2. Chemistry in fruitsI love Hillary
• - Fruits are part of our daily life, for example, apples are a citrusy fruit
that comes from a tree. And is eaten by it self or turned in to apple
juice. Now you must be asking yourself where is the chemistry? Well
apple juice as we know it is made of chemicals as well and the
formula, is Ho2cch2chohco2h complicated huh? Lets brake it down
shall we. The formula is mainly Hydrogen, Carbon and oxygen.
• Hydrogen 4.51%
• Carbon 38.83%
• Oxygen 59.7%
3. Chemistry of Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates or saccharides are the most abundant class of
biomolecules. Carbohydrates are used to store energy, though they
serve other important functions as well.
• The empirical or simplest formula of any carbohydrate is (CH2O)n.
This formula looks like carbon water just as carbohydrate suggests
hydrated or watered carbon. The formula tells us that all
carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a
1:2:1 ratio.
4. It’s Sweet!
Glucose and fructose are monosaccharide sugars. A
monosaccharide is the smallest unit of sugar, mono meaning 1.
Sucrose is commonly called table sugar and is a disaccharide. A
disaccharide is a sugar that is made up of two sugar units, di
meaning 2.
Sucrose is produced as glucose and fructose are joined together
by a condensation reaction. In the process a water molecule is
eliminated. See the following equation.
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 => C12H22O11 + H2O
glucose + fructose => sucrose + water
5. Fatty patty!
• If all the major fats are in equal proportions the
chemical composition of animal fats/oils is C19.1 H34.7
O2 with an average of 2.6 unsaturations per mole. Plant
oils average C17.0 H32.2 O2 with 0.8 unsaturations per
average mole.
6. Questions!
• 1) What is the formula for apple juice?
• 2)what is the order of the formula of glucose
and fructose?
• 3) What is a carbohydrate?
