Types and Details of Surface Finishes....!

1. SURFACE FINISHES
SUBMITTED BY :-
SAURAV CHAUDHARY
11034,8TH SEM,
BUILDING MATERIALS
IGCA

2. SURFACE FINISHING MATERIALS :
a. Stone;
b. Plastering & painting;
c. Ceramic tiles;
d. Facing tiles/Brick tiles/Machine made Bricks;
e. A.C.P Sheets/Composite Panels;
f. factory made wood; &
g. Glass.

3. Properties of Various Exterior Cladding
There are many different types of cladding that you can choose from so you
are sure to find the one that is most suitable for you. Here is an overview of
the most common types of cladding:
 Timber cladding: timber cladding is extremely popular as nothing beats the
look of real timber, and timber suits all styles of homes. Timber cladding
comes in horizontal boards, shingles or panels. It is a surprisingly
environmentally friendly cladding choice as sustainable timber is used and
it is also a good natural insulator.
 Stone cladding: stone cladding brings a feel of natural style and elegance
to your home and the look is unmatched by any other type of cladding. It
uses thin layers of natural or simulated stone. Stone cladding
complements any surrounding. However, stone can be expensive
(simulated stone is somewhat cheaper than real stone however) and more
labour intensive than other types of cladding.

4. • Weatherboard cladding: this is what most people first think of
when cladding is mentioned and it is made from timber,
reconstituted hardwood, fibre cement or vinyl. Weatherboards
can be fixed to all kinds of substrates. Timber and fibre cement
weatherboards need periodic maintenance to keep them looking
their best while vinyl weatherboards are practically zero
maintenance.
• Vinyl cladding: if you’re after a cladding material that requires practically
no maintenance, then vinyl cladding is for you! Vinyl cladding suits all kinds
of homes and comes in a range of colours. It is also economical. Vinyl
cladding is recyclable and uses fewer resources in its manufacturing than
other types of cladding. It is easy to add insulation to vinyl cladding as
well.
• Metal cladding: metal cladding is either steel or aluminium cladding. The
metal is protected through anodising, galvanising or powder coating and a
range of different colours are available to suit any colour scheme. A range
of looks can be created using metal cladding such as sleek flat panels or
corrugated looks. Metal cladding is also very low maintenance.

5. • Concrete cladding: this is a newer type of cladding and it comes in
panel or tile form ready for use inside or outside the home. Concrete
cladding can create sleek modern looks or you can have the concrete
moulded to resemble natural materials such as stone. You can also cast
patterns into the concrete cladding if you wish. Concrete cladding is
incredibly strong and durable, and requires little in the way of
maintenance. It is also a great insulator.
• Stucco: is a very popular type of exterior cladding made from portland
cement mixed with aggregate particles and spread over masonry or a
frame of wood or metal lath. This material is durable, attractive, weather
and pest resistant, and is easily customized by altering aggregate
particle size, using textured trowels for spreading, or adding pigments.
Stucco is very hard but relatively lightweight, as it is usually applied in
coats less than 1 inch (2.54 cm) thick.
• Brick cladding: brick cladding is great as you
can create a variety of looks and patterns
just by using different coloured bricks.
You can also render over them if you choose.
Bricks are lightweight, easy to work with, a
good insulator, and don’t need much
maintenance.

6. TYPES OF EXTERIOR PAINTS
1. Aluminium paint: the very finely grained aluminium is suspended in
either quick-drying spirit varnish or slow-drying oil varnish as per
requirement. The spirit or oil evaporates and a thin metallic film of
aluminium is formed on the surface. The advantages of an aluminium
paint are:
• It is visible in dark.
• It resists heat to a certain degree.
• The surface of iron and steel are better protected from corrosion
by this paint than any other paint.
• It posses a high covering capacity.
• It gives good appearance to surface.
• It is impervious to the moisture.
• It posses high electrical resistance.
• The aluminium paint is widely used for painting gas tanks, hot water
pipes, marine pipes, oil storage tanks, radiators, etc.

7. 2. ANTICORROSIVE PAINT: this paint essentially consists of oil and
a strong drier. A pigment such as chromium oxide or lead or red
lead or zinc chrome is taken and after mixing it with some quantity of
very fine sand, it is added to the paint. The advantages of an
anticorrosive paint are:
• It is cheap.
• It lasts for long duration.
• The appearance of the paint is black.
3. ASBESTOS PAINT: this is peculiar type of paint and it is applied
on the surfaces which are exposed to the acidic gases and steam.
4. BITUMINOUS PAINT: this is prepared by dissolving asphalt or
mineral pitches or vegetable bitumen in any type of oil or petroleum.
A variety of bituminous paints is available. The paint presents a black
appearance and it is used for painting ironwork under water.

8. 5. CELLULOSE PAINT: this paint is prepared from nitro-cotton, celluloid
sheets, photographic films, etc. an ordinary paint hardens by oxidation. A
cellulose paints hardens by evaporation of thinning agent. It thus hardens
quickly. It is a little more costly, but it presents a flexible, hard and
smooth surface. Also, the surface painted with cellulose paint can be
washed and easily cleaned. The cellulose paint is not affected by contact
with hot water and the surface can stand extreme degrees of cold and
heat.
6. COLLODIAL PAINT: no inert material is mixed in this type of paint. It
requires more time to settle and in the process of settlement, it
penetrates through the surface. It may be used for exterior as well as
interior walls.
7. OIL PAINT: This is the ordinary paint and it is generally applied on
three coats of varying composition. They are respectively termed as
primers, undercoats and finishing coats.

9. Ceramic Tiles :
Ceramic tiles have quickly become one of the most popular types of
materials used in home but often times home owners don’t understand
exactly what they are.
Ceramic tiles is made up of sand, natural products, and clays and once it
has been molded into the shape they are then fired in a kiln.
When making ceramic tiles they can either be
glazed or unglazed, but the majority of
homeowners have glazed ceramic tiles in
their homes.
With their increasing popularity there are hundreds
of different designs of ceramic tiles.

10. Properties of Ceramic Tiles :
1.Durabilty : Ceramic tiles have a much longer life in comparison to
other materials that are used to cover floors and walls.
Another benefit associated with the durability of ceramic tiles is that
they are resistant to moisture.
2.Resistance : Alongside general durability, ceramic tiles are also
known because of their ample amount of resistances.
3.Color Permanence : Flooring can be exposed to a numerous amount
of materials ranging from chemicals to sunlight.
Ceramic tiles that are constantly exposed to sunlight will not loose their
color or begin to fade.
Due to this property, this helps to ensure that they will remain in
pristine conditions for their entire lifetime.

11. Brick Tiles :
Brick tiles is also called thin brick or brick veneer. It can be
installed any place a that stone veneer or siding is used, such
as home exteriors, floors patios, fireplaces, or walls.
Brick tiles is made either from salvaged brick shaved into thin
slices, or from new clay that is molded into tiles.
They are sturdy, fireproof, and easy to maintain, as well as
having the classic appearance of real brick at a fraction of the
cost.
They does not need not be painted or stained, and helps
insulate the home and protect it from fore, weather, and water
damage.
Brick tiles has some of the solid
brick’s advantages.

12. Aluminium Composite panels (A.C.P) :
ACP is a type of flat panel that consists of two thin aluminium
sheets bonded to a non-aluminium core.
Acp’s are frequently used for external cladding or facades of
buildings, insulation, and the signage.
Aluminium sheets can be coated with polyvinylidene fluoride
(PVDF),fluoropolymer resins or polyester paint.
ACP’s are produced in a wide range of metallic and non-
metallic colors as well as patterns that imitate other
materials, such as wood or marble.

13. WOOD :
Finishing exterior wood is highly dependent on moisture
content, type of wood surface preparation, application
method and finishing system used.
Fiber-Reinforced-Plastics :
• F.R.P are the composite material made of the of a polymer
matrix reinforced with fibers. The fibers are usually glass,
carbon, aramid, or basalt.
• Rarely other fibers like paper or wood or asbestos have been
used.
• F.R.P’s are much stronger than other materials.
• F.R.P is basically used in roofs and wall-cladding.
• It is one of the form of the plastics.

14. STRENGTH OF GLASS
• Glass is a brittle material and does not deform plastically before failure;
it fails in tension regardless of the nature of loading.
• The potential tensile strength of glass is high but failure may occur at
average stresses low in strength due to stress concentrations at
surface imperfections both inherent in the glass and mechanically
created.
• Glass is most valuable at edges as surface imperfections from cutting
and handling add to the possibility of failure.
• Breakage tends to originate at microscopic flaws at or near the edge
regardless of whether the cause is thermal or uniform pressure.
• Surface flaws are produced in glass by abrasion with most solids—even
by the touch of a finger and particularly by another piece of glass that
rubs against it during manufacture. Flaws have a stress-concentrating
effect; that is, the effective stress at the tip of a flaw can be easily 100
to 1,000 times greater than that is applied.

15. AESTHETIC PROPERTIES OF GLASS
• Glass is can a transparent or
translucent material, allowing light
to pass through, thus allowing
users to see in or out. It will also
allow light to it can fill dark areas of
building or office. Natural lighting
has positive affects on people and
well as health reasons. In flooring
can add appeal by having lights
shine through (dance floors) or over
things of interest (aquariums).
• Apart from creating an attractive
appearance on the outside, glass
enhances the inside of any building,
making it light and airy. With its
many decorative properties it can
combine the aesthetic with the
functional, as mirror glass,
patterned glass, screen-printed
glass, matt glass, lacquered glass
etc.