5. When the mind is thinking, it is
talking to itself" Plato
ā¢ Intra personal communication
ā¢ Inter-personal Communication
ā¢ A personal communication
6. Communication Situations
ā¢ One to one
ā¢ Small groups
ā¢ Large groups
ā¢ Known
ā¢ Friends
ā¢ Unknown/Strangers
ā¢ Pleasant
ā¢ Unpleasant
ā¢ Superiors
ā¢ Subordinates
ā¢ Colleagues
7. Communication and
Individual
Dennis Rivers(2004)
ā¢ More coordinated life activities with the life
activities of people important to you
ā¢ More respect
ā¢ More influence
ā¢ More comfortable with conflict
ā¢ More peace of mind
ā¢ More satisfying closeness with others
ā¢ A healthier life
13. Responses: Mother
ā¢ Loving
ā¢ Affectionate
ā¢ First teacher
ā¢ Caring
ā¢ Understand the
child without his
saying anything
ā¢ Nurturing-----------
ā¢ Person who
gives birth to a
child
Based on Experience Standard Meaning
18. "Even when you choose your words
well, if your tone of voice is hurried,
hostile, or defensive, people may hear
something very different from what
you intended "
(Dr Rick Brinkman and
Dr Rick Kirschner,
Dealing with Difficult People )
22. ļ¶Organize the message
ļTopical organization, chronological
organization, Journalistic organization,
concept maps
ļSimple to complex, easy to difficult,
known to unknown, concrete to abstract,
observation to reasoning
ļ¶Keep it simple and short
ļ¶Use simple language
ļ¶Grammatically correct
ļ¶Technically correct
Principles of Effective
Speaking: Message
33. ļ¶Avoid verbal virus/filler words
ā Ok, You see, You know, Look Actually,
Yes, Right
ļ¶Use silence-"Silence is one great
art of conversation" William Hazlitt
34. I AM NOT OK I AM OK
YOU ARE OK YOU ARE OK
GET AWAY FROM GET ON WITH
I AM NOT OK I AM OK
YOU ARE NOT OK YOU ARE NOT OK
GET NO WHERE GET RID OF
Not OK Perception about oneself OK
NotOKļ¶Operate from I am OK, You are OK
life position
36. ļ¶Provide time for assimilation
ļ¶Obtain and provide feedback
ā¢ Task related
ā¢ Accurate
ā¢ Specific
ā¢ Corrective
ā¢ Immediate
Principles of
Effective Speaking
37. Improving Oneās
Speaking Skills
ā¢ Record your voice
ā¢ Obtain feedback
ā¢ Be open to feedback
ā¢ Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses
ā¢ Try to eliminate your weaknesses
ā¢ Practice-Practice-Practice
40. "Courage is what it takes to stand up and
speak Courage is also what it takes to
sit down and listen" Winston Churchill
41. Nature has given us two ears,
two eyes, but one tongue-to
the end that we should hear
and see more than we speak
Socrates
42. āListening has been variously called the
neglected art or forgotten skill in
Communicationā
(Adair,1997)
The higher the quality of listening
the less power externals will be
allowed to disrupt communicationā
(Adair; 1997)
43. Purposes of Listening
ļ¶Show concern and respect for the
speaker
ļ¶Motivates the speaker to speak or
continue
ļ¶Gives a signal to the speaker that
you are with him
ļ¶Builds relation
ļ¶Leads to learning
46. Obstacles to Listening
ā¢ Prejudging the communication/
calling the subject uninteresting
ā¢ Criticizing the speakerās delivery/
language
ā¢ Listening only for facts
ā¢ Getting over stimulated
ā¢ Trying to take copious notes
ā¢ Faking attention
47. Contd
ā¢ Tolerating or creating distractions
ā¢ Avoiding technical and difficult
material (Filtering out messages)
ā¢ Letting emotionally laden words
detract
ā¢ Wasting the differential between
speech speed and thought speed
ā¢ Rehearsing a response (Mental
rehearsal)
48. Principles of
Effective Listening
ļ¶Stop talking
ļ¶Maintain eye contact with the speaker
ļ¶Pay attention to what is being said
ļ¶Concentrate/Focus on what is being
said
ļ¶Keep an open mind
ļ¶Listen without biases and prejudices
ļ¶Listen for both content and emotions
behind it
49. ļ¶Listen for the big picture not for
specifics
ļ¶Indulge in empathetic listening
ļ¶Make use of differential in thought
speed and speech speed
ļ¶Relate with what you already know
Principles of
Effective Listening
51. Principles of
Effective Listening
ļ¶Do not prejudge the communication
ļ¶Do not criticize the speakerās
delivery/language
ļ¶Do not filter the message
ļ¶Do not take copious notes
ļ¶Do not interrupt the speaker
ļ¶Do not tolerate distractions
ļ¶Do not rehearse a response
Editor's Notes
Each day, we all spend almost 80% of our waking time on communication Even when we are sleeping, we are sending messages to outside world through our posture and facial expression It means, whether we intend or do not intend, we communicate
There are four basic skills involved in becoming effective communicator and these include- speaking, listening, reading and writing It is a myth that speaking consumes most of our time A cross sectional research in the area of communication found that 45% of the time is spent on listening, 30% on speaking, 16% on reading and 9% of the time is spent on writing However, it all depends on the job responsibilities and activities of the individual A teacher in classroom spends most of the time on speaking and listening while a software engineer spends most of his time on reading and writing
In classroom situation, oral communication is involved Thus, two specific communication skills are used ie speaking and listening
Communication is normally defined as transmission of message from one individual to another But if I ask who is a boss Some of the responses may be āBoss is authoritarianā, āstuburn or rigidā or āalways rightā, But the standard meaning of this word is āoneās immediate Superiorā There are two meanings of the same word-one based on your experience and another the standard meaning Standard or dictionary meaning is referred to as denotative meaning and the meaning you attach to words based on your experience is referred to as connotative meaning When the receiver interprets the words as intended by the sender, the message is completely or rightly understood Communication ought to be effective So, communication can be defined as sharing of meanings between the sender and the receiver
When a person speaks, his or her whole personality comes into play Receiver not only interprets the words but also interprets personās facial expression, gestures, body posture etc and give meaning to the intended message More the congruence between verbal and non verbal communication, greater is the effectiveness of communication
It has been found that the impact of verbal content on effectiveness of communication is about 7%, that of tonal quality how something is said is 38% and non-verbal behaviour has an impact to the extent of 55% In other words, verbal content is only the tip of iceberg, the remaining iceberg is non verbal communication
Knowing oneās subject is a precondition to effective communication If you have thorough understanding of the subject the flow and continuity will be there in communication If you are clear about what your students will be able to do at the end of instruction, you will be in a position to select and organize the content in an appropriate manner and will be in a position to explain and support with relevant examples in the class
Effective Communication needs to be pitched to the level of the students It is thus essential to know age, interest, background, previous attainments, learning styles of the students
Message ought to be well organized Depending on the subject matter, choose appropriate sequencing of subject matter It can be topical sequencing, journalistic question sequencing, chronological sequencing Always try to organize the content matter from simple to complex, easy to difficulty, concrete to abstract, known to unknown and from observation to reasoning to enable the students to understand the message
Face is the index of mind and you express feelings through your facial expression Remain calm and relaxed and have a pleasant smile on your face
Gestures lend support to verbal content When you say very small, gesture are somewhat like this When you indicate direction, you point out finger in that directionSo use appropriate gestures in class
Your posture depicts enthusiasm or laziness Adopt erect posture which is indicative of dynamism
When you dress according to the situation, you feel more confident So dress formally when you are going for a class
While speaking to students, treat them on equal footing Leave your prejudices and biases if any outside the classroom Prejudices and biases lead to ineffective communication between the teacher and the student
You should give time to student to grasp the message and then assure yourself of studentās understanding by posing questions, assigning small tasks or problem solving activities to students Providing and obtaining feedback is essential to improve effectiveness of communication
Repeat Listening is an important skill
Listening serves some important purposes If you listen to someone, you Show concern and respect for the speaker and it Motivates the speaker to speak or continue
It gives a signal to the speaker that you are with him
It helps building relation between the speaker and the listener
Lastly, if you listen learning will take place
There is a clear cut distinction between hearing and listening Hearing means receiving audio signals while listening means hearing with understanding It involves deliberate attention, perception and evaluation
For effective listening, it is important to Maintain eye contact with speaker Other wise, it gives a signal that you are not interested or not with him Pay attention to what is being said It requires deliberate effort on the part of the listenerConcentrate on what is being said Do not colour the perception with your biases and prejudicesListen for what is being said and try to understand the feelings behind what is being saidListen for the total message
Do not try to filter the message Listen in totality
It is said Only the wearer knows where the shoe pinches Put yourself in the place of the speaker You will better understand his or her viewpoint Thought speed is four to five times more than the speech speed So, use this differential in thought and speech speed productively Try to build associations between the new information and what you already know or evaluate the logic and consistency of what has been said Learning will be more
Do not call the subject uninteresting or boring In that case, you will switch off from the communication
Do not criticize the speakerās delivery/language Pay attention only to the content
Take notes in your own words which you can easily interpret afterwards
Let the speaker finish his /her communication Do not interrupt the speaker in between
If some one is creating distraction, stop it Do not go on tolerating distraction
