Types of building materials

1. Ceramic is a material consisting of components of
metallic and non-metallic elements.

2. Requirement of ceramic
 Provide resistance to stains.
 Easy to clean.
 Non- slippary while wet.
 Durable.
 Easy to handle and not so heavy in weight.
Properties of ceramic
 Ceramics are hard , strong and dense material.
 Low ductility.
 Good resistance to corrosion.
• Stable in environment
• Electric insulators.

3. Types of ceramics
crystalline Non-crystalline Glass-bonded
Single phase
( MgO , CaO )
Binary phase
(FeO-MgO)
Ternary phase
These are
natural and
synthetic
inorganic
glasses.
The
crystalline
phase are
held in
glassy
matrix.

4. Uses of ceramics
 Bricks
 Tiles
 Pipes
 Chimney
 Insulators
 Dental implants
 Cement
 Radar domes
 Transmitter
 Optical equipments

5. Importance of ceramic
 Cement- a ceramic material is widely used in
building construction.
 Glass- a ceramic material is used as shelves,
decorative articles,etc is important
building material.
 Transparent ceramics provide visibility in case of door,
window glass in various building for inhabitants.
 The water and waste water pipes and fittings are important
in building construction.
 The maintained clean surface of ceramics are giving new
look at every instance.

6. TIMBER
Timber is a natural building construction material
obtained from trees.

7. Requirements of timber
 Dark uniform colour.
 Dense.
 Workable, good machinability.
 Uniform texture.
 Freshly cut log surface should emit sweet smell.
 Free from crakes, splits, warp, etc.
 When it is struck, it should produce a sonorous sound.

8. Types of timber
Natural Industrial
Babul
Bamboo
Banyan
Neem
Mango
Teak
Pine
Palms
Veneers
Plywood
Fiberboards
Impreg timbers
Compreg timbers

9. Uses of timber
 Railway sleepers
 Bridges
 Pipes
 Furniture
 Packing material
 Decorative pieces
 Doors and windows
 Matchbox
 Boat
 Roofs
 Lintels and arches
 Flooring
 Partition wall
 Rafters

10. Properties of timber
 Low heat conductivity.
 Small bulk density.
 Relatively high strength.
 It’s volume changes with moisture content.
 Long life.
Importance of timber
 Used as walls, columns, beams, doors and
windows in building construction.
 Easy to transport due to lesser weight and easy
handling.
 Used in furniture decoration of buildings.

11. Advantages Disadvantages
 Easy to cut and reshape
as per desired
dimensions.
 Locally available. The
workers of woodwork
easily available.
 Useful to make door,
window, ventilator and
furniture of building in
construction.
• Catches fire easily.
• Can be affected by
termite.
• Not suitable for heavy
loads and multistoried
structures.

12. PAINTS AND VARNISHES
 The paints are coatings of fluid materials and they are
applied over the surfaces of timber and metal.
 The varnishes are transparent or nearly transparent
solutions of resinous materials and they are applied over
the painted surfaces.

13. Requirements of paint
 Paint applied on a surface should dry within 24 hours.
 Neither crack nor shrink after drying.
 Not reveal brush marks after drying.
 An attractive appearance.
 The paint film after drying should be impervious and
weather resisting.
Requirements of varnish
• The film left by varnish should be shining and glossy.
• The colour of varnish should not develop cracks on
drying.

14. Properties of paints
 Available in wide range of variety.
 Available in various colours.
 Have effect of weather actions.
 Have resistance to water at certain extent.
 Spreaded and strached as a layer on base by brushes.
Properties of varnish
• Transparent.
• Provide shine on old and new wood work.
• Stretchable to provide thin film or layer on base.
• Available in black, brown, red like colours. It is possible to
make them colourless.

15. Uses of paints and varnish
 Provide clean, good and colourful
attractive appearance to the surface.
 Prevent decay of wood.
 Provide corrosion resistance in metal.
 Varnish brightens the appearance of the
grain in wood.
Importance of paints and varnish
• Paints provide a decorative colourful finish.
• Resist the growth of bacterial and fungus on walls and timber
surfaces.
• Paints and varnishes are provided as film or layer as protective
coatings.

16. Type of paint Uses
Aluminum paint Gas tanks
Piers of Marine structure
Radiators
Hot water pipes
Oil storage tanks
Cement paint External plastering of building
Asbestos paint Structures exposed to acid, steam,
gas
Cellulose paint Surfaces which are exposed to heat,
cold and water.
Bituminous paint Ironwork in waterbody
Oil paint For woodwork and ironwork of
building
Plastic paint For all types of building

17. GLASS
Glass is an amorphous , inorganic, homogenous,
transparent or translucent material.

18. Types of glass
 Soda-lime glass : Na2O . CaO . 6SiO2
 Potash-lime glass : K2O . CaO . 6SiO2
 Potash-lead glass : K2O . PbO . 6SiO2
 Special varieties of glass :
1. Bullet proof glass
2. Fiber glass
3. Foam glass
4. Glass blocks
5. Obscured glass
6. Safety glass
7. Soluble glass
8. Optical glass
9. Wired glass
10. Ultra- violet glass

19. Uses of glass
 To make laboratory apparatus.
 To make optical instruments.
 Decorative articles.
 Spectacles, lenses.
 Windows, doors, ventilators.
 Prisms
 Medicine bottles.
 Glass bricks.
 Combustion tubes.
 Cooking utensils.
 Panel walls, partition walls.
 Electrical appliances, bulbs, tubes.

20. Properties of glass
 Available in varieties of colours.
 No effect of air and water.
 Resistance to chemicals.
 Can not deform.
 Hard.
 Affected by alkalies.
 No sharp melting point.
Importance of glass
• Glass blocks cut off the glare but it admits sunlight
and controls sound and heat in a better way.
• Missile contains thousands of glass items.

21. PLASTIC
The plastic is an organic substance and it consists of
natural or synthetic binders or resins with or without
moulding compounds.

22. Requirements of plastics
 Provide good heat resistance.
 Their colours should not be faded easily.
 Possess good strength.
 Their shape and size should not be distorted easily.
 Durable with good resistance to cracks and breaks.
Uses of plastics
They are used to make-
• Furniture like sofa, table, chair, etc.
• Optical lenses, spectacles, frames.
• Handles of tools, cases of machines, covers.
• Waterproof doors, bags.
• Sanitary fittings like taps, pipes, valves, etc.

23. Types of plastic
 Thermo plastic :
 Linear or chain structure.
 They are used for toys, electric insulators, pipes, valves,
fan blades, etc.
 Acrylic, P.V.C., polystyrene, polyethylene, nylons, etc. are
thermoplastic.
 Thermosetting plastic :
 Cross linked or network structure.
 Telephone receivers, switches, plugs, adhesives, foams,
etc. are made from thermosetting plastics.
 Bakelite, polyesters , malamines, etc. are thermosetting
plastics.

24. Properties of plastic
 Light in weight.
 Absorb shocks.
 Free from corrosion.
 Low thermal and electrical conductivity.
Importance of plastic
• Plastic doors on external walls and in bath w.c. are not
affected by water and are easily openable.
• Decorative and light weight furnitures are easy to clean
and rearrange in buildings.