2.
Water present in body is body water. Water of the
body together with its dissolved solute is called body
fluid.
The distribution of total body water is as follows:
Muscle (50%)
Skin (20%)
Blood (10%)
Other organ (20%)
Total body water depends upon:
Age
Sex
Degree of obesity
3. ROLE OF BODY WATER
Essential constituent of all cells
Serves as transport medium of nutrient &
excretory products
Acts as medium of cellular reaction
Valuable solvent for vitamins, enzymes,
electrolytes, non-electrolytes, hormones, even fat
soluble compounds
Maintain body heat
Maintain form, & texture of tissue
4. WATER BALANCE
Daily Intake of Water
Fluids Ingested (liquids/water in diet) – 2100 ml
From metabolism –
200 ml
Net Intake =
2300 ml
Daily output of Water
Insensible (skin) –
350 ml
Insensible (lungs) –
350 ml
Sweat –
100 ml
Feces –
100 ml
Urine –
1400 ml
Net Output =
2300 ml
5. FACTORS AFFECTING WATER BALANCE
Thirst mechanism
Condition of kidney
Temperature & humidity
Endocrine glands
Hypothalamus
Electrolytes & water balance
Diet
6. WATER BALANCE (2 TYPES)
POSITIVE WATER BALANCE: NEGATIVE WATER BALANCE:
Occurs during:
Growing period
Pregnancy
Recovery from disease
Liver damage
Hypothyroidism
Using drugs(like
narcotics)
Changes of dietary habit
Occurs during:
Vomitting, diarrhoea &
haemorrhage
Burns
Excessive salivation
When intake of fluid is
restricted
Unconscious state
Hypofunction of adrenal
gland
Because of many diseases
7. NORMAL COMPOSITION OF BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS
APPROXIMATELY (MMOL/L)
Constituent Plasma
Interstitial Intracellular
fluid
fluid
Na+
142
145
12
K+
4
4.1
150
Ca2+
1-2
1-2
<10-6
mol/l*
Mg2+
0.75-1.5
2
2
Cl-
103
113
4
HCO3-
25
27
12
Protein
60
1
25
Sulphate
1
1
20
8. TYPES OF BODY FLUID
INTRACELLULAR
FLUID:
Fluids occupied inside the
cells. Intracellular fluid is
found inside the bilayered plasma
membrane in which
cellular organs are
suspended & chemical
reaction takes place.
EXTRACELLULAR
FLUID:
Fluid in the spaces
outside the cells Including
interstitial fluid, plasma &
transcellular fluid. of the
body.
9. TRANSCELLULAR FLUID
Specialized ECF or another
small compartment of fluid.
It is the fluid separated
from plasma by epithelium.
This compartment includes:
Synovial fluid
Peritonial fluid
Pericardial fluid
Intraocular fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid
11. COMPOSITION & FUNCTION OF ICF
Composition:
Electrolytes, protein, cholesterol, phospholipid,
neutral fat.
Function of ICF:
Provides fluid media within the cells for
chemical reaction
Buffering action
12. COMPOSITION & FUNCTIONS ECF
Composition :
Electrolyte, Glucose, fatty acid, amino acids,
Chemical messangers, oxygen & other nutrients, urea.
Functions:
Establishes the milieu interior
Provides nutrients to the cells
Removes metabolic waste materials from immediate
cellular environment
It brings to the cells hormones that co-ordinate the
functions of widely separated cells
Buffering action
13. MEASURING BODY FLUID
Volume of any fluid
compartment can be
measured by placing a
substance in the compartment by allowing it to
disperse evenly & then measuring the extent to
which the substance become diluted. Then a
sample of the dispersed fluid is removed & the
concentration of the substance is analyzed.
The formula of measuring total body fluid=
volume×concentration of the test substance injected
concentration per ml of dispersed fluid
