Euclid Green Integrated Planning
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The document proposes an integrated stormwater plan for Euclid, Ohio to address combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in a more natural and cost effective way. The plan has two goals: 1) revive natural stormwater regulation through bioretention facilities to reduce CSOs and 2) reconnect fragmented habitat areas to increase biodiversity. It involves using green infrastructure like bioswales instead of only gray infrastructure, linking facilities with eco-greenways, and placing them along historic waterways and 'ghost streams' no longer on the surface. Over time, this would restore Euclid's watersheds and their ability to naturally regulate stormwater flows.
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Euclid Green Integrated Planning
- 1. Restoring the Pulse 1) Streams into Sewers City of Euclid boundary Google Earth aerial viewer © 2015 Bluestone Heights Bluestone Heights bluestoneheights.org 2) Initial Green Solutions 4) Eco-Greenways of Nature in Euclid 3) Integrated Planning Bluestone Heights Roy Larick 5) Euclid Ecology Unit Overview In five SlideShares, Restoring the Pulse presents two goals for stormwater Integrated Planning in Euclid, Ohio: • Revive the natural regulation of stormwater at relatively low cost and high community benefit. • Reconnect fragmented natural habitat areas as a means to build local biodiversity and natural capital.
- 2. LillyCreek BabbittRun Creek5 BurkRun Salt Run FrissellRun Integrated Planning rationale Integrated Planning In 2015, Euclid may be able to revisit the EPA consent decree and its gray stormwater solution. If so, we will want to pitch an Integrated Plan to EPA. Under such a plan, stormwater becomes a resource in potential benefit the sewer utility and the larger community. Simply put, Integrated Planning encourages cities to work with nature, not against it. Integrated Planning is the way we can restore the natural pulse of stormwater flow and also rejuvenate our urban watersheds. Integrated Wastewater Planning Approach EPA, May 2012 City of Euclid boundary Google Earth aerial viewer 200th 222nd Babbitt 260th Lloyd © 2015 Bluestone Heights Restoring the Pulse Euclid storm sewer catchments
- 3. LillyCreek BabbittRun Creek5 BurkRun Salt Run FrissellRun City of Euclid boundary Bioretention Managing stormwater as a resource Bioretention is the base means for slowing stormwater and for restoring the natural pulse in sewer catchments. Bioretention helps reduce CSO overflows and can help revive fragmented watershed features and ecological habitats. Bioretention is the primary means to rebuild ‘natural capital’ under an Integrated Plan. City of Euclid boundary Google Earth aerial viewer 200th 222nd Babbitt 260th Lloyd © 2015 Bluestone Heights Integrated Planning Restoring the Pulse Integrated Wastewater Planning Approach EPA, May 2012 Euclid storm sewers
- 4. LillyCreek BabbittRun Creek5 BurkRun Salt Run FrissellRun Euclid watershed evolution In addition to the priority CSO catchments, Euclid has many places where bioretention can help restore the natural pulse of diminished watersheds. Many such places involve ‘ghost water features’, stream course segments abandoned but still showing signs of life. Ghost features offer good potential for greening under an Integrated Plan. To understand the nature of ghosts and other ecologically sensitive places, let’s review how local watersheds have waxed and waned over the years. City of Euclid boundary Google Earth aerial viewer 200th 222nd Babbitt 260th Lloyd © 2015 Bluestone Heights Integrated Planning Restoring the Pulse Euclid storm sewers
- 5. LillyCreek BabbittRun Creek5 BurkRun Salt Run FrissellRun Euclid watershed evolution The story begins with the retreat of the last glaciers and glacial lakes about 12,000 years ago. To see the effects of time, we’ll observe a slice of the local landscape from the escarpment down to the lake. The slice long axis parallels Babbitt Rd. Like Lloyd Rd, Babbitt follows the course of an escarpment run from Euclid Ave to Lake Erie. In this case, it is Babbitt Run. City of Euclid boundary Google Earth aerial viewer 200th 222nd Babbitt 260th Lloyd © 2015 Bluestone Heights Integrated Planning Restoring the Pulse Euclid storm sewers
- 6. Euclid bluestone Cleveland Shale Chagrin Shale looking southeast bluff hills face plain terrace Integrated Planning Restoring the Pulse Euclid descends to Lake Erie in three steps. The Portage Escarpment is a shale ‘massif’ capped with Euclid bluestone (fine, hard sandstone). The escarpment has two parts: face and hills. The St Clair Terrace has a shale surface leveled by the surf of ancient glacial lakes. The lake plain is covered with soft glacial debris and lake bottom clay. Intensity of green represents the density of the local forest The escarpment face is heavily forested Lake plain and hills have a typically urban forest St Clair Terrace, highly industrialized, is the least forested Euclid deep history © 2015 Bluestone Heights
- 7. Euclid bluestone Cleveland Shale Chagrin Shale hills plain terrace 12,000 BP Stream headwaters had cut deeply into the escarpment face. ‘Escarpment ravines’ were the result. Upon reaching the terrace and plain, the streams could cut shallow, shifting channels. Along the lake bluff, streams dug deeper ravines in final descent. About 12,000 years ago, with the retreat of the last glacier and associated lakes, Euclid’s watersheds had fully emerged. The climate was still cool. There were few deciduous trees and lots of shrubbery and grassland. Euclid’s habitat suited mammoth (grazers) and, especially, mastodons (browsers). Euclid deep history face © 2015 Bluestone Heights bluff Integrated Planning Restoring the Pulse surface stream escarpment ravine
- 8. Euclid bluestone Cleveland Shale Chagrin Shale hills plain terrace 10,000 BP By 10,000 years ago, climate had warmed enough to support the emergence of the current deciduous forest. Euclid deep history face © 2015 Bluestone Heights bluff Integrated Planning Restoring the Pulse surface stream escarpment ravine
- 9. Euclid bluestone Cleveland Shale Chagrin Shale hills plain terrace 1830 CE By 1830 CE, Euclid’s early settlers were clearing the forest for agriculture, charcoal, and timber.. Forest clearing promoted erosion, especially on the escarpment face and the terrace. On the terrace, farmers began rerouting streams in ditches along roads and property lines. After the Civil War, vineyards became Euclid primary agricultural endeavor, especially on the terrace. As vineyards did not require intensive plowing, agricultural erosion was minimal. Euclid deep history face © 2015 Bluestone Heights bluff Integrated Planning Restoring the Pulse surface stream escarpment ravine
- 10. Euclid bluestone Cleveland Shale Chagrin Shale hills plain terrace 1890 CE Trees flourished along property lines and abandoned farmland. Many of Euclid’s current large trees lie along old property lines. By 1890, Euclid flat land became more valuable for building than for farming. A few vineyards held on to about 1920, but most farmland was abandoned to real estate speculation. Euclid deep history face © 2015 Bluestone Heights bluff Integrated Planning Restoring the Pulse surface stream escarpment ravine
- 11. Euclid bluestone Cleveland Shale Chagrin Shale hills plain terrace surface stream buried stream storm sewer 1950 CE Euclid’s residential areas were still pretty bare in 1950. The urban forest ethic arrived in the 1960s. With industrial and residential growth, Euclid’s streams became polluted and inconvenient for all forms of development. The storm sewer system was established in the 1920s. On the plain and hills, almost all streams were buried by 1950. Ghost features are to be found along buried stream courses. Euclid deep history face © 2015 Bluestone Heights bluff Integrated Planning Restoring the Pulse escarpment ravine
- 12. Euclid bluestone Cleveland Shale Chagrin Shale hills plain terrace surface stream buried stream storm sewer CSO catchment 2015 CE Since the implementation of the US Clean Water Act in 1972, Euclid has made significant progress in upgrading its sanitary and storm sewer systems. Storm events bring polluting overflows to 17 Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) points. Eight CSOs are activated in even small ‘wet weather’ events. Each combined sewer system has a significant catchment. Euclid Initial Green Solutions face © 2015 Bluestone Heights bluff Integrated Planning Restoring the Pulse escarpment ravine
- 13. Bioswales Euclid bluestone Cleveland Shale Chagrin Shale hills plain terrace 2025 CE In devising an Integrated Stormwater Plan, we must first address the eight priority CSOs. Strand’s ‘green sub-catchment’ designs are a good starting point (Initial Green Solutions). Each would create new storm sewers to shunt pure stormwater to local bioretention facilities or ‘bioswales’. Euclid green future face © 2015 Bluestone Heights bluff Integrated Planning Restoring the Pulse Control Runoff Green Infrastructure surface stream buried stream storm sewer bioswale CSO catchment escarpment ravine
- 14. Bioswales Rain gardens Curbside bump-outs Permeable pavement Green roofs Control Runoff Euclid bluestone Cleveland Shale Chagrin Shale Green Infrastructure hills plain terrace 2025 CE The second stage of an Integrated Plan would develop a range of bioretention facilities in non- priority areas. We can benefit greatly by placing green infrastructure in relation to surviving surface streams and at ‘ghost’ stream locations. There are scores of ghost stream landscapes on the terrace and plain. Euclid green future face © 2015 Bluestone Heights bluff Integrated Planning Restoring the Pulse surface stream buried stream storm sewer bioswale CSO catchment escarpment ravine
- 15. Euclid bluestone Cleveland Shale Chagrin Shale Eco-Greenways Infiltrate stormwater Increase habitat richness Raise species diversity Link public green spaces Enhance connectivityPerform eco services bluff hills Reforest Extend wetlands Restore streambeds Stabilize slopes Restore streambeds Eradicate invasive species Expand water bodies Provide alternative transit channels plain terrace 2025 CE As bioswales grow in number, individual sites can be linked within ‘eco-greenways’. Storm water infiltration can be maximized while greenspace is enhanced. Eco-greenways regroup fragmented natural habitats. In linking habitat islands we can increase the natural capital of our city. Greenways are all about restoring the natural pulse. face Greenway construction tasks © 2015 Bluestone Heights Eco-Greenways Integrated Planning Restoring the Pulse Euclid Stormwater Integrated Plan surface stream buried stream storm sewer bioswale CSO catchment escarpment ravine
- 16. Public Presentation Euclid Public Library June 10, 2015 City of Euclid boundary © 2015 Bluestone Heights Restoring the Pulse 1) Streams into Sewers Bluestone Heights bluestoneheights.org 2) Initial Green Solutions 4) Eco-Greenways of Nature in Euclid 3) Integrated Planning 5) Euclid Ecology Unit Google Earth aerial viewer
- 17. Roy Larick Walk back in time Look to the Future Bluestone Heights © 2015 Bluestone Heights A production by bluestoneheights.org roylarick@gmail.com Euclid bluestone outcrop Doan Brook, Cleveland OHR. Larick