The document discusses Qualcomm Technologies' role in connecting the Internet of Things through cellular technologies like LTE Cat-M1 and NB-IoT. It outlines how these new narrowband LTE technologies optimize cellular to address a wide range of IoT use cases in a low-cost and low-power way while leveraging existing LTE infrastructure. The technologies are designed to deliver benefits like multi-year battery life, ubiquitous coverage including deeper indoor coverage, and support for massive numbers of devices connecting in a heterogeneous connectivity landscape.

1. Paving the path to
Narrowband 5G with
LTE Internet of Things (IoT)
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
June, 2016

2. 2
IoT — a massive surge of smart, interconnected “things”
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. is a
proven, trusted solution provider for IoT
Decades of industry experience
Broad portfolio of technologies
1B+ IoT devices shipped globally1
1 Cumulative shipment using Qualcomm technologies; includes SoC, Cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi , GNSS and PLC, stats as of April 2016

3. 3
Connecting the IoT requires heterogeneous connectivity
Powered by global standards with seamless interoperability across multiple vendors
PowerlineNFCBluetooth GNSS/LocationWi-FiCellular
Creating a
connectivity fabric
for everything
To support the wide range of IoT
use cases with varying requirements
Cost Battery life
Coverage Security
Latency Mobility
Throughput Node densityReliability

4. 4
Cellular technologies enable a wide range of IoT services
>5B
IoT connections
by 20251
Smart cities
Lighting, traffic sensors,
smart parking,…
Mobile health
Wearables, gateways,
remote patient,…
Environmental monitoring
Agriculture, forecast fire/
air pollution sensors,…
Smart utilities
Smart grid, gas/water/
electric meters
Ubiquitous
coverage
Reliable
and secure
Global
ecosystem
Always-on
connectivity
Connected building
Security, video surveillance,
smoke detectors,…
Connected industrial
Process/equipment monitoring,
HVAC, …
Asset tracking
Fleet management, pet/kid
trackers, shipping,…
Connected retail
Vending machines, ATM,
digital ads,…
1 Including Cellular & LPWA M2M connections, Machina Research, June, 2016

5. 5
We are evolving LTE for the Internet of Things
New narrowband technologies to more efficiently support IoT use cases
Mobile Video security Wearables Object tracking
Energy managementConnected car Connected healthcare City infrastructure Smart buildings
Environment monitoringUtility metering
Today New narrowband IoT technologies (3GPP Release 13+)
LTE Cat-4 and above
>10 Mbps
n x 20 MHz
LTE Cat-1
Up to 10 Mbps
20 MHz
LTE Cat-M1 (eMTC)
Variable rate up to 1 Mbps
1.4 MHz narrowband
Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT)
10s of kbps
200 kHz narrowband
Scaling up in performance and mobility
Scaling down in complexity and power

6. 6
LTE IoT delivers significant value for LPWA1 applications
Over non-3GPP solutions
1 Low-power, wide-area
Ubiquitous coverage
Established networks serving
billions of connections worldwide
Coexistence
Leverages existing and planned
LTE infrastructure and spectrum
Scalability
To address the wide
range of IoT use cases
Mature ecosystem
Backed by global standards with
a rich roadmap to 5G
End-to-end security
Established/trusted security and
authentication features built in
Managed QoS
Based on licensed spectrum
with a redundant network design

7. 7
Paving the path to 5G
NB-IoT is the foundation for Narrowband 5G; continuing to evolve in Release 14+
Scales down LTE to address the broadest
range of IoT use cases
Optimizes to lowest cost/power for delay-
tolerant, low-throughput IoT use cases
3GPP 5G NR further enhances massive IoT with
new capabilities such as RSMA1 & multi-hop mesh
1 Resource Spread Multiple Access

8. Delivering new
narrowband LTE
IoT technologies
As part of 3GPP Release 13

9. 9
LTE Cat-M1
1.4 MHz
Up to 1 Mbps
Faster data rates
Full-to-limited mobility
Voice/VoLTE support
Two new LTE IoT technologies, one unified LTE platform
Coverage
Performance
+5 dB
+15 dB
LTE Cat-NB1
200 kHz
10s of kbps
LTE Cat-1
and above
n x 20 MHz
> 1 Mbps
Short-range
wireless1
LTE Cat-M1 (eMTC)
Broadest range of IoT capabilities
with support for advanced features,
e.g. voice support
LTE Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT)
Scalable to lowest cost/power for
delay-tolerant, low-throughput IoT
use cases, e.g. remote sensors
Many IoT devices can benefit from
multi-mode operations to optimize
for different traffic profiles and RF
conditions
1 Examples include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, NFC, and others
Ultra low-cost
Ultra low-power
Delay-tolerant

10. 10
LTE IoT reduces complexity, extends battery life & coverage
Through optimizations to both the air interface and core network
Multi-year battery life
Enhanced power save modes
and more efficient signaling,
e.g. extended DRX
sleep cycles
Deeper coverage
Achieve up to 20 dB increase
in link budget for hard-to-reach
locations via redundant
transmissions
Higher node density
Signaling and other network
optimizations, e.g. overload
control, to support a large
number of devices per cell
Reduced complexity
Narrowband operation
(1.4 MHz or 200 kHz) plus further
device and core network
complexity reductions
Coexistence with today’s mobile broadband services
Leveraging existing infrastructure and spectrum

11. 11
New LTE IoT device categories reduce LTE complexity
To enable low-cost modules optimized for small, infrequent data transmissions
1 Integrated PA possible
LTE Cat-1
(Today)
LTE Cat-M1
(Rel-13)
LTE Cat-NB1
(Rel-13)
Peak data rate DL: 10 Mbps
UL: 5 Mbps
DL: 1 Mbps
UL: 1 Mbps
DL: ~20 kbps
UL: ~60 kbps
Bandwidth 20 MHz 1.4 MHz 200 kHz
Rx antenna MIMO Single Rx Single Rx
Duplex mode Full duplex
FDD/TDD
Supports half duplex
FDD/TDD
Half duplex
FDD only
Transmit power 23 dBm 20 dBm1 20 dBm1
Simplified
RF hardware
Reduces baseband
complexity and
decreases memory
Higher throughput, lower latency, full mobility

12. 12
Delivering multi-year battery life
Devices wake up on a per-need basis; stay asleep for minutes, hours, even days
Note: PSM and eDRx applicable to both Cat-M1 and Cat-NB1; may also be applied to LTE Cat-1 and above
Power save mode (PSM)
Eliminates page monitoring between data transmissions
For device-originated or scheduled applications, e.g.,
smart metering, environmental monitoring
Powerconsumption
Time
PSM
Datatransfer
Datatransfer
Page
monitoring
Device not reachable
Extended discontinuous receive (eDRx)
Extends time between monitoring for network messages
For device-terminated applications, e.g., object tracking,
smart grid
Powerconsumption
Time
Datatransfer
Sleep Sleep
Extended DRx
Up to 40+ minutes vs. today’s
upper limit of 2.56 seconds
Also features such as reduced complexity and less channel measurements extend battery life

13. 13
Numerous technology enablers for deeper coverage
To reach challenging locations, e.g. penetrating more walls & floors
1 Link budget; 2 At least for standalone operation mode
LTE Cat-M1
>155.7 dB
LTE Cat-1
Baseline 140.7 dB
LTE Cat-NB1
Up to 164 dB1,2
Tradingoffspectralefficiencyandlatency
• Further relaxed requirements, e.g. timing
• Low-order modulation, e.g. QPSK
• Option for single-tone uplink transmissions
Cat-NB1 only
• Repetitive transmissions & TTI bundling for redundancy
• Narrowband uplink transmissions
Cat-M1 and Cat-NB1

14. 14
Coexisting with today’s LTE services
Cat-M1 and Cat-NB1 can leverage existing LTE infrastructure and spectrum
1 Assumptions: ISD Urban – 500m, 3 cells per site, Channel b/w 10MHz, Cell capacity: DL 14Mbps, UL 9.6Mbps; Traffic types include data and commands for Electric Meter, Water Meter, Security Panel, HVAC - Residential,
Outdoor Street Light, Off Street Parking Meter, Parking Space Sensor, Water Assets; 100% of traffic assumed in 6hr. busy period; 2 Physical Resource Block; 3 Including re-farming of GSM spectrum
<0.1%
Data capacity for
IoT traffic based on
sample scenario1
Reuse center 6 PRB2 for synchronization; data
channel can operate across entire LTE band for
most efficient coexistence with today’s traffic
New synchronization anchor channels are in
restricted narrowband locations; may also be
deployed standalone3 or in LTE guard band
Multimode
Cat-M1/NB1
devices
Cat-M1
devices
Cat-NB1
devices
Mobile
devices
Cat-NB1 channel
Regular LTE
Cat-M1 channel
WidebandControl

15. 15
Regular data
Cat-M1 SIB3
Cat-M1 (eMTC) efficient coexistence with today’s services
Narrowband operation of 1.4 MHz1 across entire LTE band
1 1.08 MHz used by the network to transmit 6 RBs in-band; 2 PSS/SSS/PBCH; 3 SIB (System Information Block); 4 Also supports frequency hopping within LTE band for diversity
Regular data
WidebandControl
Legacy Synch2
Time and Frequency-Division Multiplexing
between LTE IoT and today’s existing
services, e.g. mobile broadband
Multiple narrowband regions with
frequency retuning to support scalable
resource allocation between LTE IoT
and non-IoT traffic4
Co-existence
Flexible capacity
Supports FDD or TDD spectrum
Regular data
Cat-M1 Data
(User 1)
Cat-M1 Data
(User 2)
Data transmissionScheduling
Initial cell search
and acquisition

16. 16
Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT) flexible deployment options
Dedicated NB carrier — supports FDD spectrum only in Rel-13
In-band
Utilizing single Resource Block (180
kHz) within a normal LTE carrier
Utilizing unused resource blocks
within a LTE carrier’s guard-band
Guard-band
Utilizing stand-alone 200 kHz
carrier, e.g. re-farming spectrum
currently used by GERAN systems
Standalone
New optimized NB-IoT synchronization, control, and data channels
NB-IoT
Regular
LTE Data
Regular
LTE Data
NB-IoTNB-IoT
Guard-band Guard-band
NB-IoT

17. 17
Delivering IoT optimizations to the network architecture
Also part of 3GPP Release 13
Optional optimizations so that mobile operators can effectively balance CAPEX vs. OPEX decisions
Simplified Core Network
(EPC-lite)
Reduced functionality, e.g. limited
mobility and no voice, makes possible
for integrating network functions into
a single entity
More efficient
signaling
To support a larger number of devices
per cell with new features such as
group-based paging and messaging
Enhanced resource
management
Such as optimizations to allow a large
set of devices to share the same
subscription, e.g. all the water
meters in a city
P-GW
MME
S-GW

18. 18
Small cells add value to LTE IoT deployments
More deployment options
Leveraging neutral hosts to provide
IoT connectivity in shared/unlicensed
spectrum (e.g. MulteFire)
Longer battery life
Allowing devices to reduce uplink
transmit power, minimizing overall
power consumption
Improved coverage
Bringing the network closer for
deeper reach indoors and more
reliable connectivity
Venues Industrial Residential Enterprise/Buildings Cities

19. 19
Providing an end-to-end LTE IoT platform
To simplify the deployment and management of IoT services
Simplified service
management
Billing/cost mgmt.
Remote provisioning
Embedded SIM (eUICC)
Real-time diagnostics
Optimized LTE
connectivity
Reduced complexity
Lower power
Deeper coverage
Simplified device
development
Development platforms
Certified modules
Certified devices
Simplified application
development
Standardized protocols
Interoperability
End-to-end security
e.g. oneM2M
Simplified network
architecture
Reduced functionality
Optimized signaling
Virtualization

20. Roadmap to 5G will
bring even more
opportunities for the
Internet of Things

21. 21
We are continuing to evolve NB-IoT beyond Release 13
The foundation to Narrowband 5G
Broadcast
Allowing more efficient OTA firmware
update for large number of devices,
e.g. sensors, meters
Positioning
Providing location services for
use cases such as mobile asset
tracking and emergency call
Mobility
Enabling devices to monitor
and report channel conditions
for inter-cell handovers
VoLTE
Adding voice and options to
support lower latency services

22. 22Based on target requirements for the envisioned 5G use cases
Massive Internet
of Things
Mission-critical
control
Enhanced
mobile broadband
Deep coverage
To reach challenging locations
Ultra-low energy
10+ years of battery life
Ultra-low complexity
10s of bits per second
Ultra-high density
1 million nodes per Km2
Extreme capacity
10 Tbps per Km2
Extreme data rates
Multi-Gigabits per second
Deep awareness
Discovery and optimization
Extreme user mobility
Or no mobility at all
Ultra-low latency
As low as 1 millisecond
Ultra-high reliability
<1 out of 100 million packets lost
Strong security
e.g. Health / government/ financial trusted
We are also designing a new 5G NR air interface
5G NR will be scalable to an extreme variation of IoT requirements

23. 23
Bringing new capabilities for the massive IoT
Time
Frequency
1 Greater range and efficiency when using licensed spectrum, e.g. protected reference signals . Network time synchronization improves peer-to-peer efficiency
Grant-free uplink
Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA)
Enables asynchronous, non-orthogonal, contention-based
access that is well suited for sporadic uplink transmissions
of small data bursts common in IoT use cases
Coverage extension
Multi-hop mesh with WAN management
Overcomes uplink coverage issues due to low-power devices
and challenging placements by enabling uplink data relayed via
nearby devices; opportunity to reduce power/cost even further
Mesh on unlicensed
or partitioned with
uplink licensed
spectrum1
Direct access on
licensed spectrum

24. 24
Also enabling new mission-critical control IoT services
Industrial
automation
Robotics
Aviation
Autonomous
vehicles
Energy/
Smart grid
Medical
Strong e2e security
Security enhancements to air interface, core
network, & service layer across verticals1
1ms e2e latency
Faster, more flexible frame structure; also new
non-orthogonal uplink access
Ultra-high availability
Simultaneous links to both 5G and LTE for
failure tolerance and extreme mobility
Ultra-high reliability
Ultra-reliable transmissions that can be time
multiplexed with nominal traffic through puncturing
1 Also exploring alternative roots of trust beyond the SIM card

25. 25
Flexible 5G network architecture brings additional benefits
Leveraging virtualized network functions to create optimized network slices
• Configurable end-to-end connectivity per vertical
• Modular, specialized network functions
per services
• Flexible subscription models
• Dynamic control and user planes with more
functionality at the edge
• Multi-access core network will provide
connectivity to LTE, NB-IOT, and 5G IoT
Better cost/
Energy efficiency
Optimized
performance
Flexible business
models
Dynamic creation
of services
Mobile broadband
Massive IoT
Mission-critical
control

26. 26
5G standardization progressing for 2020 launch
Note: Estimated commercial dates; 1 Forward compatibility with R16 and beyond
2016 20212017 2019 2020 20222015 2018
5G study items
Continued LTE evolution in parallel with 5G
5G
phase 2
5G-NR
launch1
3GPP RAN workshop R17+
5G evolution
R16 5G
WI’s
R15 5G
WI’s
Learn more at: www.qualcomm.com/5G
NB-IoT = foundation for NB-5G, 1st commercial deployments in 2017

27. Qualcomm is
uniquely positioned
to connect the
Internet of Things
An established leader today –
pioneering tomorrow’s technologies

28. 28
Delivering a broad portfolio of technologies for the IoT
To meet diverse connectivity and computing requirements
Sensor core
Display processing
Media processing
CPU
Augmented reality
GPU
Camera processing
DSP
Security
Power management
Cognitive computing
Audio processing
802.11ad
Bluetooth Smart
802.11ac
3G
4G LTE
802.11n
Powerline
DSRC
NFC
GNSS/Location
Bluetooth Mesh
5G
Connectivity Computing

29. 29
Qualcomm Technologies’ LTE platform leadership
A history of industry firsts
2010 2016Gen 1 Gen 2 Gen 3 Gen 4 Gen 5 Gen 6
LTE
Multimode
LTE voice
(CSFB)
LTE SoC
28nm LTE
LTE CA
7-mode
LTE
LTE
Broadcast
LTE
Dual SIM
VoLTE
Multimode
20nm
LTE
Cat10
modem
LTE
across
all tiers
Gigabit
Class LTE
LTE-U, LWA,
4x4 MIMO
LTE
Cat 12/13
FinFet LTE
LAA,
4x CA
600Mbps
LTE hotspot
Cat 6 in
smartphone
Cat 9
SoC
Qualcomm Technologies modem generation and feature

30. 30
Delivering 3G and 4G LTE solutions for the IoT today
Established ecosystem partners with proven global solutions
More than 100 design wins from over 60 manufacturers
1
Qualcomm MDM9x07-1: LTE Cat-1
modem for the Internet of Things
• 4G/3G global band support
(multimode/multiband)
• Highly integrated to reduce cost / complexity
• PSM enabling up to 10+ years battery life
• Scalable to add voice, Wi-Fi, BT capabilities
• Hardware-based security
1 Includes Qualcomm Snapdragon X5 LTE (9x07) and MDM9x07-1 modem, as of June 2016
Qualcomm Snapdragon, MDM9x07 and MDM9x07-1 are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

31. 31
Driving new LTE IoT technologies towards commercialization
Rel-13 specification now complete for LTE Cat-M1 (eMTC) and Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT)
Standards leadership
Main contributor to eMTC and NB-IoT features
Harmonized Industry on narrowband IoT
(NB-IoT) specification
Pioneering work on future IoT technologies,
e.g. multi-hop to extend uplink coverage
Prototyping new
technologies
PSM & eDRx simulations and system
tests, as demonstrated at MWC 2016
Qualcomm MDM9206
Flexible chipset platform
Common hardware solution to enable
Cat-M1 and/or Cat-NB1
MDM9206 is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

32. 32
Delivering a scalable roadmap across all tiers & segments
LTE from gigabit to micro-amp
Cat-16
Fiber-like experience
Cat-12
Redefining mainstream
Cat-6
Entry-level MBB
Cat-4
High-end IoT
Core
IoT-optimized
modems
Scaling up in performance and mobility
Scaling down in complexity and power
Cat-1
Cost-efficient, low power,
scalable for IoT Cat-M1/NB1
Ultra-low power, long
battery life, extended
coverage
X16
LTE
X12
LTE
X7
LTE
X5
LTE
9x07-1
9206
Note: Showing DL UE categories. Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

33. 33
Wireless/OFDM
technology and chipset
leadership
Pioneering new 5G technologies to
meet extreme requirements
End-to-end system
approach with advanced
prototypes
Driving 5G from standardization to
commercialization
Leading global
network experience
and scale
Providing the experience and
scale that 5G demands
Leading the world to 5G
Investing in 5G for many years—building upon our leadership foundation

34. 34
Roadmap to 5G will bring even more opportunities for the
Internet of Things including new mission-critical services
Qualcomm is uniquely positioned to connect the Internet of
Things and is leading the world to 5G
In summary
LTE is evolving to deliver a unified, scalable IoT platform that
brings significant benefits over non-3GPP LPWA solutions
Delivering new narrowband IoT technologies (Cat-M1/NB1) to
lower complexity, increase battery life, and deepen coverage –
establishes the foundation for Narrowband 5G
Learn more at: http://www.qualcomm.com/LTE-IoT

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