Lesson focuses on six (6) types of phrases: Noun, Verb, Prepositional, Infinitive, Participial, and Gerund.

1. An introductory understanding

2. Phrases: Defined
 A phrase is defined as a group of related
words that lack one or more of the
necessary components to be a
sentence.
Components of a Sentence:
1. Subject: who/what the sentence is
about
2. Verb: initiator of the action or state of…
3. Complete Thought

3. Phrase Types
1. Noun Phrase
2. Prepositional Phrase
3. Verb Phrase
4. Infinitive Phrase
5. Participial Phrase
6. Gerund Phrase

4. Noun Phrase
 The noun phrase consists of a noun and
its descriptors (a.k.a. adjectives)
Examples:
1. A long-sleeved, light blue, button down
dress shirt.
2. A high-flying, unstoppable, 360 degree
slam dunk.

5. Prepositional Phrase
 Prepositional phrases consist of:
1. A preposition
2. The object of the preposition (the noun
of the phrase).
Examples:
In the morning During the ceremony
After the sun rises To the limit
Beyond the horizon On the brink

6. Verb Phrase
 The verb phrase consists of the main
verb and its modifiers (adverbs).
Adverbs can also modify other adverbs.
 But first, which is the main verb---it is the
verb that agrees with the subject.
Example:
The Real Housewives of Atlanta was airing
while I typed this presentation.

7. Verb Phrase
 Modifiers for verbs are Adverbs.
 Adverbs are words that modify
(change, alter) verbs and other adverbs.
Example:
The chef carefully prepared an exceptional
dinner for the vacationers.

8. Verbs and Adverbs
 Other verb/adverb combinations:
After her appointment at the
orthodontist, Danielle cooked eggs for
dinner because she could easily chew
an omelet.
 Why did Danielle cook eggs? Because
she could easily chew an omelet---
That’s an adverb clause.

9. Infinitive Phrase
 Infinitive phrases consist of a simple
formula
Infinitive
To Verb Phrase

10. Infinitive phrases
But let’s not forget the modifiers
 To smash a spider firmly against the wall
 To deftly kick the ball past the dazed
goalie
 To instantly win the lottery
 To quickly understand the interplay of
muscle and bone in the human body

11. Participial Phrases
 Appear at the beginning of a sentence or
the end of the sentence.
 Always set off from the main clause with a
comma.
 The action that is occurring in these
participial phrases should relate back to the
subject.
 The subject of the sentence should be
doing the action.
 If not, the result is a dangling modifier.

12. Participial Phrases
 Easy to spot because most end in –ing.
Examples:
1. Looking at the recent issue of
Cosmo, the man who always sits in the
back of the bus began to hum to
himself.
2. Helping himself to the buffet, Mr. Klump
quietly thought things about food that
were never to be discussed with
anyone.

13. Gerund Phrase
 Begin with a gerund(verb ending in –ing)
 Might include other modifiers and/or
objects.
 Always function as nouns,
 They will be subjects. Always!

14. Gerund Phrase
Examples:
Jamming too much clothing into the
washing machine may result in disaster.
Buttering toast with a fork is not very
effective.