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People generally remember
10% of what they read.
20% of what they hear.
30% of what they see.
50% of what they both see and hear.
70% of what they say.
90% of what they simultaneously say and
do. (Clark & Starr 1986)
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Outlines
• Learning by doing: Places to visit
• Task-based learning by Jane Willis
• Different tasks (handouts & Video Clips)
• Ferryman
• Youtube-Task-based language learning,
Overview and practice
• More lesson plans
• Group work (the fox and the goat)
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Three types of tasks
Prabhu identified three types of tasks.
An information-gap activity
Involve the exchange of information among
participants in order to complete a task.
An opinion-gap activity
Students give their personal preferences, feelings, or attitudes
in order to complete a task.
A reasoning-gap activity
Students derive some new information by inferring it from
information they have been given.
Prabhu feels that reasoning-gap task is
the best. Reasoning-gap tasks, on the
other hand, encourage a more sustained
engagement with meaning, though they
are still characterized by a somewhat
predictable use of language.
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Sources
• Clark, L. H. & Starr, I. S. (1986). Secondary and
middle school teaching methods (5th ed.). New
York: Macmillan Publishing Company
• http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/articles/a-
task-based-approach
• Brochure. Professional development workshops for
English language lecturers in vocational
universities, Taiwan. April 10-14, 2007
• Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching,
Diane Larsen-Freeman, Oxford University Press,
2000
• http://www.xfjy9.com/ysyy/index.htm 伊索寓言故事動
版畫
• Others: please refer to the handouts
