERENTIAL TIE AND FINISH LINES.pptxGokulVenugopal14
The document discusses various principles related to tooth preparation for restorations. It describes different types of finish lines including chamfer, shoulder, knife edge and their advantages. It emphasizes the importance of marginal integrity and adaptation between the restoration and tooth structure. Ideal margin placement considers preservation of tooth structure and periodontium. Margin geometry and configuration can affect stresses on the tooth-restoration interface.
This document provides an overview of working length determination in endodontics. It discusses the historical perspectives on working length, important definitions like working length and anatomical structures at the root apex. Methods of determining working length are also covered, including both radiographic and non-radiographic techniques. Factors that influence working length like root canal anatomy and methods to prevent loss of working length are described. The importance of accurately determining working length for treatment success is emphasized.
The document discusses the principles of tooth preparation for full veneer crowns, including preservation of tooth structure, retention, resistance, structural durability, and marginal integrity. It describes how to prepare teeth for full metal crowns, including occlusal reduction for clearance, functional cusp beveling, axial wall reduction, and finishing with various burs and diamonds. The goal is to provide adequate bulk and strength for the restoration while maximizing preservation of tooth structure and periodontal health.
Biomechanical Principles of Tooth Preparation in FPD.pptPoojaN84
This document discusses biomechanical principles of tooth preparation for fixed prosthodontics. It covers objectives of tooth preparation including retention form, resistance form, and conservation of tooth structure. Specific guidelines are provided for taper, margin placement, and occlusal and axial reduction. Factors that influence retention such as surface area, taper, and luting agents are explained. Resistance form is also discussed and is influenced by factors like tooth width and path of insertion. The importance of following biomechanical principles and providing the necessary tooth reduction is emphasized to ensure the clinical success of fixed dental prostheses.
This document discusses stainless steel crowns, which are semi-permanent restorations used in primary and young permanent teeth. It describes the history, types, indications, advantages, disadvantages, composition, placement procedure, modifications, and complications of stainless steel crowns. Stainless steel crowns provide full tooth coverage and are effective for restoring extensively decayed or malformed primary teeth. They are durable, economical restorations that can improve function and aesthetics for young patients.
The document discusses cervical margin design for metal-ceramic and all-ceramic crowns. It notes that proper preparation and placement of the cervical margin is essential for success. Ideal margins provide marginal integrity, minimize plaque accumulation, and meet esthetic demands. For metal-ceramic crowns, shoulder and shoulder-bevel margins provide optimal fit and allow polishing of the metal collar. Shoulder margins with porcelain facial margins are best for esthetics. All-ceramic crowns work best with rounded shoulder margins 1.2-1.5mm wide placed at the cementoenamel junction. Margin selection depends on restoring function, esthetics and preventing biologic width violation or inflammation.
Flares in dental crown preparation /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document provides an overview of cast metal restorations, specifically class II inlay cavity preparation. It discusses the introduction of inlays in dentistry, materials used for cast metal restorations, definitions, indications and contraindications. It also covers principles of cavity preparation, types of bevels and flares, tooth preparation for class II inlay cavities, and modifications that can be made.
This document discusses the principles of tooth preparation for dental restorations. It defines key terms like retention, resistance, and preservation of tooth structure. It describes how to design preparations to maximize these factors, such as using taper, grooves/boxes, and path of insertion. Margin placement and integrity are also covered, emphasizing supragingival margins. The document provides guidelines for occlusal reduction, functional cusp bevels, and axial wall reduction to ensure structural durability of restorations.
Flares /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
ROTARY ENDODONTICS IN PRIMARY TEETH.pptxDrSaritaDas
The document discusses rotary endodontics in primary teeth. It provides background on the history of rotary endodontic instruments from the 1800s to modern developments in nickel titanium alloys. Various rotary systems that have been used for root canals in primary teeth are described, including Profile, ProTaper, Mtwo, FlexMaster, Light Speed LSX, Hero 642, and Kedo-S. For each system, typical protocols and findings from studies using the system in primary teeth are summarized. The document concludes that various modified rotary techniques have been found to be successful and provide benefits over manual instrumentation for root canals in primary teeth.
This document provides information on band and loop space maintainers. It begins by introducing space maintainers and their objectives in maintaining arch integrity and guiding eruption of permanent teeth. It then discusses different types of space maintainers, including removable, fixed, functional and non-functional varieties. Specific appliances like band and loop, lingual arch, and distal shoe are explained. The document outlines the indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages of band and loop space maintainers. It provides details on the materials and instrumentation used in fabricating band and loop space maintainers. Overall, the document serves as an overview of band and loop space maintainers, their classification, objectives, considerations and fabrication.
The document discusses principles of tooth preparation for restorations. It covers preserving tooth structure, providing retention and resistance form, maintaining structural durability of the restoration, achieving integrity at the margins, and preserving the surrounding periodontium. Specific techniques are described such as beveling functional cusps to allow for adequate bulk of restorative material and withstanding forces of occlusion. Margin types like chamfer, shoulder, and knife edge finishes are also outlined.
The document discusses various aspects of clasp design for removable partial dentures. It begins by defining what a clasp is and describing different clasp classifications such as occlusally approaching and gingivally approaching clasps. It then examines specific clasp designs like circumferential, bar/Roach type, and combination clasps. The document outlines the functional requirements of clasps, including retention, support, stability, and reciprocation. It also reviews several statements about clasp design, discussing whether prosthodontic experts agree or disagree with them based on clinical factors.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides guidelines for tooth preparation for posterior metal-ceramic crowns and fixed partial dentures. It discusses key decisions including finish line form, margin design, total occlusal convergence, reduction amounts, and potential need for auxiliary resistance features. Ideal total occlusal convergence is 10-20 degrees. Facial reduction of 0.8-1.0mm is recommended, with potential need for less on small teeth. At least 2.0mm of occlusal clearance is needed for porcelain-veneered surfaces. Guidelines aim to provide adequate space for ceramics while conserving tooth structure.
Finish lines/cosmetic dentistry course by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The document categorizes and lists different types of drugs based on their pharmacological classification and mode of action. It discusses drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system, autacoids and related drugs, drugs for respiratory disorders, hormones and related drugs, drugs acting on the peripheral and central nervous system, cardiovascular drugs, drugs acting on the kidney and blood, gastrointestinal drugs, antibacterial drugs, antifungal/antiviral/antiprotozoal/anthelmintic drugs, anticancer drugs, and miscellaneous drugs. The document provides a broad overview of pharmacological drug categories.
CEMENTATION OF INLAY AND VARIOUS TECHNIQUE FOR TEMPORIZATIONms khatib
A provisional or temporary restoration is necessary when using indirect systems that require two appointments. it is important that the patient be comfortable and the tooth be protected and stabilized with an adequate temporary restoration. The temporary restoration should satisfy the following requirements: it should -
When properly made, the custom temporary restoration can satisfy these requirements and is the preferred temporary restoration.
Temporaries can be fabricated intraorally directly on the prepared teeth (direct technique) or outside of the mouth using a post-operative cast of the prepared teeth (indirect technique).
The indirect technique is not as popular as the direct technique because of the increased number of steps and complexity ; however, it is useful when making temporaries that might become “locked on” (e.g., intracoronal inlays) when using the direct technique
Investment materials developed in the first half of the twentieth century, to give clinically acceptable dental castings. But
Wrongly, many assume that dental casting investment materials have reached a level of development that makes them completely fit for purpose and that the technology is stable.
This is not the case. Casting titanium and it’s requirement for increased precision have given new challenges
Silica exists in 22 different condensed phases. Five of these are amorphous, and 17 are crystalline; the latter are the polymorphs of silica.
Of this group, only one phase, low-temperature quartz, is thermodynamically stable at normal temperature and pressure. Two more, tridymite and low-temperature cristobalite, exist under normal atmospheric conditions as metastable (but actually long-lived) phases
In the investment powder, the binder is calcium sulfate hemihydrate. When the investment sets, the silica is unaffected; the hemihydrate binder combines with water to form dihydrate (gypsum).The set investment consists of fine particles of silica embedded in gypsum crystals.
When this material is heated to the temperatures required for complete dehydration and sufficiently high to ensure complete castings, it shrinks
considerably and occasionally fractures.
The thermal expansion curves of the three common forms of gypsum products are shown in Figure. All forms shrink considerably after dehydration between 200" C and 400" C . A slight expansion takes place between 400" C and approximately 700, and a large contraction then occurs This shrinkage is most likely caused by decomposition and the release of sulfur gases, such as sulfur dioxide. This decomposition not only causes shrinkage but also contaminates the castings with the sulfides of the non-noble alloying elements, such as silver and copper.
Thus it is imperative that gypsum investments not be heated above 700" C (1292" F). However, for gypsum products containing carbon, the maximum temperature should be 650" C (1202" F). In this way, proper fit and uncontaminated alloys are obtained.
vertical root fracture and it's management .....ms khatib
Impossible is just a word used by people who are unwilling to change things. Impossible is an opinion, not a fact, and is a challenge rather than a declaration. Impossible is only temporary and represents potential and opportunity. Impossible means nothing.
crossbite management in restorative dentistryms khatib
This document discusses the management of anterior and posterior crossbites. It emphasizes the importance of a thorough analysis prior to any treatment, including evaluating the tooth-to-tooth relationships in centric relation and the impact of changing vertical dimension. For anterior crossbites, conservative approaches like occlusal equilibration, orthodontics, and restorations are preferred but orthognathic surgery may be needed for skeletal discrepancies. Posterior crossbites should also be thoroughly analyzed before correction, ensuring the teeth can disclude properly and are harmonious with surrounding structures. The goal of any treatment is to establish a stable, functional and comfortable occlusion.
The document discusses methods for determining root canal working length without using radiographs. It describes digital tactile sense, where the practitioner feels for the apex, and the paper point method, where a paper point is inserted until resistance is felt. It also discusses the history and generations of electronic apex locators, including how they work and studies evaluating their accuracy. Third and fourth generation devices using multiple frequencies are highlighted as more accurate than previous models.
To sum up, the risk/benefit ratio should be always weighed before prescribing antibiotics.
Appropriately selected patients will benefit from systemically administered antibiotics.
A restrictive and conservative use of antibiotics is highly recommended in endodontic practice, but indiscriminate use is contrary to sound clinical practice
Future generations will thank us for today’s conscientious and judicious use of antibiotics
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptxOH TEIK BIN
(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Finish lines (3) final
1. 1
MOHD.SIBGHATULLAH KHATIB
1ST PG STUDENT
GOOD MORNING
SUCCESS is not just a measure of how big
you can DREAM…
It is also a measure of how much you can
DO
4. • One of the basic tenets of restorative dentistry is to conserve
as much tooth structure as possible consistent with the
mechanical and esthetic principles of tooth preparation.
4
Introduction
Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics 3rd edition
5. Introduction
• Restoration can survive in the biologic environment of
the oral cavity only if the margins are closely adapted to
the finish line of the preparation
5
Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics 3rd edition
6. According to Schwartz
• Refers to the border of the preparation where the prepared
tooth structure meets the unprepared surface of the tooth.
According to Rosenstiel
1. A line of demarcation
2. The peripheral extension of a tooth preparation
3. The planned junction of different materials
4. The terminal portion of the prepared tooth.
6
Definition
7. Principles of tooth preparation
1. Preservation of tooth structure
2. Retention and resistance
3. Structural durability – Marginal geometry
4. Marginal integrity – Marginal adaptation
5. Preservation of the periodontium – Margin placement
7
Herbert T. Shillingburg 3rd edition
8. Preservation of tooth structure
• Avoide excessive destruction
• Design restoration to reinforce and protect remaining
enamel and dentin
8
Herbert T. Shillingburg 3rd edition
9. Retention & Resistance
• Retention prevents removal of the restoration along
the path of insertion or long axis .
• Resistance prevents dislodgement of the restoration
by an apical/oblique forces
9
Herbert T. Shillingburg 3rd edition
13. Marginal integrity
• Margins of restoration must be closely adapted to finish line
of preparation
• Configuration of the preparation finish line dictates the shape
of restorative material in the margin of the restoration
13
To bevel….. ….Not to bevel
Herbert T. Shillingburg 3rd edition
14. Finish line in extracoronal restoration
Chamfer
Heavy chamfer
Shoulder
Sloping shoulder
Radial shoulder
Shoulder with bevel
Knife edge/ Feather edge
Chisel edge
14
Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics 3rd edition
15. Extracoronal restorations - Finish line configurations
• Finish line classification according to width
Marginal width less than 0.3mm - Knife-edge/ feather edge
Marginal width upto 0.3mm – Chamfer
Marginal width greater than 0.3mm - Shoulder
15
A.J. Hunter JPD 1990;64
16. Chamfer
• GPT- A Finish line design for tooth preparation in
which the gingival aspect meets the external axial
surface at an obtuse angle.
• TYLMANN (1965): Concave extra coronal finish
line that provides greater angulation than a knife-edge
and less width than a shoulder.
16
17. 17
Advantage Disadvantage Indication
•Distinct margin
•Adequate bulk
•Easier control
•Care needed to avoid
unsupported lip of
enamel
•Cast metal
restoration
•Lingual margin of
metal ceramic
Bur
Round end taper Round end taper
18. Heavy chamfer
Provides 90 degrees cavosurface angle with a large
radius rounded internal angle.
A bevel can be added to the heavy chamfer for use with
metal restoation.
18
Herbert T. Shillingburg 3rd edition
19. 19
Round end taper
Bur
Advantage Disadvantage Indication
•Better support for a
ceramic crown
•Unskilled operator
can create an
undesirable fragile
“lip” of enamel at
cavosurface
•Ceramic crown
•With bevel metal
crown
20. Finish line of choice for all-ceramic crown
Wide ledge provides resistance to occlusal forces
Produce the space for healthy restoration contours and
maximum esthtetic
20
Shoulder
Herbert T. Shillingburg 3rd edition
21. 21
•Advantage •Disadvantage •Indication
•Bulk of restorative
material
•Less conservative of
tooth structure
•Stress concentration
at 90 degree internal
angle of the finish
line, hence conducive
to coronal fracture
•Facial magin of
metal ceramic crowns
•Complete ceramic
crown
Flat end taper
Bur
22. Modification of shoulder finish line
Support for ceramic restoration is good
22
Herbert T. Shillingburg 3rd edition
Radial shoulder
•Advantage •Disadvantage •Indication
•Stress concentration
lesser than the classic
shoulder
•Less conservative of
tooth structure
•Facial magin of metal
ceramic crowns
•Complete ceramic
crown
23. 23
Flat end taper End cutting carbide
finishing bur
Modified bine-angle
chisel
Bur
24. 24
Herbert T. Shillingburg 3rd edition
Shoulder with bevel
•Advantage •Disadvantage •Indication
•Bulk of material •Less conservative,
extend peraparation
apically
•Facial magin of
posterior metal
ceramic crowns with
supragingival margin
Uses –
• Gingival finish line on the proximal box of inlays and onlays
• Occlusal shoulder of onlays and mandibular three-quarter crowns
• Finish line for extremely short walls
• More destruction of tooth - NOT USED routinely for full veneer
restorations
25. A 120-degree sloped shoulder margin used as an alternative to the
90-degree shoulder for the facial margin of a metal-ceramic crown.
Reduces the possibility of leaving unsupported enamel
Provides sufficient bulk to allow thinning of the metal framework
to a knife-edge for acceptable esthetics.
25
Sloping shoulder
•Advantage •Disadvantage •Indication
•Bulk of material •Less conservative of
tooth sturcture
•Facial magin of metal
ceramic crowns
Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics 3rd edition
26. The ultimate finish line that permit an acute margin
of metal
Uses –
• Lingual surface of mandibular posteroior teeth
• Very convex axial surfaces
• Surface towards which tooth is tilted
Disadvantage –
• Axial reduction may fade out
• Thin margins difficult to wax and cast
• Overcontoured restorations
26
Herbert T. Shillingburg 3rd edition
Knife edge/ Feather edge
27. Chisel edge
• A variation of the featheredge,
• Formed when there is a larger angle between
the axial surfaces and the unprepared tooth
structure.
• Associated with an excessively tapered
preparation
27
Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics 3rd edition
28. 28
A. Featheredge, B. Chisel, C. Chamfer, D. Bevel, E. Shoulder, F. Sloped Shoulder, G. Beveled
shoulder Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics 3rd edition
29. • Shoulder margins provide good seat but a
comparatively wider marginal seal
• Chamfer, long chamfer and feather edge margin
provide superior sealing of the margins despite poor
seat.
30
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2015 Aug, Vol-9(8 )
30. • Both ZZ and E copings presented better marginal fit on
shoulder preparations than chamfer preparations.
31
European Journal of Dentistry April 2012 - Vol.6
31. Preservation of the periodontium
• Margins as smooth as possible
• Kept clean by the patient
• Supragingival placement of finish lines whenever
possible!
• Subgingival finish lines 2.0 mm from alveolar crest
32
Herbert T. Shillingburg 3rd edition
32. • The biologic width is defined as the dimension of the soft
tissue, which is attached to the portion of the tooth coronal
to the crest of the alveolar bone
• Biologic width (EA + CTA) dimensions -
– Anterior teeth 1.75mm
– Premolars 1.97mm
– Molars 2.08mm 33
Biologic width
J Clin Periodontol 2003; 30: 379–385
33. 35
Margin placement
Supragingival margin Equigingival margins Subgingival margin
Placed in non-esthetic
area
At the crest of the
marginal gingiva
Below the gingiva
Least impact on
periodontium
More impact on the
periodontium
Greatest biologic risk
More plaque retentive May violate gingival
attachment apparatus
34. Margin placement guidelines
36
If the sulcus probes 1.5mm or less, place the
margin 0.5mm below the gingival crest
If probing depth more than 1.5mm – place the
margin half the depth of the sulcus below the
crest
If probing depth more than 2.0 mm –
Gingivectomy is advocated
Indian Journal of Clinical Practice, Vol. 23, No. 11, April 2013
35. 37
Orkin et al
Silness
Indian Journal of Clinical Practice, Vol. 23, No. 11, April 2013
Subgingival restorations
Bleeding
Gingival recession
Supragingival position of the crown margin
Margins below the gingival margin
46. According to sturdavent
– PLV can be classified into
1. Partial veneers
2. Full veneers
a) Window preparation
b) Incisal lapping
48
47. Windows Feather Bevel Incisal overlap
Four basic preparation designs for the incisal edge
reduction.........
Incisal edge reduction
Walls et al. Crowns and other extra-coronal restorations: Porcelain laminate veneers :British
dental journal 2002;193 : 2:73-81
48. Cervical finish line
Long chamfer with about a 0.4 mm maximum depth.
• Proximal finish line
– Incisal third of the tooth - not to extend beyond the
contact point
50Walls et al. Crowns and other extra-coronal restorations: Porcelain laminate veneers :British
dental journal 2002;193 : 2:73-81
51. Noy’s criteria
53
1. Enamel must be supported by sound dentin
2. The enamel rod which form the cavosurface angle must
have their inner end resting on sound dentin
3. Enamel rods forming cavosurface angle should be
covered with restorative material
4. Angular cavosurface angles should be trimmed
M.A Marzouk
53. Bevels
Plane of a cavity wall/ floor directed away from
the cavity preparation
Any angle other than 90o between a tooth cut and
a cavity wall in the preparation of the tooth cavity
55
55. Partial bevel
• Not more than two third the thickness of enamel
• Used to trim weak enamel rods at the margins
Short bevel
• Entire enamel wall but not dentin
• Used for class I alloys – type I and II alloys
Long bevel
• Entire enamel+1/2 of dentinal wall
• Used for first three classes of cast alloys
• Preserves internal box form of resistance and
retention feature
Full bevel
• Entire enamel and dentin
• Resistance and retention form hampered
• All classes of cast alloys 57
56. Hollow ground (concave) bevel
• Concave form
• For base metal alloys and castable ceramics
• Improves castability
• Provides bulk
Counter bevel
• Cusp capping
• Opposite to axial cavity wall on facial
or lingual surfaces
58
59. Margins in Direct tooth coloured
restorations
• General concepts
1. Minimal extension
2. Pulpal and/or axial walls of varying depth
3. Enamel bevel
4. Butt joint on root surfaces
5. Tooth preparation walls must be rough
61
60. Direct tooth coloured restoration
• Five designs of tooth preparations for composite
restorations are..........
1. Conventional
• Similar to amalgam cavity preparation designs
2. Beveled conventional
• Similar to conventional but bevels given
3. Modified
• Scooped out design
4. Box only
• Proximal caries
5. Slot preparation designs.
62
63. Anterior composite restorations
According to Albers
• Class IV cavity preparations
– Chamfer design
– Bevelled margins
1. Chamfer design
– 1mm long or half the length of fracture
– Most durable restorative margins
– Stair stepping – better esthetics
65
64. Anterior composite restorations
• Bevelled margins
– Alternative to stair step chamfer
– 2-3mm bevel
– Better esthetics
– Bevels in a curve better than scalloped margins
– Drawback
• Margins not as durable as chamfer
• Chipping
66
68. • Internal bevel at the cervical cavosurface of class
2 composite restoration reduced marginal
microleakge as compared to conventional butt
joint
70
JIOH, October 2010, Volume 2 (Issue 3)
69. Margins in direct gold restoration
71
• Cavosurface margin bevel –
Partial bevel
Width – not more than 0.2mm
30-40 degrees metal margin
Gingival margin bevelled if on enamel
Should include atleast 1/4th enamel wall
Wedelstaedt chisel used
• Allows coverage of the enamel margin with the
restorative material
72. 74
AdvantageIndication
•Large restoration
•Endodontically treated
teeth
•Teeth at risk for fracture
•Removable
prosthodontic abutment
•Strength
•Biocompatibility
•Low wear
•Control of contour and
contact
Contraindication
•High caries rate
•Young patient
•Esthetics
•Small restoration
Disadvantage
•Number of appointment
•Temoprary
•Cost
•Technquie sensitive
•Splitting force
73. Cast metal inlay
• It is as intracoronal cast restoration replacing one
or more, but not all of the cusps fabricated
extrorally using direct or indirect wax pattern.
75
76. • Basic part of circumferential tie
• Similar to long bevel
• Angulations of 45 degrees to inner dentinal wall
Flare
78
Primary
77. • Function -
Same as bevels
Brings facial and lingual margins to self –
cleansable areas
• Indication -
Normal contacts
Minimum extension of caries in the
buccolingual dimension
79
78. • Flat plane superimposed peripherally to a
primary flare
• Prepared solely in enamel, sometimes includes
dentin
• No definite angulation – depends on
involvement and extent
• 40 degrees marginal metal and 140 degrees
marginal enamel desirable
80
Flare
Secondary
79. Indications
Indirect wax pattern
Broad contact areas
Wide extension of caries buccolingually
Overcome undercuts in the cervical aspect of facial and
lingual proximal walls in ovoid teeth
Extends margins into embrasures
Stronger enamel margin produced
40 degree marginal metal
81
Function
80. • Secondary flare omitted in mesiofacial
proximal wall of –
Maxillary premolars
Maxillary molars
• Burs No. 8862/ 169 L / paper discs
82
81. Tooth coloured inlays
• Ceramic and Composite inlays
– Facial, lingual, and gingival margins of the
proximal boxes - clear the adjacent tooth by at
least 0.5 mm
– 90-degree cavosurface margin desired
– Minimal gingival margin extension - margins in
enamel preferred for bonding and impression
84
83. Onlay
• According to sturdavent
– The cast metal onlay by definition caps all of the
cusps of a posterior tooth and can be designed to
help strengthen a tooth that has been weakened by
caries or previous restorative experiences.
86
87. 90
Restoration Finish line
design
Finish Line
dimension
Purpose
Full metal Chamfer, knife-
edge, shoulder
with bevel
0-1mm Marginal integrity,
structural
durability
88. Restoration Finish line
design
Finish Line
dimension
Purpose
Metal ceramic Labially
shoulder,
shoulder with
bevel, sloping
shoulder
Lingually
Chamfer
Labially
1.2mm
Lingually
0.5mm
Removes
unsupported
enamel, structural
durability,
marginal integrity
91
89. 92
Restoration Finish line
design
Finish Line
dimension
Purpose
All ceramic Shoulder,
heavy
chamfer,
rounded
shoulder
0.7 - 1mm Marginal integrity
Structural
durability
Esthetic
93. 96
Restoration Cavosurface margin
design
Margin features Purpose
Anterior
Direct
Composite
Restoration
Conventional – no
bevel
90 degrees
margin
Lesion on
root- no
enamel to
bevel
Bevelled
conventional
(partial , long)
45 degrees
0.25-0.5mm
Increased
surface area
for etching
and bonding
According to Sturdavent
94. 97
Restoration Cavosurface margin
design
Margin features Purpose
Anterior
direct
composite
restoration
Chamfer
1mm or half the
length of defect
Half the depth of
enamel
Durability
Bevelled (scalloped) 2-3mm Esthetics
According to Albers
95. Restoration Cavosurface
margin design
Margin
features
purpose
Occlusal
Butt joint
Bevel (partial,
long)
90 degrees
45-70 degrees
0.25 – 0.5mm
Enamel rod ends
exposed
Conserves tooth
structure
Better sealing
Proximal Long bevel 0.5mm wide
45 degrees
1. Increased surface
area for etching and
bonding
2. Margins placed in
accessible areas
3. Reduced marginal
leakage
98
Posterior direct composite restoration
96. 99
Restoration Cavosurface
margin design
Margin
features
purpose
Gingival
Partial bevel
Butt joint ....
close to CEJ
1/3rd – ½ the
enamel wall
90 degrees
Better sealing
Exposes enamel rod
ends internally
Better sealing than
butt joint
Direct gold
restoration
Partial bevel <0.2mm 30-40 degrees metal
margin
Posterior direct composite restoration
98. 101
Restoration Cavosurface
margin design
Margin features Purpose
Cast metal
inlay
Occlusally –
• partial bevel
• Steep cusp –
no bevel
Width – 1/4th the
depth of respective
wall
140-150 degrees
cavosurface margin
• 30-40 degrees
marginal metal –
burnishible, lap
joint
• Strongest
cavosurface
margin
INDIRECT RESTORATION
99. 102
Restoration Cavosurface
margin design
Margin features purpose
Cast metal
inlay
Gingivally –
• Partial bevel
• Reverse bevel –
sufficient gingival
floor width
Width - 0.5-1mm
150 degrees
cavosurface
margin
• 30-40 degrees
marginal metal –
burnishable
•Minimizes cement
line
• Strongest
cavosurface margin
• Removes
unsupported enamel
•Resistance to
dislodgement against
occlusal forces
INDIRECT RESTORATION
100. 103
Restoration Cavosurface
margin design
Margin features Purpose
Cast metal
inlay
Primary flare 45 degrees to
inner dentinal
wall
similar to long
bevel
30-40 degrees
marginal metal
•Increases retention
•Self-cleansable
areas
Secondary flare Placed entirely in
enamel
sometimes dentin
No particular
angulation
• Acute marginal
metal
• Strong enamel
margins
•Extends margins to
embrasures
INDIRECT RESTORATION
101. 105
Restoration Cavosurface
margin design
Margin features Purpose
Tooth
coloured
inlay
Bevels and
flares – hollow
ground
90 degrees butt
joint
• Material bulk
• Better Resistance
to stresses
Gingival
margin -
hollow ground
Or no bevel –
middle
third/cementum
90 degrees butt
joint
• Removes
unsupported
enamel
• Material bulk
• Better Resistance
to
stresses
INDIRECT RESTORATION
102. Restoration Margin design Margin features purpose
Cast metal
onlay
Counter bevel
Facial and lingual
margin of reduced
cusp
Structural durability,
marginal integrity,
retention, stress
distribution 30-40
degrees marginal
metal
Just gingival to tip
and ridge crests
Flat sometimes
partial bevel given if
unsupported enamel
remains
Increased resistance
and retention
Conservation of tooth
structure
Gingival bevel and
secondary flares
similar to inlay
106
INDIRECT RESTORATION
103. Restoration Margin design Margin features purpose
Tooth
coloured
onlays
Cusp protection –
capping
Exaggerated
hollowground
counterbevel –
occlusal table to
facial termination
of the preparation
Shoulder – 1mm
Increased
retention
Structural
durability
Gingival margins
and proximal
margins – same as
tooth coloured
inlays
107
INDIRECT RESTORATION
104. Conclusion...
• While choosing a configuration of finish line for
extracoronal restoration one must consider the
advantages and disadvantages of various finish
lines
• While deciding about the placement of the finish
line , periodontal health and esthetics have to be
equally weighed
• For the intracoronal restoration, type of
restorative material being used and the enamel
pattern play an important role
108
105. Conclusion...
• For the restorative materials with low tensile
strength like amalgam and ceramics, butt joint
is preferred
• Bevels and flares are used for metals because
of their property of burnishability
• Angle and width of bevels and flares also
require careful placement
109
106. Conclusion...
“We shall neither fail nor falter , we shall not
weaken or tire, give us the tools and we will
finish the job”
- Winston Churchill
• Hence every effort should be made to design
and prepare the marginal peripheries to create
the most favourable relationship with the
restoring casting and luting cement.....
110
107. References
• Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics 3rd edition
• Herbert T. Shillingburg 3rd edition
• A.J. Hunter JPD 1990;64
• Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2015 Aug, Vol-
9(8 )
• European Journal of Dentistry April 2012 - Vol.6
• Indian Journal of Clinical Practice, Vol. 23, No. 11, April 2013
• Walls et al. Crowns and other extra-coronal restorations:
Porcelain laminate veneers :British dental journal 2002;193 :
2:73-81
• Sturdavent 4th edition
• JIOH, October 2010, Volume 2 (Issue 3)
• J Appl Oral Sci. 2012;20(2):174-9 111