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āļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđŒāļ„āļēāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāđ€āļ­āđ€āļ›āļ„ APEC Center for Technology Foresight ,[object Object]
āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ āļŠāļ§āļ—āļ™ .
APEC   Member   Economies APEC Official Observers â€Ē  Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Secretariat â€Ē  Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC) â€Ē  Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) ÂĐ 2008 APEC Secretariat
Mission of APEC CTF ,[object Object],[object Object]
Mostly funded by both NSTDA and APEC
Methodologies include Delphi, Scenarios, and TRM  ,[object Object]
T RAINING:  Seminars and Workshops (2-3 times a year) ,[object Object],T owards “Best Practice” in Technology Foresight
Our Customers ,[object Object]
Modes of Strategic Policy Learning (partly based on Ken Guy, 2006) Policy  development Parallell activities: Intelligent  benchmarking etc. Future options: Foresight etc. Past experience: Impact analysis, History etc. Current context: Policy analysis, structure  and  dynamics
Source: APEC Center for Technology Foresight Futures Studies Strategic  Planning  Policy Development Foresight The Foundations of Foresight
 
T he Johari Window KNOWN KNOWNS UNKNOWN KNOWNS KNOWN UNKNOWNS UNKNOWN UNKNOWNS Knowledge management e nvironment scanning trends imagination S trategic planning Foresight
The generic foresight process framework inputs analysis interpretation prospection outputs strategy Foresight Source :  Voros (2003) Strategic intelligence scanning, Delphi Emerging issues/trends analysis Systems thinking, Causal Layered Analysis Scenarios, visioning, backcasts, roadmaps Reports, presentations, workshops, multimedia Strategy development & strategic planning: individual, workgroup, organisation, society, etc.
Global Strategic Trends Source: Global Strategic Trends – Out to 2040, Ministry of Defence UK (2010)
APEC Center for Technology Foresight  www.apecforesight.org ,[object Object]
āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļ āļēāļ„āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™ 90  āđ„āļĄāļĨāđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡
āļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļĢāļąāļ§āđƒāļ™āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļ 60  āđ„āļĄāļĨāđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡
āļŠāļŦāļ āļēāļžāđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ 30  āđ„āļĄāļĨāđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡
āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļēāļĢ 25  āđ„āļĄāļĨāđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡
āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē 10  āđ„āļĄāļĨāđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡
āļŠāļŦāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļēāļ•āļī 5  āđ„āļĄāļĨāđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡
āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļ 3  āđ„āļĄāļĨāđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡
āļāļēāļĢāļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ 1  āđ„āļĄāļĨāđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡ Alvin and Heidi Toffler, Revolutionary Wealth (2006) āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ•āļāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ§āļĨāļē
Source: Picture of the Future, Siemens (2005)
 
what might happen – need to understand this your vision – need to create this
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Causes â€Ķ urbanization, rapid development, economic growth ( Solution:  telecommuting or use mobile phones ,  Actors:  corporations, int’l agencies )
Worldview â€Ķ Industrialism, Big City Outlook, Colonialism ( Solution:  transform development model, deep decentralization, focus on agriculture ,  Actors:  public intellectuals, social movements )
Myth â€Ķ West is best, Bigger is Better ( Solution:  focus on indigenous metaphors, on pre-modern modes of knowing ,  Actors:  mystics, fringe artists ) ,[object Object]
āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāđāļšāļšāđ€āļ”āļĨāļŸāļĩāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļˆāļēāļāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāļđāđ‰ ,[object Object]
āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄ (consensus)   āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āđˆāļēāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ–āļ·āļ­āļˆāļēāļāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ
āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āđ„āļ”āđ‰ data information knowledge wisdom Distillation āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļąāļĒāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆ ,[object Object]
āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāļđāđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄ
āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ°āļžāļīāđ€āļĻāļĐāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāđāļšāļšāđ€āļ”āļĨāļŸāļĩ 1.  Anonymity āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāļđāđ‰āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĢāļđāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāđƒāļ„āļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđƒāļ„āļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļ„āļĢāļ•āļ­āļšāļ§āđˆāļēāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢ 2.  (Re) iterationâ€Ķ.. āļ„āļģāļ–āļēāļĄāļŠāļļāļ”āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļ™āļ–āļđāļāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļāļĨāļąāļšāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ•āļ­āļšāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡ 3.  ...With controlled feedback āļ„āđˆāļēāđ€āļ‰āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģāļ•āļ­āļšāļˆāļēāļāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ āļ„āļģāļ§āļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒ āļœāļđāđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļģāļ•āļ­āļš āđāļ›āļĨāļāđāļĒāļāļˆāļēāļāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ–āļđāļāļ‚āļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļœāļĨ  āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļˆāļ°āļ–āļđāļāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļāļĨāļąāļšāđ„āļ›āļĒāļąāļ‡āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāļđāđ‰āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ•āļ­āļšāļ„āļģāļ–āļēāļĄāļĢāļ­āļšāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›
Expert A Expert B Foresight Committee moderator anonymity answer answer feedback feedback x (Expert Panel) Foresight Committee
Consensus through Delphi Planning of social services for the elderly  - seeking opinions of community- and hospital-based doctors about seriousness and prevalence of health problems From Delphi Techniques and the Planning of Social Services - The Prevention of Dependency Among the Old (Giovanni Bertin)
Delphi Applications Within foresight studies, Delphi is usually used to  tap the wisdom of a group, in order to:  ,[object Object]
assess policy options
encourage decisions convergence consensus conformity
Example of prediction: “ When will the first hydrogen-powered car hit the market in your country?” (Practical Use)
One of the Original Delphi Studies ( Report on a Long-Range Forecast  by Gordon and Helmer) ,[object Object]
C ontained forecasts of scientific and technological breakthroughs through 2000 and beyond
82 panelists who contributed included Isaac Asimov  and  Arthur Clarke
“ On Targets”â€Ķ ,[object Object]
oral contraceptives
advent of ultra light materials
automated language translation
transplanting organs
more reliable weather forecasts
centralized data banks
artificial organs
X Ray lasers
psychotropic drugs
self replicating molecules
synthetic protein
feasibility of control over hereditary defects ,[object Object]
biochemical general immunization
limited weather control
world population by 2000 less than 6 billion
manned landing on Mars â€Ķ and “Big   Misses ”
Realization of Past Forecasts  of the Japanese Delphi   conducted every five years after 1970   In 1996, the Sixth survey assessed the first and second surveys
āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāđāļšāļšāđ€āļ”āļĨāļŸāļĩ āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ—āļģāļ™āļēāļĒ āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ„āļēāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ āļēāļ„āđ€āļāļĐāļ•āļĢāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒāđƒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āđ„āļ—āļĒ  2541
āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē ,[object Object]
āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāđāļšāļšāđ€āļ”āļĨāļŸāļĩ ,[object Object]
āđāļšāļšāļŠāļ­āļšāļ–āļēāļĄāļĢāļ­āļšāļŠāļ­āļ‡  311  āļĢāļēāļĒ āļ•āļ­āļš  208  āļĢāļēāļĒ   ,[object Object]
āļŦāļąāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ” ,[object Object],āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ°  30   āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļžāļēāļ°āļ›āļĨāļđāļāļĄāļĩāļ™āđ‰āļģāļŠāļĨāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ—āļēāļ™āļ•āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ›āļĩ  2550 ,[object Object],āļœāļĨāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļˆāļēāļāļœāļąāļāļœāļĨāđ„āļĄāđ‰āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ°  80  āļĄāļĩāļŠāļēāļĢāļžāļīāļĐāļ•āļāļ„āđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ™āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļŠāļēāļāļĨ 2550 ,[object Object],āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļžāļ·āļŠāļœāļąāļāļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļŠāļēāļĢāļžāļīāļĐāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđāļžāļĢāđˆāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ‡āđ€āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļŠāļ āļēāļžāđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ 2547 ,[object Object],āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļžāļ·āļŠāļœāļąāļāļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļŠāļēāļĢāļžāļīāļĐāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđāļžāļĢāđˆāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ‡āđ€āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļŠāļ āļēāļžāđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ 2547
Policy Delphi   The same 3 key features apply:  anonymity / iteration / controlled feedback  Example:  “Government should bear the burden of health care across the population by providing 100% financial support to ensure universal and equitable access to services.” Desirability assessment very desirable desirable undesirable very undesirable 1 2 3 4  Feasibility assessment definitely possibly probably not definitely not 1 2 3 4   Importance assessment very important important  not very important completely_  _unimportant 1 2 3 4
āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāđāļšāļšāđ€āļ”āļĨāļŸāļĩ āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒ āļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļŠāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āđ€āļ—āļĻāļāļąāļšāļ§āļīāļŠāļēāļŦāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āļāļĨāļēāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āļĒāđˆāļ­āļĄāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ  2548 āļĄāļđāļĨāļ™āļīāļ˜āļīāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ  2544
āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē ,[object Object]
āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāđāļšāļšāđ€āļ”āļĨāļŸāļĩāļāļąāļšāļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļīāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāļ—āļĢāļ­āļ™āļīāļāļŠāđŒ āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļĒāļēāļ™āļĒāļ™āļ•āđŒ āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢ ,[object Object]
āđāļšāļšāļŠāļ­āļšāļ–āļēāļĄāļĢāļ­āļšāļŠāļ­āļ‡  290  āļĢāļēāļĒ āļ•āļ­āļš  197  āļĢāļēāļĒ   ,[object Object]
āļŦāļąāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ” ,[object Object]
āļĢāļąāļāļ„āļ§āļĢāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ­āļīāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāļ—āļĢāļ­āļ™āļīāļāļŠāđŒāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰  SMEs   āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļˆāļēāļ  E-commerce
āļĢāļąāļāļ„āļ§āļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ—āļļāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāļŠāļģāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļģāļ­āļ­āļāļĄāļēāļ‚āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļ–āļđāļ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļ­āļģāļ™āļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ°āļ”āļ§āļāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆ
āļĢāļąāļāļ„āļ§āļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļļāđ‰āļĢāļīāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļˆāļąāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ•āđ‰āļ™āđāļšāļšāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļŦāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ‚āļ‹āđˆāļ­āļļāļ›āļ—āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ  SMEs  āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™

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Foresight and technology foresight for scg

Editor's Notes

  1. W e are a group of practitioners (e.g. SWOT is given a bad name because mostly it fails in practice O ur strength is management skill W e train people CDG case is our return customer
  2. T he role of foresight: Foresight is about creating insights , not information. A tool for policy learning. Strong overlap/synergy with other modes of policy learning.
  3. T his chart explains how foresight is different from conventional strategic planning
  4. Note possible loops of feedback throughout the process
  5. Alvin and Heidi Toffler āđƒāļ™āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ Revolutionary Wealth āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŠāļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļīāļ”āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡ “ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āđ€āļ›āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļš ” āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļąāļšāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļ›āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļŠāļđāđˆāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāļāļēāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļāđ‰āļ­āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡ āđ† āđƒāļ™āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāđ„āļ§āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ™āđˆāļēāļŠāļ™āđƒāļˆāļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđƒāļ™āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Toffler āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļšāđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ§āđˆāļē āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļĢāļ­āļ” (fit) āđƒāļ™āđ‚āļĨāļāļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļąāļ™āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āđ„āļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āļ•āļļāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļĨāļ” “ āļŠāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ§āļĨāļē ” āđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĨāļ‡āļšāđ‰āļēāļ‡ āđ€āļ‚āļēāļˆāļķāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļīāļ”āļ§āđˆāļē āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡ āđ† āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđˆāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ­āļāđāļšāļšāļŸāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĄāļ•āļēāļĄāļāļŽāļĢāļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļš āļ„āļ§āļĢāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļāđ‡āļš “ āļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđ€āļ§āļĨāļē ” āļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļžāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđƒāļ™āļĢāļđāļ›āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™ “ āđ€āļ§āļĨāļē ” āļˆāļķāļ‡āļ–āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ “ āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļļāļšāļąāļ•āļīāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆ ” āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļ§āļīāļ–āļĩāļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ• āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļāđ‡āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļ§āđˆāļē āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļąāđˆāļ§āļĢāđ‰āļēāļĒāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļąāļāđ€āļāļēāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāđ‚āļĨāļāļēāļ āļīāļ§āļąāļ•āļ™āđŒāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ”āļĩ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡ Toffler āđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļĨāļ‡āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāđ„āļ›āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĄāļđāļĨāļ„āđˆāļēāđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļš “ āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđ„āļĢāđ‰āļĢāļđāļ› (intangible economy)” āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ­āļ™āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļđāđ‰āļˆāļąāļāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ™āļīāļŠāļąāļĒ āļŠāļ­āļ™āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļžāļđāļ” āļŠāļ­āļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ§āļīāļ™āļąāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļđāđ‰āļˆāļąāļāļĄāļēāļĢāļĒāļēāļ—āļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāļ•āļĨāļ­āļ”āļˆāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ­āļ”āļāļĨāļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 60 āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļđāļĨāļ„āđˆāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļˆāļēāļāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āđƒāļ™āļĒāļļāļ„āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļāđˆāļēāļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđ„āļĢāđ‰āļĢāļđāļ› āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļˆāļ°āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 100 āđƒāļ™āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• [1] [1]
  6. It’s 2020, and India has been spectacularly successful in improving the quality of its water treatment systems. The Ganges, India’s sacred river, has benefited from this progress — as two students from England discover...
  7. "Project Delphi" was the name given to a US Air Force-sponsored Rand Corporation study, starting in the early 1950's, concerning the use of expert opinion . The objective of the original study was to "obtain the most reliable consensus of opinion of a group of experts ... by a series of intensive questionnaires interspersed with controlled opinion feedback." Delphi may be characterized as a method for structuring a group communication process so that the process is effective in allowing a group of individuals, as a whole, to deal with a complex problem . Often, among a panel of geographically dispersed experts. The name Delphi was never a term with which the founders of the method were particularly happy. It was rather unfortunate that the set of procedures developed at RAND Corporation, and designed to improve methods of forecasting, came to be known as Delphi. The term implies something oracular, something occult, whereas precisely the opposite is involved; it is primarily concerned with making the best you can of a less than perfect fund of information. In 1969 the number of Delphi studies that had been done could be counted in three digits; today, in 1974, the figure may have already reached four digits.
  8. The roadmap architecture is shown here, with a 20 year forward time horizon, comprising the following 3 broad layers: Market and industry drivers: the broad social, technological, economic, environmental and political trends and drivers that influence the automotive sector. The STEEPI factors were used to structure this layer. Performance measures and targets for the road transport system. The STEEPI factors were used to structure this layer, but with the Infrastructure replaced by ‘System’, on the basis that the remit of Foresight Vehicle does not include infrastructure, which is the responsibility of the Highways Agency in the UK. However, it is important to consider the road transport network as a system, including its interfaces with other systems, as some performance measures only make sense at the systems level. For example, being able to predict arrival time accurately depends on many different factors and sub-systems. Technology areas that can support the development of road vehicles, in response to the trends and drivers, and required road transport system performance. The Technology layer divided into five sub-layers, on the basis of existing Thematic Group activity within the Foresight Vehicle consortium: Engine & powertrain; Hybrid, electric & alternatively fuelled vehicles; Advanced software, sensors, electronics & telematics; Advanced structures & materials; and Design & manufacturing processes.
  9. Version 1.0 of the Foresight Vehicle Technology Roadmap was published in 2002, as the final output of a project that involved 10 one-day workshops over a period of 10 months, bringing together a total of more than 130 participants representing more than 60 organisations from across the UK. The process involved the following steps: The first workshop (part of the Planning stage) was similar to the traditional ‘fast-start’ approach, covering the full scope of the Foresight Vehicle domain, providing an opportunity to test the concepts and techniques that would be deployed over the coming months. The second workshop focused on the top layer of the roadmap (market and industry trends & drivers). This was supplemented by desk research, incorporating published information (trends, forecasts and legislation). The third workshop focused on the middle layer of the roadmap (performance measures & targets for the road transport system). This was supplemented by additional desk research, incorporating published information (trends, forecasts and legislation). This was followed by a consultation workshop, involving a wider set of the Foresight Vehicle consortium, to test and refine the top two layers of the roadmap, prior to exploring technology. A set of five technology workshops, to identifying key technologies (and their evolution), in response to the trends, drivers, targets and performance measures identified in the previous workshops (as expressed in the top two layers of the roadmap), together with research priorities. A final workshop focused on synthesising the various components of the roadmap, and validating the emerging report. The final report was published in September 2002, as Version 1.0 of the roadmap. The roadmap was given a version number to demonstrate that it was still work-in-progress, and to encourage Version 2 to be developed.
  10. A lot of information was gathered during the the Foresight Vehicle technology roadmapping project, and developing this to a level of quality and format that was suitable for publication was a challenge. The raw data collected in the workshops was ‘tidied up’, to ensure that each item of information was coherent, and where possible linked to a published source (e.g. forecast or legislation). The positioning of information was improved, in terms of timing, and also sub-themes. This diagram shows the final output from the first workshop (market and industry trends & drivers), for the ‘Social’ theme. Sub-themes are shown using colour. The information includes a vision statement, an assessment of the current position, a range of different forecasts, which represent the uncertainties associated with the future (for example, when oil demand might outstrip supply), together with some speculation and key questions. These ‘rich picture’ views represent more of a ‘landscape’ than a roadmap, in that clear routes to the future are not clear. This is necessary because the context within which industry, academia and government must innovate and act is complex, and there are many different stakeholders involved with many different aspirations and priorities. The set of ‘rich picture’ diagrams (28 in all) represent the lowest level of information in the roadmap (the finest level of granularity), and are included in the Appendices of the Roadmap as a resource.
  11. A small part of the middle layer of the roadmap is shown here - the social aspects of the performance measures and targets for the road transport system.