The Cell Cycle - Key Concepts

Core Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Keywords ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Cell Cycle Roles of Cell Division ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Cell Cycle Types of cell division ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Cell Cycle Stages of the cell cycle

Important terms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Eukaryotic cell division ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],G 2 OF INTERPHASE PROPHASE PROMETAPHASE Centrosomes (with centriole pairs) Chromatin (duplicated) Early mitotic spindle Aster Centromere Fragments of nuclear envelope Kinetochore Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Plasma membrane Chromosome, consisting of two sister chromatids Kinetochore microtubule Nonkinetochore microtubules

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Centrosome at one spindle pole Daughter chromosomes METAPHASE ANAPHASE TELOPHASE AND CYTOKINESIS Spindle Metaphase plate Nucleolus forming Cleavage furrow Nuclear envelope forming

[object Object],1 Prophase. The chromatin is condensing. The nucleolus is beginning to disappear. Although not yet visible in the micrograph, the mitotic spindle is staring to from. Prometaphase. We now see discrete chromosomes; each consists of two identical sister chromatids. Later in prometaphase, the nuclear envelop will fragment. Metaphase. The spindle is complete, and the chromosomes, attached to microtubules at their kinetochores, are all at the metaphase plate. Anaphase. The chromatids of each chromosome have separated, and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the ends of cell as their kinetochore microtubles shorten. Telophase. Daughter nuclei are forming. Meanwhile, cytokinesis has started: The cell plate, which will divided the cytoplasm in two, is growing toward the perimeter of the parent cell. 2 3 4 5 Nucleus Nucleolus Chromosome Chromatin condensing

Regulation of the Cell Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object]

Factors that control the cell cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Factors that control the cell cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Factors that control the cell cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cancer – uncontrolled cell division ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transformation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Causes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Meiosis Reductional Division for Sexual Reproduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Meiosis in Sexual Life Cycles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Meiosis involves 2 stages of nuclear division ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Meiosis I is reductional cell division

Crossing-over during Prophase I Exchange of segments between homologous pairs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Independent assortment during Metaphase I

Meiosis II is equational cell division

How unique are you? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Gametogenesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Spermatogenesis vs. Oogenesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Spermatogenesis vs. Oogenesis Suspended in prophase I One oocyte / month Halted at metaphase II until fertilization 2N N N

OOGENESIS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Questions: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Questions: ,[object Object],[object Object]

Errors in cell division  chromosomal aberrations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Meiosis I Nondisjunction Meiosis II Nondisjunction Gametes n + 1 n + 1 n  1 n – 1 n + 1 n – 1 n n Number of chromosomes Nondisjunction of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I Nondisjunction of sister chromatids in meiosis II (a) (b)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Cell Cycle - Key Concepts

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The Cell Cycle - Key Concepts